Deck 10: Violent Crime

Question 1

Tim grew up in a neighbourhood where fights and disorder are regular occurrences. How would a theorist who focuses on cultural values explain Tim's own violent behaviour?

A)psychological normalization
B)subculture of violence
C)cultural desistence
D)instinctual violence

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Given what research has indicated about the characteristics typically shared by males who are most likely to use violence in a dating relationship, which man is most likely to be a perpetrator?

A)Alan, because he has recently been diagnosed with a personality disorder.
B)Paul, because he plays violent video games in most of his free time and watches pornography on occasion.
C)Carman, because he grew up in an abusive home where his parents regularly left him alone.
D)Stan, because he is quick to anger, and insists that his girlfriend send him regular text messages as to her whereabouts.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the relationship between exposure to violence and an individual's use of violent responses?

A)There is a strong, positive correlation between the two factors.
B)The impact of exposure to violence has not been adequately explored yet.
C)Only about 10 percent of those exposed to violence will resort to violence themselves.
D)There is a strong, negative correlation between the two factors.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

James has committed sexual assault. He is aggressive and callous and believes that violence is manly and that women deserve to be victimized. Which explanation of sexual assault applies to him?

A)He is hypermasculine.
B)He has a chromosomal abnormality (XYY).
C)He has the desire to spread his genes to carry on his lineage.
D)He grew up in a violent home and violence is normal to him.

Question 5

Which characteristic is commonly found in serial rapists and repeat sexual offenders?

A)They tend to come from poor, disadvantaged homes.
B)They are no more likely to have a major mental illness than those in the general population.
C)They are highly likely to demonstrate a psychopathic personality.
D)They are more likely to own a gun than those in the general population.

Question 6

A 48-year-old individual has created a profile on an Internet chat room. The individual presents himself as a 17-year-old male. He develops a relationship with a 12-year-old girl and sets up a time and place to meet. His plan is to meet with the girl and to have sexual contact with her. If he follows through with this, which form of sexual assault will he be guilty of?

A)invitation to sexual touching
B)statutory rape
C)sexual exploitation
D)sexual interference

Question 7

Which term is used to refer to crimes that involve venting rage, anger, or frustration?

A)expressive violence
B)excessive violence
C)instrumental violence
D)institutional violence

Question 8

Which of the following characteristics has research, such as that conducted by Dorothy Otnow Lewis and her associates, found that high risk, violent offenders typically possess?

A)suicidal tendencies
B)addictive personalities
C)sadomasochistic traits
D)major neurological impairment

Question 9

What is one of the most significant hurdles which must be overcome regarding sexual assault cases?

A)determining the most appropriate sentence for repeat offenders
B)addressing the various family members affected by the victim's case
C)determining which of the many sexual assault categories applies to a case
D)stereotypes and bias about men, women, and gender roles

Question 10

In 1983, the Canadian government reformed the laws pertaining to marriage and rape. Which of the following changes was made?

A)The definition of spouse was changed to include common-law partners.
B)Assumed consent was defined.
C)The marital exemption clause was removed.
D)A spousal immunity from prosecution clause was added.

Question 11

Sigmund Freud believed that human aggression and violence are produced by two instinctual drives, one being eros. What is eros?

A)the death instinct
B)the life instinct
C)the expressive instinct
D)the instrumental instinct

Question 12

A woman reluctantly calls the police and reports that she believes she has been raped. She reported that she had been on a second date with a man who, initially, seemed very caring and kind. He was strong and bragged about how physically fit he was. After an evening out at a local bar, he walked her home and began "play" wrestling with her. This continued despite the woman's insistence that he stop. The evening ended with intercourse despite the woman's forceful insistence that he stop on several occasions. Which type of sexual assault has taken place?

A)anger rape
B)power rape
C)exploitation rape
D)sadistic rape

Question 13

Psychologists Neil Jacobson and John Mordechai Gottman found that batterers tend to fall into one of two categories. Which category includes many who were abused as children, who then see inflicting pain and humiliation on their spouses as a part of life?

A)"Pit Bulls"
B)"Cobras"
C)"Vipers"
D)"Lions"

Question 14

What does Sigmund Freud believe to be true about the nature of aggression and violence?

A)Aggression and violence are indicative of individuals with a heightened death instinct.
B)Because aggression and violence are instincts we are born with there is no treatment for them.
C)The expression of aggression and violence may be controlled only through positive parenting which begins at birth.
D)Aggression and violence are learned strategies for dealing with pain and sadness.

Question 15

Which term refers to violence used in order to improve the financial or social position of the criminal?

A)expressive violence
B)excessive violence
C)instrumental violence
D)institutional violence

Question 16

After 1983, revisions to the Canadian Criminal Code replaced the word "rape" with "sexual assault." What was the reason for this?

A)recognition of the violent nature of the act
B)acknowledgement of the sexual nature of the crime
C)to address political correctness issues
D)to align the terminology with that used in medical circles

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a message that a male socialization theorist might suggest that males receive as they are taught about how to be virile men (virility mystique)?

A)Feminine men will have more rewarding encounters with women.
B)Being male is preferable to being female.
C)Sexual conquests are expected, and love and sensitivity are to be downplayed.
D)Saving sexual intimacy for marriage is a show of strength and power.

Question 18

What is meant by the term "heiress stealing"?

A)It is a little-used section of the criminal code referring to kidnapping wealthy women.
B)In the Middle Ages wealthy women were abducted and raped by men who wanted to force them to marry and share their fortunes.
C)It is an outdated term used to refer to the rape and kidnap of young, unattached women.
D)In some cultures it is used to refer to the still accepted notion that married women cannot be raped by their husbands.

Question 19

What charge requires a killer to have intent but not premeditation or deliberation?

A)first-degree murder
B)second-degree murder
C)voluntary manslaughter
D)involuntary manslaughter

Question 20

Which initiative would theorists who support the violent experiences perspective say would have the most profound impact on reducing the prevalence of sexual assault?

A)firewalls on social media web pages to restrict access by previous offenders
B)support for adolescents who have been victims of sexual assault
C)the inclusion of sexual assault brochures in doctors' offices
D)stronger police presence in bars at closing time

Question 21

If a group of youths damage the mailbox and fence at the home of new neighbours because the newcomers are of a different race, what type of hate crime would Jack McDevitt and Jack Levin say has taken place?

A)purity
B)thrill-seeking
C)mission
D)reactive

Question 22

Assault requires no actual touching but may involve either attempted battery or intentionally frightening the victim by word or deed.

Question 23

Political terrorism occurs when a repressive governmental regime forces its citizens into obedience, oppresses minorities, and stifles political dissent.

Question 24

More robberies occur in homes than in public places like parking lots and public parks.

Question 25

Carjacking is legally considered a type of robbery.

Question 26

In Canada, husbands are considered immune from prosecution for raping their wives.

Question 27

In a small community where the town authorities wanted to tear down a religious building to build a shopping centre there was violent action taken by the religious group to protect their building. Which type of terrorism did the group become involved in?

A)political
B)revolutionary
C)cause-based
D)nationalist

Question 28

Although most crime rates are higher in the summer, robberies seem to peak during the winter months.

Question 29

Common assault involves wounding or maiming.

Question 30

The linkage between crime and substance abuse is weak at best.

Question 31

The majority of workplace violence incidents in Canada are sexual assaults.

Question 32

Which of the following best describes the typical robber?

A)a professional who plans carefully for the largest reward using the most sophisticated methods to avoid detection
B)an amateur who engages in some planning for targeting places or people lacking guardianship
C)an alcoholic or drug addict who acts spontaneously to get funds to satisfy their addiction
D)an opportunistic individual who is drawn in by the thrill of planning and executing and escaping detection

Question 33

Throughout history most societies have experienced some form of terrorism.

Question 34

In 1983 the term sexual assault was replaced with various levels of rape.

Question 35

Very few homicides in Canada are committed by strangers.

Question 36

Assault requires offensive touching, such as slapping, hitting, or punching a victim.

Question 37

Which elements must be present in order to meet the definition of criminal harassment?

A)The victim must express fear for his or her life in order for such a charge to be laid.
B)The behaviour must, if it occurs in the workplace, be reported to a supervisor prior to involving the police.
C)The victim must have a previously established relationship with the accused.
D)The bothersome behaviour must be repeated or severe enough after one instance to warrant an immediate threat.

Question 38

Some disturbed individuals see it as their duty to rid the world of evil. These individuals often engage in reactive hate crimes.

Question 39

Most stranger homicides happen in conjunction with another crime.

Question 40

A student was walking down the hall at her college and saw an open classroom with various bags and purses on desks unattended. She dashed in quickly and took a wallet out of a purse without being noticed. What type of robber is she?

A)impersonal robber
B)drug-addicted robber
C)opportunistic robber
D)professional robber

Question 41

Despite cultural awareness and various initiatives in schools and in the media, hate crimes continue to happen in significant numbers in Canada. Discuss the types of hate crimes most prevalent in Canada and the current responses to them.

Question 42

Rape is one of the most loathed, misunderstood, and feared crimes. Discuss what your text tells us about date rape and marital rape.

Question 43

Discuss what the research tells us about the nature and extent of spousal abuse.

Question 44

Explain what can be done to prevent or eliminate violence in schools and the workplace. Draw from theories and research using any chapter of your text to support your answer.

Question 45

Discuss the concept of workplace violence and explain which factors precipitate it. Use examples drawn from the text.

Question 46

Several types of robbers have been identified. Discuss each type, and then discuss what the research tells us about their racial, gender, and age preferences of victims.

Question 47

Governments have tried numerous responses to terrorism. Discuss some of these responses.

Question 48

Examine the potential nature and nurture impacts on children which many argue affect likelihood of engaging in violent behaviour.

Question 49

There are different levels or degrees of homicide. Discuss these degrees using examples from your text to illustrate.

Question 50

Discuss what your text tells us about serial murderers. What does the research tell us about gender differences and serial murderers?