Deck 3: Victims and Victimization

Question 1

Which term refers to the long-term psychological impact of experiencing significant trauma?

A)persistent trauma disorder
B)antisocial personality disorder
C)system abuse
D)posttraumatic stress disorder

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to statistics, teens are more likely to become victims of crime. Which is the most likely reason?

A)Much of their time is spent "hanging out" with friends.
B)They spend a great deal of time in vehicles.
C)Much of their time is spent outdoors.
D)Most of their day is spent away from adult supervision.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to victimization data, who commit(s) the majority of crime?

A)two or more offenders
B)juveniles
C)gangs
D)a single offender over age 18 years

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A young man has several drinks and then begins yelling insults at the spectators in front of him at a music concert. The spectators turn and begin yelling back and a fight breaks out. The young man is seriously injured and taken to hospital. Which theory places some of the responsibility on the young man for his victimization in the assault?

A)lifestyle theory
B)victim precipitation theory
C)routine activities theory
D)deviant place theory

Question 5

Steve, 19 years of age and sponsored by his parents, recently immigrated to Canada. Why might he be at a higher risk for hate crime victimization?

A)poor living conditions because of low income
B)an inability to speak fluent English
C)changes in behaviour norms between Canada and the home country
D)Those between the ages of 15 and 21 years are more likely victims of this type of crime.

Question 6

Sam is a college student who is getting ready to return to school. He is searching various neighbourhoods for housing because he has heard that the nature of the neighbourhood could affect his likelihood of being a victim of crime. Which theory is influencing Sam's housing decision?

A)guardianship theory
B)self-fulfilling prophecy theory
C)routine activities theory
D)deviant place theory

Question 7

Which statement about crime victimization in Canada is true?

A)The majority of Canadians will be victims of crime at some time in their lives.
B)Very few Canadians actually experience criminal victimization in their lifetimes.
C)Canadians are more likely to be victims while outside Canada than while at home.
D)Children of today are twice as likely to be crime victims as their parents were.

Question 8

James is among the wealthiest students at his university. According to statistics, what crime is he most likely to be the target of?

A)murder and assault
B)mugging and theft
C)burglary and robbery
D)arson and assault

Question 9

According to victimization data, after what age does victim risk rapidly diminish?

A)18
B)40
C)25
D)21

Question 10

Which term refers to the trauma experienced by victims due to the repeated delays in the court process, the questions and suggestions about the role he or she may have played in the event, and being continually questioned by authorities about the criminal event?

A)victimization syndrome
B)victim precipitation
C)system abuse
D)vicarious trauma

Question 11

Who is the least likely to be a victim of crime?

A)Jim, who has never been married
B)Tim, who was recently widowed after 37 years of marriage
C)Sue, who is engaged to be married after she graduates from university
D)Sara, who was recently divorced after 2 years of marriage

Question 12

According to Statistics Canada, which of the following individuals is at greatest risk of being a victim of a serious crime?

A)Suzy, who is a waitress at a busy downtown nightclub
B)Tom, who is a waiter at a busy downtown lunch shop
C)Mary, who manages at thriving daycare centre
D)Tom, who works varied shifts at a factory

Question 13

Which group of people is at greatest risk for victimization?

A)young people
B)older people
C)married couples
D)everyone is equally at risk

Question 14

Which potential impact of experiencing serious violent victimization is specific to adolescence?

A)the desire to stay in school longer to avoid the "real world" of work
B)the inability of victims to pay for their own therapy because of their age
C)difficulties in school leading to lowered earning potential in later life
D)fewer youth moving out of their parents' homes in their adolescence

Question 15

How does gender affect the likelihood that someone will be a crime victim?

A)Men are twice as likely as women to be victims of crime.
B)Men and women experience similar rates of victimization for similar types of crimes.
C)Men and women experience similar rates of victimization, but the nature of the crimes differs.
D)Women are more likely than men to be victims of violent crime.

Question 16

What was the nature of crime trends between 2004 and 2009 according to the General Social Survey (GSS)?

A)Property and violent victimization rates both rose slightly.
B)Property victimization rates remained stable, while serious and violent victimization rates rose.
C)Property and violent victimization rates did not change measurably.
D)Property victimization rates rose slightly, while serious and violent victimization rates remained stable.

Question 17

Finkelhor and Asigian find that three specific types of characteristics increase the potential for victimization. Which statement best exemplifies target gratifiability?

A)The victim appears vulnerable to the offender.
B)The victim has provoked the offender.
C)The victim has something the offender wants.
D)The victim has a previous relationship to the offender.

Question 18

Which combination would present the ideal crime situation according to the routine activities theory?

A)A teacher carrying a laptop through the halls of the school.
B)A bicycle left in a shed in the backyard of a suburban home.
C)An mp3 player left unattended on a table at a fast food restaurant.
D)A cell phone left in a school locker over the weekend.

Question 19

Statistically, most crime victims know the perpetrator. Which type of crime tends to be the exception to this rule?

A)robbery
B)sexual assault
C)theft
D)murder

Question 20

There is growing evidence that people who are crime victims also seem more likely to commit crime themselves. Which term is used to refer to this phenomenon?

A)cycle of violence
B)crime inheritance
C)learning the ropes
D)violence precipitation

Question 21

The basis of victim precipitation theory is that crime is not a random occurrence, but rather a function of the victim's lifestyle.

Question 22

Minorities and recent immigrants are unlikely to suffer victimization due to racism as Canada has a distinctly multicultural identity.

Question 23

The Canadian Criminal Code requires courts to consider victim impact statements at the time of sentencing.

Question 24

Victims reported that most crimes were committed by a single offender over age 18 years.

Question 25

What type of agencies organize victim witness assistance programs in Canada?

A)counselling
B)court-appointed
C)volunteer
D)governmental

Question 26

There is growing evidence that people who are crime victims also seem more likely to commit crime themselves.

Question 27

Survey findings in victimization patterns indicate that the nature of victimization is random and uncertain.

Question 28

What services are victim-offender reconciliation programs responsible for?

A)providing monetary awards to assist in the recovery of victims
B)offering free legal advice to all parties concerned
C)facilitating mediation sessions between opposing parties
D)maintaining safe distances between victims or witnesses and the accused

Question 29

The wealthy are less likely to become victims of crime than the poor.

Question 30

The Corrections and Conditional Release Act contains provisions to withhold all information from victims about the offender's place of incarceration, their release from custody, and their release location.

Question 31

According to deviant place theory, victims do not encourage crime, but are victim prone because they reside in socially disorganized, high-crime areas.

Question 32

The routine activities theory assumes that motivation to commit crime and the supply of offenders vary from time to time.

Question 33

A business owner has been told to engage in target hardening in order to provide protection against victimization. Which scenario should be put into place?

A)using bars on windows or security guards to minimize the risk of crime
B)implementing a connection with police to ensure quicker response times
C)posting signs in windows about the penalty for break and enter
D)donating money to a local social program aimed at rehabilitating offenders

Question 34

What concept are reconciliation programs based on?

A)the concept of "just desserts"
B)the concept of restorative justice
C)the concept of social ecology
D)the concept of compensation

Question 35

Divorced and never-married males and females are victimized more often than married people.

Question 36

What is the effectiveness of block-watch programs in lowering crime rates?

A)They are more effective in urban centres, where there is greater population density than in smaller towns.
B)They tend not to exist in rural neighbourhoods where they are needed the most.
C)They are generally very effective and are welcome additions to any crime prevention strategy.
D)They are not generally effective, especially in the disrupted neighbourhoods which need the help the most.

Question 37

Victim data reveal that victim risk diminishes rapidly after age 25.

Question 38

Some provinces have courts assigned specifically to deal with domestic violence cases.

Question 39

Women are four times more likely than men to be victims of robbery.

Question 40

Victims of antisocial behaviour are more likely to fall victim to a phenomenon known as "the cycle of violence."

Question 41

The suffering endured by crime victims does not end when their attacker leaves the scene of the crime. Examine the potential for revictimization by the criminal justice system and the possible consequences for society and the victims.

Question 42

Examine race and ethnicity in relation to crime and victimization. Using examples from the text consider the unique circumstances that may apply to visible minorities and new Canadians. Analyze the relevance of their experiences to those experiences of other Canadians found to be in similar circumstances. Explain why this information would be difficult for researchers to collect or publish.

Question 43

Discuss the routine activities theory. Explain how this theory is similar to the lifestyle approach.

Question 44

Social and demographic characteristics distinguish victims and nonvictims. Select three of these characteristics and discuss how they affect victimization.

Question 45

Explain what the lifestyle theory means. Do you agree with the basic premise of this theory? State why or why not.

Question 46

Compare and contrast the lifestyle, deviant place, and routine activities theories.

Question 47

Discuss victimization patterns and trends in terms of both the social ecology of victimization and the victim's household.

Question 48

Recent changes to the Criminal Code reflect the recognition of victims' rights in Canada. Describe and discuss the measures that have been put in place to protect victims and their rights.

Question 49

Discuss the victim precipitation theory. Do you agree with the basic premise of this theory? State why or why not.

Question 50

What do victim data tell us about the relationship between victims and offenders?