Deck 9: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

The mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs,muscles,and glands is the ________ nerve.

A) trochlear
B) spinal accessory
C) trigeminal
D) vagus
E) glossopharyngeal

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The brain has a ________ (high or low?)demand for oxygen,and receives about ________% of the total blood volume in circulation.

A) high; 35
B) low; 35
C) low; 15
D) high; 15
E) high; 50

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of these roles is NOT related to the reticular formation?

A) arousal and sleep
B) muscle tone and stretch reflexes
C) pain modulation
D) blood pressure regulation
E) regulation of the menstrual cycle

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The first multicellular animals to develop neurons were

A) jellyfish and sea anemones.
B) flatworms and sea urchins.
C) segmented worms and sea horses.
D) mollusks and sea stars.
E) fish and sea monkeys.

Question 5

The pons develops from the

A) forebrain.
B) midbrain.
C) hindbrain.

Question 6

The brain region that is identifiable by its folds and grooves is the

A) cerebellum only.
B) cerebrum only.
C) medulla oblongata only.
D) cerebellum and cerebrum.
E) cerebrum and medulla oblongata.

Question 7

The brain consumes about half of the ________ circulating in the body.

A) oxygen
B) glucose
C) sodium
D) potassium
E) fatty acids

Question 8

The peripheral nervous system develops from the

A) neural plate.
B) neural tube.
C) neural crest.

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the

A) choroid plexus.
B) arachnoid villi.
C) frontal sinuses.
D) pia mater.
E) ventricles.

Question 10

Which of these have the most advanced nervous system?

A) flatworms
B) segmented worms
C) jellyfish
D) sea anemones

Question 11

Which of these does NOT contribute significantly to the protection of the brain?

A) cranium
B) subarachnoid space
C) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
D) dura mater
E) cerebral space

Question 12

The earliest discrete embryonic structure from which the entire nervous system eventually develops is the

A) ventricle.
B) neural tube.
C) neural plate.
D) ependyma.
E) neural crest.

Question 13

Simple reflexes in a worm are integrated within a segment rather than in the brain,because

A) worms do not have brains.
B) worms do not have a nervous system.
C) worms have a ganglion at each segment.
D) worms have a neural network within each segment.

Question 14

Which is a system that influences motor output,according to Larry Swanson?

A) emotional state
B) reflexive
C) behavioral state
D) emergent
E) diffuse modulatory

Question 15

Which statement regarding the hypothalamus is FALSE?

A) Hypothalamic trophic factors control the release of anterior pituitary hormones.
B) It receives input from multiple sources.
C) It receives sensory fibers from the optic tract, ears, and spinal cord.
D) The hypothalamus contains various centers for behavioral drives such as hunger and thirst.

Question 16

Which is NOT housed in the medulla oblongata?

A) centers for blood pressure control
B) centers for control of vomiting
C) centers for control of eye movement
D) centers for control of breathing
E) the pyramids, where tracts cross to the opposite side of the body

Question 17

The most primitive nervous systems consist of structures known as nerve

A) tracts.
B) nets.
C) webs.
D) cords.
E) mazes.

Question 18

The structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the

A) basal nuclei.
B) suprachiasmatic nucleus.
C) corpus callosum.
D) hippocampus.
E) gray "H."

Question 19

The brain area(s)that has/have a cortex is/are the

A) cerebrum only.
B) cerebellum only.
C) medulla oblongata only.
D) cerebrum and cerebellum.
E) cerebrum and medulla oblongata.

Question 20

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in

A) propriospinal tracts.
B) ventral root ganglia.
C) ventral horns.
D) dorsal horns.
E) dorsal root ganglia.

Question 21

An enhancement of the postsynaptic cell's response to a constant stimulus that lasts for a period of time from hours to weeks is called

A) training.
B) consolidation.
C) long-term potentiation.
D) synchronicity.
E) synaptic plasticity.

Question 22

The brain's interpretation of sensory stimuli is called

A) proprioception.
B) perception.
C) cognition.
D) lateralization.
E) emotion.

Question 23

Reflexive memories are stored in areas of the

A) frontal lobe.
B) parietal lobe.
C) temporal lobe.
D) occipital lobe.
E) cerebellum.

Question 24

The brain area acknowledged as the center for emotions is the

A) amygdala.
B) hypothalamus.
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus.
D) pons.
E) cerebellum.

Question 25

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A.gray matter
B.white matter
C.ascending tracts
D.descending tracts
E.propriospinal tracts
projections of white matter that remain in the spinal cord

Question 26

The hormone that is released to enhance the fight-or-flight reaction is

A) thyroid hormone.
B) prolactin.
C) oxytocin.
D) epinephrine.
E) antidiuretic hormone.

Question 27

Which of these has a higher concentration in cerebrospinal fluid than in the blood?

A) K⁺
B) H⁺
C) Ca²⁺
D) ^HCO3^-
E) Na⁺

Question 28

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A.gray matter
B.white matter
C.ascending tracts
D.descending tracts
E.propriospinal tracts
carry primarily efferent signals from the brain

Question 29

Enhancement of the postsynaptic cell's response to a repeated stimulus is called

A) training.
B) learning.
C) reflexation.
D) facilitation.
E) consolidation.

Question 30

The internal clock of mammals appears to be located in the

A) suprachiasmatic nucleus.
B) pituitary gland.
C) choroid plexus.
D) pons.
E) brain stem.

Question 31

The most primitive region of the cerebrum is probably the

A) limbic system.
B) basal nuclei.
C) corpus callosum.
D) reticular system.
E) pons.

Question 32

Language and verbal skills tend to be ________ side of the brain of right-handed people.

A) concentrated on the left
B) concentrated on the right
C) equally distributed between the left and right
D) randomly located with respect to the left or right

Question 33

Substances that have been isolated from the blood and have been shown to induce sleep have also been linked to the ________ system.

A) urinary
B) respiratory
C) reproductive
D) integumentary
E) immune

Question 34

Which brain area is considered to be a key integrating center for homeostasis?

A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) pituitary gland
D) brain stem
E) medulla

Question 35

An important structure in both learning and memory is the

A) cerebellum.
B) pons.
C) medulla.
D) hippocampus.
E) hypothalamus.

Question 36

Which functions in the control of movement?

A) hippocampus only
B) amygdala only
C) basal nuclei only
D) hippocampus and amygdala
E) All of the above function in the control of movement.

Question 37

Symptoms of the fight-or-flight reaction include all of these EXCEPT

A) hunger.
B) pounding heart.
C) sweating palms.
D) increased blood pressure.
E) pupillary dilation.

Question 38

The inability to remember newly acquired information is called

A) discombobulation.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) short-term amnesia.
D) implicit amnesia.
E) retrograde amnesia.

Question 39

Reasoning arises in the outer layer of neurons of which of the following?

A) amygdala
B) basal nuclei
C) hippocampus
D) cerebral cortex
E) amygdala and hippocampus

Question 40

Declarative memories are stored in cortical areas of the ________ lobes.

A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) amygdala
E) cerebellar

Question 41

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A.dorsal horns
B.columns
C.ventral root
D.dorsal root ganglia
E.nuclei
motor fibers leave the spinal cord's gray matter via this

Question 42

Match these brain areas with their descriptions.
A.cerebellum
B.hypothalamus
C.thalamus
D.cerebrum
composed of distinct regions of gray and white matter,a section of the brain that develops with sulci and gyri

Question 43

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A.gray matter
B.white matter
C.ascending tracts
D.descending tracts
E.propriospinal tracts
unmyelinated,consists of cell bodies,dendrites,and axon terminals

Question 44

Match these brain areas with their locations.
A.primary somatic sensory cortex
B.visual cortex
C.auditory cortex
D.association areas
occipital lobe

Question 45

Match these brain areas with their locations.
A.primary somatic sensory cortex
B.visual cortex
C.auditory cortex
D.association areas
parietal lobe

Question 46

Match these brain areas with their descriptions.
A.cerebellum
B.hypothalamus
C.thalamus
D.cerebrum
receives sensory input from the inner ear's receptors for equilibrium and balance

Question 47

Match these brain areas with their descriptions.
A.cerebellum
B.hypothalamus
C.thalamus
D.cerebrum
composed of many small nuclei,an area that integrates as well as relays sensory information that passes through it

Question 48

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A.gray matter
B.white matter
C.ascending tracts
D.descending tracts
E.propriospinal tracts
projections that carry sensory information to the brain

Question 49

In annelids,simple reflexes occurring within a segment (i.e.,without brain input)are possible because of ________; in vertebrates these reflexes are called ________.

Question 50

Match these brain areas with their locations.
A.primary somatic sensory cortex
B.visual cortex
C.auditory cortex
D.association areas
temporal lobe

Question 51

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A.dorsal horns
B.columns
C.ventral root
D.dorsal root ganglia
E.nuclei
tracts of axons that transfer information to and from the brain

Question 52

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A.dorsal horns
B.columns
C.ventral root
D.dorsal root ganglia
E.nuclei
swellings containing sensory cell bodies

Question 53

Under normal circumstances,the only fuel source for the neurons of the brain is ________.

Question 54

The measurement of brain activity is recorded by a procedure known as the ________.

Question 55

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A.gray matter
B.white matter
C.ascending tracts
D.descending tracts
E.propriospinal tracts
myelinated axons with very few cell bodies

Question 56

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A.dorsal horns
B.columns
C.ventral root
D.dorsal root ganglia
E.nuclei
cluster of gray matter in the brain

Question 57

The three sections of the brain stem are ________,________,and ________.

Question 58

Match these terms with their descriptions.
A.dorsal horns
B.columns
C.ventral root
D.dorsal root ganglia
E.nuclei
sensory fibers enter this part of the "H"

Question 59

Match these brain areas with their locations.
A.primary somatic sensory cortex
B.visual cortex
C.auditory cortex
D.association areas
all lobes

Question 60

Match these brain areas with their descriptions.
A.cerebellum
B.hypothalamus
C.thalamus
D.cerebrum
playing key roles in homeostasis,an area that contains centers for hunger and thirst,as well as controlling the autonomic nervous systems

Question 61

You used to love to drink milk when you were a child.Lately,you notice that your stomach hurts and you experience bloating and discomfort when you drink it.It is no longer inviting when you see someone else drinking it.What kind of learning has occurred?

A) associative
B) anterograde
C) habituation
D) sensitization

Question 62

In vertebrates,the CNS is protected by bony cases,the brain inside the ________,while the spinal cord runs through a canal inside the ________.

Question 63

network to coordinate arousal and sleep,but also involved in blood pressure regulation and pain modulation

Question 64

Extracellular fluid is a protective component of the CNS.The ________ fluid,found inside the pia mater,and the ________ fluid,found in ventricles between the pia mater and arachnoid membrane,make up the extracellular environment for neurons.They communicate across leaky junctions of the ________ membrane and the ________ cell layer that lines the ventricles.

Question 65

Do the terms vertebral column and spinal cord mean the same thing? Explain.

Question 66

________ is a naturally occurring stimulant in food,which acts upon ________ receptors.

Question 67

For the structures listed below,choose one of the following:
A.structure is composed of gray matter
B.structure is composed of white matter
cerebral cortex

Question 68

When a puppy is scolded "No!" each time he chews on your ficus tree,eventually he learns to leave the tree alone.This type of learning is called

A) associative.
B) nonassociative.
C) habituation.
D) sensitization.

Question 69

relay station for transfer of information between the cerebrum and cerebellum; coordinates breathing control with other areas

Question 70

small area that relays signals for auditory and visual reflexes as well as eye movement

Question 71

Two areas of the brain missing the blood-brain barrier are the ________ and ________.

Question 72

Some types of antihistamines make one sleepy,others do not.This difference is partly attributed to a difference in

A) lipid solubility.
B) the type of receptor involved.
C) ATP-dependence of drug transport.
D) whether or not the drug mimics the hormone melatonin.

Question 73

The only fuel source for neurons under normal circumstances is ________.Low blood levels of this is termed ________,which can lead to confusion,unconsciousness,and eventually death.In order to synthesize enough ATP to continually transport ions,the neurons also exhibit high rates of ________ consumption.To supply these needs about ________% of the blood pumped by the heart goes to the brain.

Question 74

contains corticospinal tracts,the pyramids,and control centers for breathing,swallowing,and blood pressure

Question 75

The ________ is a salty fluid continuously secreted into hollow cavities known as ________.This fluid is secreted into these cavities by the ________,a specialized tissue consisting of capillaries and transport epithelium.

Question 76

There are three divisions of the brain.Make a table and place each of the six regions of the brain in one of the three divisions.

Question 77

A complete spinal cord transection injury results in paralysis,which is the inability to do which of the following?

A) move voluntarily
B) move at all
C) feel
D) move voluntarily and feel
E) move at all and feel

Question 78

Experimental animals become tamer and more sexually active following damage to the

A) amygdala.
B) hippocampus.
C) suprachiamatic nucleus.
D) hypothalamus.
E) corpus callosum.

Question 79

Caffeine and related stimulants exert their effects by

A) mimicking a specific neurotransmitter.
B) inhibiting a specific neurotransmitter.
C) mimicking a specific neuromodulator.
D) inhibiting a specific neuromodulator.

Question 80

General anesthetics keep surgical patients unconscious by reducing activity in the

A) hippocampus.
B) corpus callosum.
C) lateral ventricles.
D) reticular formation.
E) medullary pyramids.