Deck 22: The Proteobacteria

Question 1

Rickettsia species are unable to use glucose as a carbon and energy source,but can use glutamate or succinate.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A ______ is a hollow tubelike structure that surrounds a chain of cells.

Answer 2

sheath

Question 3

Caulobacter is a genus of bacteria with a unique cell division cycle that yields two morphologically distinct cell types.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The process of conversion of ammonia to nitrate is referred to as _______.

A)nitrogen fixation
B)nitrification
C)ammonification
D)denitrification

Question 5

Although discussed with the bacteria,Rickettsias are small obligate intracellular parasites and are therefore more properly classified as viruses.

Question 6

Species of the genus Hyphomicrobium are budding bacteria that attach to solid objects and are ______.

A)found in marine and freshwater environments
B)aerobic chemoheterotrophs
C)able to reproduce by budding
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Rickettsias are not ______.

A)able to use glucose as an energy source
B)the cause of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
C)obligate intracellular parasites
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the photosynthetic membranes of the purple nonsulfur bacteria?

A)The photosynthetic membranes are attached to the plasma membrane but not continuous with it.
B)The photosynthetic membranes are not associated with the plasma membrane.
C)The photosynthetic membranes are continuous with the plasma membrane.
D)There are no photosynthetic membranes in the purple nonsulfur bacteria.

Question 9

Most of the oligotrophic proteobacteria are found in the _______.

A)alpha proteobacteria
B)beta proteobacteria
C)gamma proteobacteria
D)delta proteobacteria

Question 10

Members of the genus Rhizobium

A)infect broad-leaved plants and cause crown gall disease.
B)are free living soil bacteria that fix nitrogen.
C)grow symbiotically in root nodules of legumes where they fix nitrogen.
D)are important nitrifying bacteria that convert nitrite to nitrate.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of Agrobacterium tumefaciens?

A)It is capable of nitrogen fixation.
B)It causes crown gall disease when it carries a tumor inducing (Ti)plasmid.
C)It can enter plants through unbroken leaf tissue.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

The purple nonsulfur bacteria

A)grow anaerobically as photoorganoheterotrophs.
B)utilize organic molecules as a source of electrons for photosynthesis.
C)typically can grow aerobically in the dark as chemoorganoheterotrophs.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following genera include bacteria with stalks?

A)Vibrio
B)Campylobacter
C)Caulobacter
D)Rhizobium

Question 14

An appendage that is an extension of the bacterial cell wall and plasma membrane is a(n)______.

A)flagellum
B)prostheca
C)pilus
D)mycelium

Question 15

The class of proteobacteria that may be incorporated into the gamma proteobacteria is the ______.

A)alpha proteobacteria
B)beta proteobacteria
C)delta proteobacteria
D)epsilon proteobacteria

Question 16

Rickettsias enter host cells by inducing ______.

Question 17

The stalk of Caulobacter increases in the surface area of the cell,which facilitates absorption of nutrients from nutrient poor environments.

Question 18

Which of the following genera grow symbiotically within root nodules of legumes as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids?

A)Agrobacterium
B)Rhizobium
C)Nitrosomonas
D)Bacteroides

Question 19

An organism that uses methane or methanol as its sole carbon and energy source is called a ______.

A)methanogen
B)methylotroph
C)methanotroph
D)methylogen

Question 20

Members of the genus Rhizobium,when growing symbiotically within root nodule cells,are referred to as ______.

Question 21

Members of the genus Pseudomonas

A)are aerobes that mineralize a wide variety of organic compounds.
B)are obligate intracellular parasites.
C)form cysts when starved for nutrients.
D)perform anaerobic photosynthesis.

Question 22

Which of the following is/are true of the sheath of Leptothrix?

A)Attaches bacteria to surfaces
B)May contain ferric and manganic oxides
C)Helps protect against microbial predators
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

Whooping cough is caused by ______.

A)Klebsiella pneumoniae
B)Vibrio parahaemolyticus
C)Bordetella pertussis
D)Yersinia pestis

Question 24

A genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae that is a major pathogen of crop plants is ______.

A)Yersinia
B)Erwinia
C)Proteus
D)Shigella

Question 25

Bacteria that naturally exhibit bioluminescence have been found in which of the following genera?

A)Vibrio
B)Shigella
C)Pasteurella
D)Pseudomonas

Question 26

Which of the following genera fix nitrogen nonsymbiotically?

A)Rhizobium
B)Nitrosomonas
C)Nitrobacter
D)Azotobacter

Question 27

Which of the following is not true about Methylococcus and Methylomonas?

A)They are strict anaerobes.
B)Most species are capable of forming cysts.
C)They contain complex arrays of intracellular membranes when using methane.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

The largest group of proteobacteria are the ______.

A)alpha proteobacteria
B)beta proteobacteria
C)gamma proteobacteria
D)delta proteobacteria

Question 29

Coxiella burnetii is responsible for ______.

A)Q-fever
B)Rocky Mountain spotted fever
C)Lyme disease
D)Typhoid fever

Question 30

Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be a particular problem with ______.

A)pneumonia patients
B)decay of iron pipes under anaerobic conditions
C)myasthenia gravis patients
D)cystic fibrosis patients

Question 31

Sheaths of the bacterium Sphaerotilus are tubelike structures that are in intimate contact with the chain of cells that they enclose.

Question 32

Methylotrophic bacteria

A)are strict anaerobes.
B)use reduced one-carbon compounds as their main source of carbon.
C)are members of the Archaea based on 16S rRNA sequencing.
D)produce methane as a by-product of their metabolism.

Question 33

Which of the following organisms causes plague?

A)Bordetella pertussis
B)Yersinia pestis
C)Helicobacter pylori
D)Campylobacter jejuni

Question 34

Members of the genus Neisseria cause which of the following human diseases?

A)Gonorrhea
B)Syphilis
C)Genital herpes
D)Diarrhea gastroenteritis

Question 35

Coxiella burnetii reproduces in the ______________ of a eukaryotic host cell.

A)cytoplasm
B)phagolysosome
C)nucleus
D)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 36

Beggiatoa are ______.

A)obligate aerobes
B)facultative anaerobes
C)microaerophiles
D)obligate anaerobes

Question 37

Members of the genus Salmonella are common causes of ______.

A)gastroenteritis
B)pneumonia
C)meningitis
D)urinary tract infections

Question 38

Species of the genus Thiobacillus

A)oxidize inorganic sulfur compounds and produce ATP.
B)produce acids that leach metals out of ore.
C)are ubiquitous in soil,freshwater,and marine environments.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 39

The causative agent of cholera in humans is a member of the genus ______.

A)Escherichia
B)Vibrio
C)Enterobacter
D)Shigella

Question 40

Mineralization refers to

A)the breakdown of organic materials to inorganic materials.
B)the release of various minerals from ores.
C)the utilization of minerals as energy sources.
D)the incorporation of inorganic material into organic materials.

Question 41

The enterobacteria in the order Enterobacteriales are readily distinguishable from one another by morphological criteria.

Question 42

The genus Desulfovibrio

A)is a strict anaerobe.
B)uses sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration.
C)produces H₂S.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 43

Helicobacter pylori is responsible for ______.

A)pneumonia
B)cholera
C)dysentery
D)peptic ulcer disease

Question 44

Methylotrophic bacteria generate ATP by oxidizing methane to methanol then to formaldehyde,which is excreted.

Question 45

Filamentous microbial mats in anoxic,sulfide-rich cave springs are dominated by members of the ______.

A)alpha proteobacteria
B)beta proteobacteria
C)delta proteobacteria
D)epsilon proteobacteria

Question 46

Myxobacteria lyse bacteria and yeasts by secretion of digestive enzymes.They then use the resulting peptides and amino acids as a source of which of the following?

A)Phosphate
B)Nitrogen
C)Iron
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 47

Escherichia coli has not been found to be pathogenic in humans.

Question 48

Members of the order Desulfovibrionales use which of the following as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration?

A)Elemental sulfur or sulfate
B)O₂
C)CO₂
D)Organic acids and alcohols

Question 49

Because of the similarity in cellular morphology among the Enterobacteriales,biochemical or genetic tests are needed for identification of particular genera and species.

Question 50

Campylobacter jejuni is the cause of ______.

A)abortion in sheep and enteritis diarrhea in humans
B)wilt disease in plants
C)fowl cholera
D)meningitis

Question 51

The genus Bdellovibrio

A)form long filaments called trichomes.
B)prey on gram negative bacteria by becoming an intracellular parasite.
C)use reduced sulfur compounds as a source of energy.
D)are responsible for causing diarrhea in humans.

Question 52

In the genus Caulobacter,asymmetric transverse fission produces a flagellated that adheres to surfaces.

Question 53

Nautiliaceae are chemolithoautotrophs from deep-sea _________ vent ecosystems

Question 54

Haemophilus influenzae type b is a causative agent of meningitis in children.

Question 55

Biochemical tests are no longer very important for the identification of enteric bacteria.

Question 56

Most myxobacteria

A)are micropredators because they secrete digestive enzymes that lyse bacteria and yeasts.
B)have the ability to aggregate and form a fruiting body under conditions of nutrient limitation.
C)produce desiccation resistant dormant myxospores.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 57

An example of purple photosynthetic bacteria metabolic flexibility is seen in Rhodospirillum rubrum using a "decision-making" process; in oxic conditions,the bacterium uses fermentation,photoheterotrophy,or photoautotrophy versus when oxygen is not present that the photosynthetic apparatus is used to grow chemoorganotrophically.

Question 58

In which of the following regions in the host bacterium are you most likely to find Bdellovibrio?

A)The cytoplasm
B)The nucleoid
C)The space between the cell wall and plasma membrane
D)The cell nucleus

Question 59

Members of the genus Thiothrix are sheathed bacteria that can replicate by releasing gonidia from the open end of the sheath.

Question 60

Escherichia coli is a good indicator of fecal contamination of water supplies.

Question 61

When using as an electron donor.

Question 62

In general,the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)can oxidize carbon substrates such as lactate,formate,butyrate,propionate,pyruvate,or aromatic compounds to acetate.

Question 63

In dissimilatory sulfate reduction by Desulfovibrio,electrons are passed out of the cell,where they are used to reduce sulfide completely to sulfate.

Question 64

Recently a methanotrophic proteobacterium was reported that oxidizes methane in anoxic environments by coupling methanotrophy with nitrite reduction,known as _______.In this process of reducing nitrite (NO₂^-)to nitrogen gas (N₂),molecular oxygen is released within the microbe,which it harnesses for methane oxidation.

Question 65

All terrestrial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are $\beta$ -proteobacteria,including Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira in the Nitrosomonadaceae family.

Question 66

In nitrification,electrons are donated to an electron transport chain from ammonia or from nitrite to be oxidized to serving as the terminal electron acceptor.

Question 67

Of the can be used either as reductants for biosynthesis or be donated to the electron transport chain to reduce the terminal electron acceptor,oxygen.

Question 68

The enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH)splits formic acid to H₂ and CO₂ and is crucial to survival during fermentation because if fermentive intermediates were allowed to accumulate within the cell,the internal pH would become far too _______ to support viability.

A)hypertonic
B)acidic
C)hypotonic
D)alkaline

Question 69

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria obtain ATP via as an electron acceptor.

Question 70

Nitrifiers are chemolithoautotrophs that use either as electron donors in a process called nitrification.

Question 71

The use of metals as terminal electron acceptors is/are known as _______ because the metals are not incorporated into biomass.

A)dissimilatory metal reduction
B)metallo-neutral
C)Fenton reactions
D)negative metallic addition

Question 72

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)are very important in the cycling of sulfur within ecosystems because significant amounts of sulfate are present in almost all aquatic and terrestrial habitats,making SRB widespread and active.

Question 73

Which of the following is recognized as a microbe capable of nitrification?

A)Nitrosomonas europaea
B)Purple nonsulfur bacteria
C)Hyphomicrobium spp.
D)Red photosynthetic bacteria

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the purple photosynthetic bacteria photosynthetic apparatus?

A)Apparatus is straight to decrease surface area and contain reactions
B)Performs anoxygenic photosynthesis
C)Possesses bacteriochlorophylls a or b
D)Apparatus is continuous with the plasma membrane
E)Has intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMs)to provide space for photosynthetic units (PSUs)

Question 75

Species of Shewanella,Geobacter,and some cyanobacteria have evolved a strategy to enable their use of insoluble compounds as electron acceptors: the production of electrically conductive _______ that transfer electrons from the terminal point in the ETC to a metal surface.
or
or

Question 76

One strategy used by dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria that enable their use of insoluble compounds as electron acceptors is to localize cytochromes in the outer membrane,rather than the plasma membrane to enable the direct transfer of electrons from cytochromes to the extracellular metal.

Question 77

Because of their environments and physiology,there is great interest in using members of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)Shewanella and Geobacter in bioremediation or to generate electricity in microbial fuel cells.

Question 78

A strategy used by dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria that enable their use of insoluble compounds as electron acceptors is to transfer electrons to the metal via external,intermediary compounds such as
.

Question 79

Sulfate- or sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB)are united by their ability to reduce during anaerobic respiration.

Question 80

In an electron transport chain capable of dissimilatory sulfate reduction,the oxidation of sulfate to sulfide requires to form APS.