Deck 26: Fungi Eumycota

Question 1

Although mating in yeast strains leads to sexual reproduction,asexual reproduction by budding predominates when cultured on rich growth medium.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Fungi digest macromolecules by _________.

A)phagocytosis
B)intracellular digestion
C)extracellular enzyme activity
D)active transport

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The ustilaginomycete Ustilago maydis is _____________; plant-associated fungi grow in the _____________ form but are yeastlike in the external environment.

Answer 3

dimorphic; mycelial

Question 4

Diseases in animals caused by fungi are called __________.

A)funguses
B)mycoses
C)dictyoses
D)cystoses

Question 5

Fungal spores are usually responsible for the bright colors and fluffy textures of the molds that produce them.

Question 6

Fungi are found primarily in which of the following environments?

A)Marine
B)Freshwater
C)Terrestrial
D)Arboreal

Question 7

Edible truffles are in the fungal group termed __________,while edible mushrooms are in the fungal group termed __________.

Question 8

The ______________ are fungi that lack mitochondria,peroxisomes,and centrioles.

Question 9

Fungi form functional associations with which of the following?

A)Plant roots
B)Phototrophic microbes
C)Animals
D)Plant roots and phototrophic microbes

Question 10

Which of the following is not true about yeast?

A)Yeast contain two or more nuclei.
B)Yeast reproduce either asexually by budding or sexually through spore formation.
C)Yeast are larger than most bacteria.
D)Yeast possess eukaryotic organelles.

Question 11

The common fungus Polyporus squamous forms large shelf-like structures that project from the lower portion of dead trees.

Question 12

Fungi are essential in industrial production of food and spirits.

Question 13

Like some bacteria,fungal cells secrete enzymes that promote exodigestion after which the released nutrients are transported into the cell across the plasma membrane.

Question 14

Yeast are true eukaryotes with a nucleus,mitochondria,and other membrane bound organelles including flagella.

Question 15

Most fungi secure their nutrients from dead organic matter and are therefore called _________.

Question 16

Most basidiomycetes are autotrophs that decompose plant debris,especially cellulose and lignin.

Question 17

The primary ecological function of fungi is that of __________.

A)producer
B)consumer
C)pathogen
D)decomposer

Question 18

Some chytrids have true mycelia,but others may consist of a single cell or a small multinucleate mass.

Question 19

Recent analysis indicates that the chytrids are the most primitive division of fungi and that a single event resulted in the loss of flagella in the more advanced fungi.

Question 20

When infecting host plants,Glomeromycetes form specialized flat hyphae called __________ that enable penetration and subsequent reproduction within the host.

Question 21

The hallucinogen LSD is a product of _________.

A)yeasts
B)zygomycetes
C)ascomycetes
D)basidiomycetes

Question 22

The fruiting body of members of the Basidiomycota can produce millions of _________.

A)gametes
B)spores
C)rhizoids
D)zygotes

Question 23

Features that are useful for identification of fungal species include

A)size,shape color and number of spores.
B)presence of a membrane bound nucleus.
C)ability to produce chlorophyll a.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

The _________________________ are of critical ecological importance because most are endomycorrhizal symbionts of vascular plants.

A)Glomeromycota
B)Basidiomycota
C)Deuteromycota
D)Zygomycota

Question 25

Which of the following yeasts is not pathogenic to humans?

A)Saccharomyces
B)Candida
C)Cryptococcus
D)Saccharomyces and Cryptococcus

Question 26

The common bread mold Rhizopus stolonifer belongs to the _________.

A)Zygomycota
B)Ascomycota
C)Basidiomycota
D)Glomeromycota

Question 27

Fungi

A)absorb nutrients from the environment.
B)take in food by phagocytosis.
C)generate ATP and reducing equivalents by photosynthesis.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 28

All of the following are included in the Basidiomycetes EXCEPT _________.

A)stolons
B)puffballs
C)yeasts
D)smuts

Question 29

The toxin that allows Rhizopus to cause the rice disease known as seedling blight is actually produced by _________________ growing within the fungus.

A)Burkholderia
B)Clostridium
C)Staphylococcus
D)Burkholderia and Staphylococcus,but not Clostridium
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 30

Which of the following is not found among the zygomycetes?

A)Saprophytic nutrition
B)Nonseptate hyphae
C)Flagellated cells
D)Fusion of gametes

Question 31

Asexual reproduction in fungi can be accomplished by

A)binary fission.
B)hyphal fragmentation.
C)budding of somatic vegetative cells.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 32

The ____________of the glomeromycetes do not penetrate host root cells; instead,the fungal hyphae grow between and around cells.

A)arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae
B)progametangia hyphae
C)ectomycorrhizal hyphae
D)stolon hyphae

Question 33

The ascomycetes are named for their characteristic reproductive structure called a(n)_________.

A)hypha
B)ascus
C)thallus
D)ascocarp

Question 34

The fungus used in the production of saki and soy sauce is _________.

A)Aspergillus oryzae
B)Aspergillus fumigatus
C)Aspergillus nidulans
D)Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 35

Asexual spores such as conidia develop by the process of _________.

A)meiosis
B)mitosis
C)parthenogenesis
D)fission

Question 36

The tangled mass or tissue-like aggregation in a mold is called a _________.

A)hyphae
B)hypha
C)mycelium
D)thallus

Question 37

The sac fungi are distinguished from all other groups of fungi because their reproductive structures are _________.

A)inside an ascus
B)borne on basidia
C)zygospores
D)motile

Question 38

Zygomycetes live on _________.

A)bread
B)organic matter in the soil
C)fruits and vegetables
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 39

Asexual reproduction is common in the filamentous ascomycetes and is associated with the production of _________.

A)basidia
B)conidia
C)ascospores
D)zoospores

Question 40

Fungi

A)are eukaryotic organisms.
B)produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions.
C)are prokaryotes or eukaryotes,depending on the species.
D)produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions and are prokaryotes or eukaryotes,depending on the species.

Question 41

Which of the following genetic notations refers to a dikaryotic fungal stage?

A)n
B)2n
C)n + n
D)2n +2n
E)2n + n

Question 42

The spores that are released when the zygospore splits open are_____________.

A)diploid
B)triploid
C)haploid
D)motile
E)sterile

Question 43

Which of the following strategies of sexual reproduction will result in the most genetic diversity?

A)Sexual reproduction of homothallic species
B)Sexual reproduction via sporangiospores
C)Sexual reproduction via arthroconidia
D)Sexual reproduction of heterothallic species

Question 44

Fungi are decomposers,converting carbon from CO₂ into organic macromolecules.

Question 45

Which of the following best describes a dikaryotic fungus?

A)A fungus in which the hyphae repeatedly branch forming a network
B)A stage in sexual reproduction of some fungi in which plasmogamy has occurred,but karyogamy has not
C)A stage in sexual reproduction of some fungi,in which both plasmogamy and karyogamy have occurred
D)A fungus that produces a branched fruiting body

Question 46

A newly described fungal species has been isolated from the rumen of sheep.It is microscopic,unicellular,and produces spores that have a flagellum.This species will most likely be classified as a/an _________.

A)Basidiomycete
B)Ascomycete
C)Microsporidia
D)Glomerulomycete
E)Chytridomycete

Question 47

All of the following are common habitats or hosts of chytrids EXCEPT _________.

A)freshwater
B)mud
C)soil
D)the human intestine
E)insects

Question 48

Rhizopus will switch from asexual to sexual reproduction when it is in an unfavorable,nutrient-poor environment.

Question 49

Among the fungi,which feature is uniquely present in the chydrids?

A)Cell wall composed of mannans
B)Pellicle
C)Polysaccharide capsule
D)Flagella

Question 50

Chytrids usually develop long branching hyphae that form a visible mycelium on the surface of leaf litter in the soil.

Question 51

In which of the following is the presence of different mating types critical to sexual reproduction?

A)Homothallic species
B)Heterothallic species
C)Sporangiospore-producing species
D)Arthrospore-producigin species

Question 52

Tempeh and sufu are food products made from soybeans.Which fungal group is responsible for the production of these two food products?

A)Basidomycetes
B)Ascomycetes
C)Glomerulomycetes
D)Zygomycetes
E)Microsporidia

Question 53

During sexual reproduction,Saccharomyces cerevisiae forms haploid spores that are enclosed in a sac.Therefore Saccharomyces is classified as a/an ____________________.

A)glomerulomycete
B)ascomycete
C)basidiomycete
D)cryptomycete
E)chytrid

Question 54

Human pathogens of the genus Encephalitozoon belong to the _________.

A)Microsporidia
B)Glomeromycota
C)Urediniomycetes
D)Chytridiomycota

Question 55

A basidium

A)is found within basidiocarp (fruiting body).
B)is produced at the tip of hyphae.
C)is club-shaped.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 56

Toadstools are good examples of _______.

A)zygomycetes
B)ascomycetes
C)basidiomycetes
D)yeasts

Question 57

The rusts of grain crops are good examples of _________.

A)ascomycetes
B)basidiomycetes
C)zygomycetes
D)Rusts fall in several different fungal groupings.

Question 58

In mushrooms,the sexual spores are produced in a(n)_________.

A)basidium
B)ascus
C)sporophyte
D)sporangiophore

Question 59

Which fungal group includes organisms used for the manufacture of anesthetics,birth control agents,industrial alcohols,meat tenderizers,and yellow food coloring?

A)Basidomycetes
B)Ascomycetes
C)Glomerulomycetes
D)Zygomycetes
E)Microsporidia

Question 60

What group of fungi is largely responsible for the reduction in amphibian populations worldwide?

A)Chytridomycetes
B)Basidiomycetes
C)Glomerulomycetes
D)Ascomycetes
E)Microsporidia

Question 61

During sexual reproduction,Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces blastospores.

Question 62

Which of the following organisms produces the toxin associated with St.Anthony's Fire (ergotism)?

A)Aspergillus nidulans
B)Claviceps purpurea
C)Amanita phalloides
D)Stachybotrys chartarum

Question 63

On what basis have Microsporidia been classified as fungi?

A)Lack of mitochondria
B)Presence of mitosomes
C)Analysis of ribosomal RNA
D)Presence of a polar tube
E)Role as an obligate intracellular parasite

Question 64

What is the function of sclerotia?

A)Survival in stressful conditions
B)Sexual reproduction
C)Asexual reproduction
D)Waste disposal

Question 65

Which of the following organisms is responsible for "sick building syndrome?"

A)Aspergillus nidulans
B)Claviceps purpurea
C)Amanita phalloides
D)Stachybotrys chartarum

Question 66

Microsporidia have a unique organelle,the ______________ _______________ that is used to invade the host cell.
or

Question 67

Which of the following conditions would encourage the development of sclerotia?

A)Nutrient-rich
B)Warm,humid
C)Nutrient-poor
D)Nutrient-rich and warm and humid