Deck 21: The Deinococci, Mollicutes, and Nonproteobacterial Gram-Negative Bacteria

Question 1

The member of the domain Bacteria whose genome shows it to be most closely related to the Archaea is _______.

A)Thermotoga
B)Aquifex
C)Deinococcus
D)Synechococcus

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A trichome is a bacterial cell with three different photosynthetic pigments.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Some species of cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Aquifex cannot use which of the following as electron donors?

A)Hydrogen
B)Thiosulfate
C)Sulfur
D)Glucose

Question 5

Members of the phylum Thermotogae can be found growing in

A)marine hydrothermal vents and terrestrial solfataric hot springs.
B)marine salterns of the shore of the Dead Sea.
C)soils of the Antarctic.
D)the intestinal tract of mammals.

Question 6

Which of the following bacteria is both photosynthetic and Gram-positive?

A)Purple bacteria
B)Green bacteria
C)Heliobacteria
D)Cyanobacteria
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Thermotogae can grow anaerobically on which of the following?

A)Methane and methanol
B)Protein digests and carbohydrates
C)Lignin
D)Cellulose

Question 8

The ability of the deinococci to resist radiation is due in part to an unusual ability to repair chromosome damage,even fragmentation.

Question 9

Which of the following are used by cyanobacteria for reproduction?

A)Binary fission
B)Budding
C)Fragmentation
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Green sulfur bacteria are nonmotile but can control their depth by using gas vesicles to control buoyancy.

Question 11

Which of the following is extremely radiation resistant?

A)Deinococcus
B)Aquifex
C)Thermotoga
D)Cytophaga

Question 12

The phylum _______ is thought to represent the oldest branch of the bacteria.

A)Thermotogae
B)Aquificae
C)Cyanobacteria
D)Spirochetes

Question 13

Cyanobacteria are so named because many species have a blue-green appearance caused by the photosynthetic pigment phycocyanin.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the photosynthetic membranes of Chlorobia?

A)Accessory bacteriochlorophylls are located in the chlorosomes but the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll is located in the plasma membrane.
B)Accessory bacteriochlorophylls are located in the plasma membrane but the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll is located in the chlorosomes.
C)Accessory and reaction center bacteriochlorophylls are located in the chlorosomes.
D)Accessory and reaction center bacteriochlorophylls are located in the plasma membrane.

Question 15

Some cyanobacteria form __________,which are comprised of chains of bacterial cells that are in close contact with one another over a large area.

A)hypha
B)mycelia
C)trichromes
D)cell mats

Question 16

Cyanobacteria capable of fixing atmospheric N₂ always produce heterocysts.

Question 17

Prochlorophytes lack which of the following?

A)Chlorophyll a
B)Chlorophyll b
C)Phycobilins
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 18

The chlorosomes of Chlorobia are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid-derived baseplate.

Question 19

Deinococci can be isolated from ground meat,feces,air,freshwater,and other sources,but their natural habitat is soil.

Question 20

The Deinococci stain Gram-positive but have a layered cell wall and an outer membrane that is more like a Gram-negative organism.

Question 21

Unique features of the planctomycetes include ______.

A)resistance to ionizing radiation
B)their size: some are as large as protozoa
C)a membrane-bound nuclear region
D)twitching fimbriae that are required for motility

Question 22

Large spherical cells of cyanobacteria that are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen are referred to as _______.

A)heterocysts
B)microcysts
C)oocysts
D)nitrocysts

Question 23

Which of the following best describes cyanobacteria?

A)They carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis.
B)They carry out oxygenic photosynthesis.
C)They all can use H₂S as a source of electrons for photosynthesis.
D)Their photosynthetic pigments are carried in chlorosomes.

Question 24

The photosynthetic membranes of the green sulfur bacteria are called _______.

A)chlorosomes
B)chloroplasts
C)chlorocytes
D)chlorophylls

Question 25

Dormant,thick-walled resting cells of cyanobacteria that are resistant to desiccation are called _______.

A)baeocytes
B)akinetes
C)hormogonia
D)thylakoids

Question 26

Some cyanobacteria are not blue-green,rather they are red or brown; this is due to the presence of the photosynthetic pigment __________.

Question 27

Although similar to eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms,cyanobacteria are different because they

A)have only photosystem I not photosystem II.
B)have only photosystem II not photosystem I.
C)do not have chloroplasts.
D)do not have any photosynthetic membranes.

Question 28

Which of the following groups of photosynthetic bacteria are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis?

A)The green bacteria
B)The purple bacteria
C)The cyanobacteria
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following are photosynthetic bacteria?

A)The green bacteria
B)The purple bacteria
C)The cyanobacteria
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 30

Which of the following accumulates sulfur granules inside the cell?

A)Purple sulfur bacteria
B)Green sulfur bacteria
C)Cyanobacteria
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 31

The green sulfur bacteria are ______.

A)obligate anaerobes
B)facultative anaerobes
C)microaerophilic
D)either obligate anaerobes or facultative anaerobes

Question 32

Cyanobacteria modulate the relative amounts of their different photopigments in response to the wavelength of incident light by a process known as ______.

A)chromatic adaptation
B)wavelength adaptation
C)adaptive photopigmentation
D)light shifting

Question 33

Cyanobacteria are best described as

A)all being obligate photolithoautotrophs.
B)all being obligate chemoheterotrophs.
C)some being photolithoautotrophs that can function as chemoheterotrophs in the dark.
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 34

Some anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria use __________ as their electron source.

A)hydrogen sulfide
B)sulfur
C)hydrogen
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 35

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis like green plants; this means that

A)they use water as their electron source.
B)they produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis.
C)they have two distinct photosystems.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 36

Some marine species of cyanobacteria

A)have flagella and are,therefore,motile.
B)do not have flagella and are,therefore,nonmotile.
C)do not have flagella but are,nonetheless,motile by some unknown mechanism.
D)do not have flagella but are motile by means of pseudopods.

Question 37

Which of the following contain both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b?

A)Cyanobacteria
B)Prochloron
C)Green sulfur bacteria
D)Purple sulfur bacteria

Question 38

Which of the following is not true about anoxygenic photosynthesis?

A)Does not produce oxygen
B)Often produces sulfur granules
C)Water is the usual source of electrons for photosynthesis
D)Does not produce oxygen and often produces sulfur granules

Question 39

Which of the following genera of the Planctomycetales have a stalk as part of their mechanism for attachment to surfaces?

A)Gemmata
B)Priullela
C)Planctomyces
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 40

The green sulfur bacteria ______.

A)deposit granules within the cell
B)deposit granules outside the cell
C)deposit granules within and outside the cell
D)do not deposit granules

Question 41

Many bacteria that exhibit gliding motility are able to use as a nutrient source insoluble material that they encounter while gliding.

Question 42

Nitrogen fixation in the hindgut of the termite is carried out by _______.

A)cyanobacteria
B)Bacteroides
C)deinococci
D)spirochetes

Question 43

The part of the spirochete that houses the cytoplasm and the nucleoid of spirochetes is called the _______ cylinder.

A)ectoplasmic
B)cytoplasmic
C)protoplasmic
D)mesoplasmic

Question 44

Although the function of the flexible outer sheath in which the axial filaments of spirochetes lay is unknown,it is essential (i.e.,the bacteria will not survive if it is removed).

Question 45

Spherical resting cells produced by Sporocytophaga are called ______.

A)heterocysts
B)microcysts
C)oocysts
D)nitrocysts

Question 46

Gliding motility can be used to propel bacteria ______.

A)through the air only
B)through liquids only
C)across solid substrates only
D)along the framework of the cytoskeleton of host cells

Question 47

Gliding motility is a mechanism used by some prokaryotes to swim slowly through liquids.

Question 48

Elementary bodies of chlamydiae are specialized for reproduction rather than infection.

Question 49

The complex of periplasmic flagella that mediates the movement of spirochetes is referred to as the ______.

A)periplasmic flagella
B)axillary filament
C)axial filament
D)peritrichal axon
E)periplasmic flagella or axial filament

Question 50

Member of the genus Cytophaga contribute significantly to the process of wastewater treatment.

Question 51

Chlamydiae are incapable of producing many key metabolites,for which they must rely on their host.

Question 52

It is estimated that anammox and the anammox reaction may contribute as much as 20% to the cycling of nitrogen in the world's oceans.

Question 53

A unique feature of the _________ that distinguishes them from other bacteria is their ability to move through highly viscous liquids.

Question 54

Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of Chlamydia trachomatis suggests that it may be able to synthesize some of its own ATP.

Question 55

The spirochetes include the causative agents for ______.

A)gonorrhea
B)Lyme disease
C)plague
D)whooping cough

Question 56

As much as ______ of the bacteria isolated from human feces belong to the genus Bacteroides.

A)0.1%
B)2.0%
C)30%
D)90%

Question 57

The infectious stage of chlamydiae is called a(n)______ body.

A)elementary
B)reticulate
C)contagious
D)oogonial

Question 58

The Gram-negative chlamydiae are ______.

A)photosynthetic
B)motile due to periplasmic flagella
C)obligate intracellular parasites
D)Gram-positive,spore-forming rods

Question 59

Bacteroides inhabit the intestinal tract of mammals and benefit the host by degrading which of the following?

A)Cellulose
B)Pectin
C)Complex carbohydrates
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 60

The site of anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the recently described genera Brocadia,Kuenenia,Scalindua,and Anammoxoglobus is called the _______.

Question 61

In the catabolism of arginine to generate ATP in Mollicutes,the first reaction is catalyzed by _______.

A)arginine deaminase
B)ATP synthetase
C)Embden-Meyerhof pathways
D)Pentose phosphate pathways

Question 62

Which of these is NOT a location where you might find members of the phyla Chlorobi,Chloroflexi,or Cyanobacteria?

A)Deep ocean thermal vents
B)Microbial mats
C)"Blooms" on lakes
D)Sulfide-rich mud on lake bottoms

Question 63

Ureaplasma urealyticum generates an electrochemical gradient,despite the absence of an electron transport chain,by synthesizing urea from ammonia/ammonium to generate chemiosmotic potentials.

Question 64

Some Mycoplasma species can be transmitted via sexual contact and lead to genitourinary tract infections in humans.

Question 65

Ureaplasma conserves energy and compensates for an absent electron transport chain by creating chemiosmotic energy gradients and ATP from the breakdown of _______ into ammonia/ammonium.

Question 66

While Deinococci can be isolated from sources such as meat and feces,their true natural habitat is as of yet unknown.

Question 67

Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum can grow using ______ as a carbon source and energy source.

Question 68

Which of these organisms most contributes to the global methane oxidation and greenhouse gas conversion?

A)Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum
B)Chlamydia trachomatis
C)Treponema pallidum
D)Bacteroides fragilis

Question 69

Some Mycoplasmas,such as M.mobile,can move at a steady pace across a solid surface by using _______ _______.

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a reaction pathway involved in the catabolism of arginine to generate ATP?

A)Arginine + 3 H₂O $\rarr$ CO₂ + 4 ATP
B)Arginine + H₂O $\rarr$ citrulline + NH₃
C)Citrulline + P_i $\rarr$ ornithine + carbamyl-P
D)Carbamyl-P + ADP $\rarr$ ATP + CO₂ + NH₃

Question 71

Which of the following is properly paired for the anammox reaction?

A)Ammonium (NH₄⁺)as the electron donor; Nitrite (NO₂^-)as the electron acceptor
B)Sulfate (SO₄^-2)as the electron donor; Sulfite (SO₃^-2)as the electron acceptor
C)Nitrate (NO₃^-)as the electron donor; Nitrite (NO₂^-)as the electron acceptor
D)Phosphate (PO₄^-3)as the electron donor; Carbonate (CO₃^-2)as the electron acceptor

Question 72

Members of Mollicutes are commonly called _______; these bacteria are characterized by the absence of cell walls,their small genomes,and simplified metabolic pathways.
or
or
or

Question 73

It is estimated that as much as _______ of the cycling nitrogen in the oceans is contributed by anammox bacteria.

A)10%
B)25%
C)40%
D)70%

Question 74

While rather metabolically limited,Chlamydia reticulate bodies can still synthesize DNA,RNA,glycogen,lipids,and proteins if supplied with precursors from the host.

Question 75

Mollicutes,in the phylum Tenericutes,includes all bacteria that lack walls and do not synthesize peptidoglycan precursors.

Question 76

Mollicutes,such as Mycoplasma species,are able to colonize mucous membranes and can lead to pneumonia and respiratory tract disease.

Question 77

A newly reported member of the phylum Verrucomicrobia,Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum has been found to be thermophilic,acidophilic,and photosynthetic.

Question 78

While methane is produced abiotically in certain geochemically active areas,these sites are also hotspots for aerobic methane oxidation because they are rich in H₂S,which microbes convert to sulfuric acid.

Question 79

Specialized cell surface proteins on the neck of Mycoplasma mobile allow for ______.

A)gliding motility
B)flagellar motility
C)"inchworm" motility
D)"rolling" motility