Deck 26: Reproduction and Development

Question 1

Meiosis of one cell results in production of

A) four gametes.
B) one gamete.
C) four gametes if male, one if female.
D) four gametes if female, one if male.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Interstitial cells produce

A) sperm.
B) inhibin.
C) nutrients.
D) androgens.
E) androgen-binding protein.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A zygote with the genotype YO will

A) develop into a male.
B) develop into a female.
C) have Turner's syndrome.
D) have Kleinfelter's syndrome.
E) die.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A zygote with the genotype XO will

A) develop into a female.
B) have Turner's syndrome.
C) develop into a male.
D) die.
E) develop into a female and have Turner's syndrome.

Question 5

Indifferent gonads develop into testes under the influence of

A) androgens.
B) estrogens.
C) peptide or protein hormones.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Mitotic divisions in germ cells

A) are complete before birth.
B) begin at puberty.
C) continue throughout life.
D) end at andropause or menopause.
E) The answer depends on gender.

Question 7

Sperm production occurs in the

A) ductus deferens.
B) seminiferous tubules.
C) epididymis.
D) seminal vesicles.
E) rete testis.

Question 8

Aromatase

A) is an enzyme that inactivates sexual signals after they are smelled.
B) makes one more sensitive to the smell of others.
C) is an enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens.
D) enhances one's response to all signals.

Question 9

Gametes are produced by

A) internal genitalia.
B) external genitalia.
C) gonads.
D) autosomes.
E) sex chromosomes.

Question 10

The product of the SRY gene is

A) testosterone.
B) anti-Müllerian hormone.
C) dihydrotestosterone.
D) 5-α reductase.
E) testis-determining factor.

Question 11

Periodic pulsatile secretion of GnRH appears to be important in

A) delaying sexual maturation and puberty.
B) preventing down-regulation of GnRH receptors.
C) development of muscle responses.
D) correct growth of coronary arteries.

Question 12

The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the

A) membranous urethra.
B) penile urethra.
C) glans penis.
D) corpus spongiosum.
E) corpus cavernosum.

Question 13

During meiosis,the chromosome number is halved

A) during the first meiotic division.
B) during the second meiotic division.
C) prior to the first meiotic division.
D) prior to the first mitotic division.

Question 14

Sister chromatids

A) are found in cells called primary gametes.
B) contain twice the normal amount of DNA.
C) occur during ovum formation.
D) are found in cells called primary gametes and contain twice the normal amount of DNA.
E) are found in cells called primary gametes, contain twice the normal amount of DNA, and occur during ovum formation.

Question 15

In the condition known as cryptorchidism,

A) the testes fail to descend into the scrotum.
B) the testes are surgically removed.
C) the foreskin has been surgically removed.
D) sperm cells are not produced.
E) the prostate gland is enlarged.

Question 16

When allowed to develop,the Müllerian ducts become the

A) fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina.
B) distal vagina, clitoris, and labia.
C) epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles.
D) penis and scrotum.
E) fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vagina, distal vagina, clitoris, and labia.

Question 17

The small paired glands at the base of the penis that produce a lubricating secretion are the

A) seminal vesicles.
B) prostate glands.
C) preputial glands.
D) Bartholin's glands.
E) bulbourethral glands.

Question 18

X-linked genes are expressed

A) more often in males.
B) more often in females.
C) at equal rates in the two genders.

Question 19

Egg and sperm cells have

A) 46 chromosomes.
B) 23 chromosomes.
C) just 22 pairs of autosomes plus one pair of sex chromosomes.
D) 46 chromosomes and 23 chromosomes.
E) 46 chromosomes, 23 chromosomes, and 22 pairs of autosomes plus one pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 20

The fold of skin that covers the tip of the penis is the

A) glans penis.
B) prepuce.
C) corpus cavernosum.
D) corpus spongiosum.
E) penile urethra.

Question 21

The structure that transports the ovum to the uterus is the

A) uterosacral ligament.
B) vagina.
C) fallopian tube.
D) infundibulum.
E) myometrium.

Question 22

Polyspermy in humans results in

A) twins.
B) triplets.
C) individuals with haploid cells.
D) tetraploid adults.
E) a nonfunctional zygote.

Question 23

The chorionic villi

A) form the umbilical cord.
B) form the umbilical vein.
C) form the umbilical arteries.
D) increase the surface area available for exchange between the placenta and the maternal blood.
E) form the portion of the placenta called the decidua capsularis.

Question 24

The structure that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the

A) ductus deferens.
B) rete testis.
C) seminal vesicle.
D) ejaculatory duct.
E) corpus cavernosum.

Question 25

Which of the following occurs during days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle?

A) proliferative phase
B) ovulation
C) menstruation
D) secretory phase

Question 26

The embryo forms from the

A) placenta.
B) morula.
C) inner cell mass of the blastocyst.
D) outer layer of the blastocyst.
E) zona pellucida.

Question 27

The role of the pituitary hormone FSH in males is to

A) stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone.
B) stimulate the Sertoli cells to produce inhibin.
C) initiate sperm production in the testes.
D) develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics.
E) influence sexual behaviors and sex drive.

Question 28

The corpus luteum in a nonpregnant woman usually lasts about

A) 7 days.
B) 12 days.
C) 3 days.
D) 28 days.
E) 3 months.

Question 29

Which of the following occurs during days 6-14 of the menstrual cycle?

A) ovulation
B) menstruation
C) proliferative phase
D) secretory phase

Question 30

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers

A) follicle maturation.
B) menstruation.
C) ovulation.
D) menopause.
E) atresia.

Question 31

Sperm cannot fertilize an egg until they

A) undergo capacitation.
B) undergo activation.
C) undergo decapitation.
D) lose their acrosome.
E) are in the vagina for 3 days.

Question 32

Emission is defined as

A) engorgement of the penis.
B) movement of sperm into the urethra.
C) movement of sperm out of the penis.
D) loss of erection following orgasm.
E) failure to achieve ejaculation.

Question 33

________ decreases ovarian follicle sensitivity to FSH.

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) GnRH
D) LH
E) Anti-Müllerian hormone

Question 34

Which of the following occurs during an erection?

A) The sympathetic nervous system constricts the veins leaving the penis.
B) Blood fills the corpora spongiosum, causing it to engorge.
C) The veins of the corpora cavernosa dilate.
D) The parasympathetic nervous system dilates the arteries going into the penis.

Question 35

The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is

A) LH.
B) FSH.
C) progesterone.
D) estradiol.
E) estrogen.

Question 36

The average length of the menstrual cycle is

A) 10 days.
B) 14 days.
C) 21 days.
D) 28 days.
E) 35 days.

Question 37

The hormone that is the basis for a pregnancy test is

A) LH.
B) progesterone.
C) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
D) human placental lactogen (hPL).
E) relaxin.

Question 38

The cervix is

A) homologous to the penis only.
B) the neck of the uterus only.
C) the sensory tissue of the vagina only.
D) homologous to the penis and the neck of the uterus.
E) homologous to the penis, the neck of the uterus, and the sensory tissue of the vagina.

Question 39

Which form of contraception allows fertilization but prevents implantation?

A) IUD
B) pill
C) female condom
D) diaphragm
E) sponge

Question 40

Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the level(s)of

A) FSH.
B) LH.
C) relaxin.
D) estrogen and progesterone.
E) human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 41

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
A.haploid
B.diploid
mature sperm or egg

Question 42

Match the bipotential structure with its gender-specific result.
A.urethral folds and groove
B.gonad cortex
C.gonad medulla
D.Wolffian duct
E.Müllerian duct
ovary

Question 43

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
A.haploid
B.diploid
spermatogonium or oogonium

Question 44

Match the bipotential structure with its gender-specific result.
A.urethral folds and groove
B.gonad cortex
C.gonad medulla
D.Wolffian duct
E.Müllerian duct
shaft of penis

Question 45

Match the bipotential structure with its gender-specific result.
A.urethral folds and groove
B.gonad cortex
C.gonad medulla
D.Wolffian duct
E.Müllerian duct
uterus

Question 46

Match the bipotential structure with its gender-specific result.
A.urethral folds and groove
B.gonad cortex
C.gonad medulla
D.Wolffian duct
E.Müllerian duct
testis

Question 47

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
A.haploid
B.diploid
germ cell

Question 48

The hormone primarily responsible for the milk let-down reflex is

A) progesterone.
B) oxytocin.
C) prolactin.
D) estrogen.
E) growth hormone.

Question 49

The male gonad is called a ________.

Question 50

The hormone primarily responsible for milk synthesis is

A) progesterone.
B) oxytocin.
C) prolactin.
D) estrogen.
E) growth hormone.

Question 51

Match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes.
A.Leydig cells
B.granulosa cells
C.corpus luteum
D.placenta
progesterone,early in pregnancy

Question 52

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
A.haploid
B.diploid
primary spermatocyte or oocyte

Question 53

During gestation,powerful uterine contractions are suppressed by elevated levels of

A) progesterone.
B) estrogen.
C) oxytocin.
D) prostaglandins.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 54

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
A.haploid
B.diploid
secondary spermatocyte or oocyte

Question 55

The ovaries produce eggs also known as ________.

Question 56

Match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes.
A.Leydig cells
B.granulosa cells
C.corpus luteum
D.placenta
testosterone

Question 57

Match the bipotential structure with its gender-specific result.
A.urethral folds and groove
B.gonad cortex
C.gonad medulla
D.Wolffian duct
E.Müllerian duct
epididymis

Question 58

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the placenta?

A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B) human placental lactogen (hPL)
C) relaxin
D) luteinizing hormone
E) progesterone

Question 59

Match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes.
A.Leydig cells
B.granulosa cells
C.corpus luteum
D.placenta
estrogen in nonpregnant woman

Question 60

Match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes.
A.Leydig cells
B.granulosa cells
C.corpus luteum
D.placenta
human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 61

The inability for a male to obtain or sustain an erection is called ________.

Question 62

________ is the process of sloughing off the old functional layer of the endometrium.

Question 63

The female gonads are called ________.

Question 64

While still undifferentiated,gametes are called ________.

Question 65

A normal sperm count ranges from ________ spermatozoa per milliliter.

Question 66

________ is the time spent in prenatal development.

Question 67

The ________ is the inner lining of the uterus.

Question 68

Parturition is the process of ________.

Question 69

The tail of the sperm is actually a(n)________.

Question 70

Birth control methods are also referred to as ________.

Question 71

Sperm cells are produced by the process of ________.

Question 72

________ is the time when female menstrual cycles stop completely.

Question 73

Human gametes contain ________ chromosomes.

Question 74

Human somatic cells contain ________ chromosomes.

Question 75

The ________ of the sperm contains microtubules and mitochondria.

Question 76

The male gametes are called ________.

Question 77

The ________ is the part of the sperm that contains the enzymes necessary for fertilization.

Question 78

Besides sterilization,the only sure way to avoid pregnancy is ________.

Question 79

The fertilized egg is properly referred to as a ________.

Question 80

The ________ are fingerlike projections at the end of the uterine tube.