Deck 15: Eukaryotic and Archaeal Genome Replication and Expression

Question 1

The unexpressed regions of split genes are called _______.

A)exons
B)endons
C)introns
D)codons

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In eukaryotes a so-called cap consisting of __________ is attached to the 5' end of the molecule during posttranscriptional modification of hnRNA to produce functional mRNA.

Answer 2

7-methylguanosine

Question 3

RNA polymerase III of eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing ______.

A)rRNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Each chromosome has one or more __________ site(s)where replication begins.

A)promoter
B)replicon
C)origin
D)bifurcate

Question 5

Because of its larger size,the replication rate of eukaryotic genomes is significantly faster than the replication rate of prokaryotic genomes.

Question 6

The transcribed,but not translated,sequence that is immediately upstream of the region that encodes the functional product is called the __________ region.

A)leader
B)promoter
C)coding
D)trailer

Question 7

DNA replication is a complex and ungoverned process,and,as a result,the frequency of error is quite high.

Question 8

Splicing of eukaryotic heteronuclear RNA is catalyzed by ________.

Question 9

Bacterial chromosomes,unlike eukaryotic chromosomes,often consist of a single replicon.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is the best definition of a telomerase?

A)Telomerase is an enzyme that helps separate DNA strands.
B)Telomerase is an enzyme that helps proofread and correct newly synthesized DNA.
C)Telomerase is an enzyme that helps solve the "end replication problem."
D)Telomerase is an enzyme that cleaves introns and exons.

Question 11

Eukaryotic mRNAs are modified by addition of a poly(A)sequences at the 3' end and 7-methyl guanosine at the 5' end.

Question 12

A consensus sequence in the untranslated leader sequence of a prokaryotic mRNA,which serves as a ribosome binding site is called the _____ - _____ sequence.
or

Question 13

The chromosomes of most bacteria are comprised of

A)double-stranded circular molecules.
B)double-stranded linear molecules.
C)single-stranded circular molecules.
D)single-stranded linear molecules.

Question 14

Split or interrupted genes have been found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.

Question 15

A bacterial __________ is the nontranscribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription.

A)operon
B)operator
C)promoter
D)initiator

Question 16

RNA polymerase II of eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing _______.

A)rRNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

When a DNA molecule is replicated,the daughter molecules contain one strand of parental DNA and one strand of newly synthesized DNA; this is called __________ replication.

A)hemiconservative
B)conservative
C)semiconservative
D)dispersive

Question 18

In eukaryotes a series of __________ residues are added to the 3' end of an RNA molecule as part of the posttranscriptional processing used to produce functional mRNA.

A)adenine
B)guanine
C)cytosine
D)uracil

Question 19

The region at which the RNA polymerase binds is the __________ region.

A)leader
B)promoter
C)coding
D)trailer

Question 20

The process by which the base sequence of all or a portion of a DNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called _______.

A)replication
B)transcription
C)reverse transcription
D)translation

Question 21

What is the minimum number of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes needed to attach amino acids to all the various tRNA molecules?

A)20
B)61
C)64
D)As many enzymes as there are different tRNAs are necessary.

Question 22

In __________,the ribosomes can attach to the mRNA and begin translation even though transcription has not been completed.

A)prokaryotes
B)eukaryotes
C)fungi
D)archaea

Question 23

Which of the following is incorrect about archaeal translation?

A)Archaeal translation uses 70S ribosomes,similar to bacterial ribosomes.
B)Archaeal translation may recognize ribosome binding sites homologous to bacterial Shine-Dalgarno sequences.
C)Archaeal translation uses no chaperone proteins for folding new polypeptides.
D)Archaeal translation is coupled to transcription,similar to bacterial processes.

Question 24

The role of folding and secretion of proteins in eukaryotes and archaea is facilitated by the use of _____ protein systems.

Question 25

Which of the statements best describes the function of telomerase?

A)Telomerase stabilizes the RNA polymerase during bacterial protein transcription.
B)Telomerase uses internal RNA as a template for lengthening the DNA single strand and preventing information loss.
C)Telomerase is responsible for forming the Okazaki fragments that allow for non-continuous replication.
D)Telomerase binds to specific DNA sequences that are not to be replicated and blocks polymerases.

Question 26

Key sequences exist within promoters,which vary somewhat among various promoters but are sufficiently constant that they can be represented by a sequence of bases most often found at each position.These representations are called __________ sequences.

A)convergence
B)idealized
C)consensus
D)common

Question 27

The genetic code is translated in groups of __________ bases.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 28

A complex consisting of a single mRNA molecule with several ribosomes is called a _______.

A)polysome
B)multisome
C)maxisome
D)complexisome

Question 29

Many archaeal genomes include plasmids.

Question 30

Ribosomes consist of __________ separate subunits that come together as part of the initiation process and dissociate immediately after termination.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 31

Differences in eukaryotic,bacterial,and archaeal transcription are attributable to both polymerase differences and organization of protein-coding genes.

Question 32

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze covalent addition of __________ __________ to tRNAs.

Question 33

The process by which the base sequence of an RNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of a protein is called ______.

A)replication
B)transcription
C)reverse transcription
D)translation

Question 34

Archaeal promoters are most similar to those of ______.

A)viruses
B)bacteria
C)eukaryotes
D)both viruses and bacteria

Question 35

Unlike members of the Bacteria,most archaeons have linear chromosomes with multiple origins of replication.

Question 36

Proteins that recognize unfolded polypeptides and help them fold into their proper conformations are called ______________.

Question 37

________ molecules deliver amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

A)Messenger RNA (mRNA)
B)Transfer RNA (tRNA)
C)Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
D)Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

Question 38

Most archaeal mRNAs like those of eukaryotes are spliced.

Question 39

Unlike other prokaryotes,archaeons (except Sulfolobus)have two origins of replication.

Question 40

In order to add a single amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain,a grand total of __________ molecules or ATP or GTP are utilized.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)six

Question 41

A DNA site called a _____ is the binding location for a transcriptional repressor.

Question 42

Homologues of the Nascent-chain-associated chaperone (NAC)protein folding system are found in bacteria,eukaryotes,and archaea.

Question 43

Eukaryotes are able to express different proteins over time or at certain points in the life cycle by using _____.

A)siRNAs
B)mediators
C)silencers
D)riboswitches

Question 44

Homologues of the Sec protein translocation system are found in bacteria,eukaryotes,and archaea.

Question 45

Enhancer sequences for transcription activation in eukaryotes can exert effects from a great distance of the transcription target by forming loops or changing DNA structural elements.

Question 46

The RNase known as _____ helps cut eukaryotic double-stranded RNAs to form the miRNA species.

Question 47

The majority of control elements for regulation of cellular processes in eukaryotes and archaea occurs at the level of _____ initiation.
or

Question 48

Regulation of cellular processes via chromatin remodeling or compaction are used by eukaryotic cells but not archaeal cells.