Deck 2: Heredity and Conception

Question 1

"Heredity" means

A) biological transmission of traits and characteristics.
B) how your traits manifest themselves in your characteristics.
C) how cells divide to determine who we become.
D) how genes combine to influence our phenotype.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Scientists took genetic material from one sheep to clone Dolly,making her genetically identical to the other sheep from which she was cloned.Cloning utilizes the process of

A) mitosis.
B) chromosomal replacement.
C) autosome reproduction.
D) meiosis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what genes do?

A) Regulate the development of traits
B) Determine the gender of the child
C) Work together with lutein to influence development
D) Hardwire people for certain levels of certain traits

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which is the smallest?

A) A gene
B) The DNA helix
C) A cell
D) A zygote

Question 5

Heredity is defined as

A) one's nature,and is based upon biological transmission of traits and characteristics.
B) the spiral shaped structures found in cells.
C) traits that are determined by pairs of genes.
D) the process of cell division.

Question 6

In DNA,adenine is paired with ____ and cytosine with ____.

A) thymine; simple sugar
B) thymine; guanine
C) guanine; simple sugar
D) guanine; thymine

Question 7

DNA stands for

A) deoxyribonucleic acid.
B) dionyotic acetate.
C) diophosphate nucleic acetone.
D) dionucleic acid.

Question 8

What shape best describes chromosomes?

A) Cone
B) Rod
C) An X
D) An octagon

Question 9

Chromosomes contain thousands of segments called

A) nuclei.
B) genes.
C) phosphates.
D) cytosines.

Question 10

Of the 46 chromosomes in a normal human cell,how many are contributed by the mother?

A) All
B) It depends upon the gender of the child
C) Twenty-three
D) None

Question 11

In DNA,the sides of the ladder consist of alternating segments of phosphate and

A) adenine.
B) thymine.
C) cytosine.
D) simple sugar.

Question 12

According to the International Genome Sequencing Consortium (2006),we have ____ genes in every cell of our bodies:

A) 1,000-1,500
B) 10,000-20,000
C) 20,000-25,000
D) there has not been enough research to determine the number of genes in cells

Question 13

Each cell in our body

A) contains 26 chromosomes.
B) is turned "on" or "off" by cytosine.
C) contains 30,000 to 40,000 genes.
D) All of these

Question 14

DNA takes the form of

A) a twisting ladder.
B) a straight ladder.
C) an octagon.
D) interlocking circles.

Question 15

A normal human cell contains ____ chromosomes organized into ____ pairs.

A) 20; 10
B) 32; 16
C) 46; 23
D) 48; 24

Question 16

DNA consists of all of the following EXCEPT

A) phosphate.
B) indolamine.
C) cytosine.
D) guanine.

Question 17

Some traits,such as blood type,are transmitted by a single pair of genes.Other traits are determined by combinations of pairs of genes.These traits are called

A) monogenic.
B) polygenic.
C) multigenic.
D) recessive.

Question 18

Polygenic traits

A) are transmitted by a single pair of genes.
B) are uncommon in humans.
C) are transmitted by the mother.
D) result in more complex characteristics.

Question 19

Genetics appears to play a role in not only the transmission of physical traits,such as height and eye color,but also in

A) intelligence.
B) personality traits such as shyness and anxiety.
C) psychological problems such as schizophrenia and depression.
D) All of the above

Question 20

The field within the science of biology that studies heredity is called

A) etiology.
B) genetics.
C) molecular biology.
D) gametogenesis.

Question 21

Gregor Mendel,in his work with pea plants,discovered that the offspring from crossing purebred tall pea plants with purebred dwarf pea plants were tall.Mendel called this the law of

A) codominance.
B) dominance.
C) dominant autosomes.
D) epigenesist.

Question 22

What factor determines the sex of a child?

A) The sex chromosome received from the father
B) It depends upon what time in the ovulation cycle conception occurs
C) The age of the mother
D) The presence or absence of teratogens at the time of conception

Question 23

Which statement is MOST accurate about monozygotic twins?

A) They are also called "fraternal" twins
B) They result when two eggs are fertilized
C) They occur with different frequency in different ethnic groups
D) They are more common in older women

Question 24

The typical sex chromosome pattern for males is ______ and for females is ______.

A) XX; XY
B) XY; XX
C) XYY; XX
D) XYY; XY

Question 25

Sperm and ova are produced through meiosis,otherwise known as

A) cloning.
B) mutation.
C) cross-fertilization.
D) reduction division.

Question 26

If a child receives a dominant allele for brown hair from one parent and a recessive allele for blonde hair from the other,what do we know?

A) The child will have blonde hair
B) We cannot predict the potential hair color of the child based upon this information
C) The child will have brown hair
D) The child will be female

Question 27

If a child receives an allele for blue eyes and an allele for brown eyes,then the child is

A) going to have blue eyes.
B) homozygous for that trait.
C) heterozygous for that trait.
D) exhibiting the law of dominance.

Question 28

The chance of conceiving twins increases with parental age due to _______ and ________.

A) irregular ovulation; fertility drugs
B) irregular sperm; fertility drugs
C) irregular ovulation; irregular sperm
D) irregular sperm; genetic irregularities in ovum

Question 29

Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes,22 pairs look alike and possess genetic information concerning the same traits.These are

A) sex chromosomes.
B) identical chromosomes.
C) autosomes.
D) None of the above

Question 30

A zygote that divides into two genetically identical replicas is called

A) monozygotic twins.
B) dizygotic twins.
C) cross-fertilization.
D) mitosis.

Question 31

A woman who gives birth to dizygotic twins

A) is most likely an Asian American.
B) has a decreased chance of subsequent pregnancies.
C) is likely to be a young mother.
D) has an increased chance of giving birth to twins in future pregnancies.

Question 32

What percent of the offspring of brown-haired parents who carry recessive genes for blonde hair will have blond hair?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 33

Each member of a pair of genes is referred to as a/n

A) homozygous trait.
B) heterozygous trait.
C) autosome.
D) allele.

Question 34

Of twin pregnancies,how many of these are dizygotic twins?

A) One-half
B) One-third
C) Two-thirds
D) One-fourth

Question 35

Which statement about dizygotic twins is MOST accurate?

A) They are more common among African Americans than any other ethnic or racial group
B) They are more common among Asian Americans
C) They are more common among European Americans
D) They occur with equal frequency among all ethnic and racial groups

Question 36

The process of mitosis results in new cells containing identical genetic codes.That is,unless what occurs?

A) Reduction division
B) Cell death
C) Mutations
D) Neural pruning

Question 37

Dominant alleles

A) will cause characteristics in individuals when paired with recessive alleles.
B) come from the father of the developing child.
C) determine physical characteristics.
D) will determine physical characteristics in offspring of the same sex as the parent that contributed that trait.

Question 38

Through the process of ___________,our genetic code is carried into new cells in our bodies.

A) meiosis
B) autosome replacement
C) Mendel replication
D) mitosis

Question 39

If a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by different sperm cells,the result is

A) monozygotic twins.
B) dizygotic twins.
C) homozygous twins.
D) a single pregnancy.

Question 40

Which statement about monozygotic twins is NOT true?

A) They usually include one male and one female child
B) They are also called "identical" twins
C) They are more common now than in the past
D) They occur with equal frequency among all ethnic groups

Question 41

Compared to girls with XY sex chromosomes,girls with Turner's syndrome

A) have an extra X sex chromosome.
B) have an extra Y sex chromosome.
C) are taller than average.
D) have a single X sex chromosome.

Question 42

The textbook suggests that XYY males are over-represented in prison populations.This suggests

A) they may be less intelligent than "normal."
B) they are much more aggressive than is "normal."
C) they commit more crimes against persons,not property.
D) All of these

Question 43

A girl who does not develop breasts or menstruate

A) likely produces low levels of estrogen.
B) may have only one X sex chromosome.
C) may have Turner's syndrome.
D) All of these

Question 44

Dev is 45 years old.Compared to men who are below the age of 30,Dev is five to six times more likely to have a child with

A) red-green color blindness.
B) Turner's syndrome.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) Down syndrome.

Question 45

Someone suffering from cystic fibrosis

A) carries it as a recessive gene.
B) did not have a dominant gene to cancel it out.
C) has more than 23 chromosomal pairs.
D) is likely to have a younger mother.

Question 46

In comparison to the average male population,individuals with Klinefelter's syndrome

A) produce more estrogen than normal.
B) produce less estrogen than normal.
C) produce more testosterone than normal.
D) produce less testosterone than normal.

Question 47

Carriers of certain genetic characteristics can pass that characteristic on only if

A) the other parent has a recessive gene for the same characteristic.
B) characteristics in the environment activate it.
C) they are male.
D) they also have a dominant gene for the same characteristic.

Question 48

Jake carries a dominant trait for normal vision and a recessive trait for red-green color blindness.As a result,Jake will have

A) farsighted vision.
B) nearsighted vision (myopia).
C) red-green color blindness.
D) normal vision.

Question 49

Roger is undergoing treatment for a sex-linked chromosomal abnormality.He is treated with testosterone replacement therapy,which fosters the growth of male sex characteristics and elevates his mood,but does not reverse his sterility.Roger is being treated for

A) Klinefelter's syndrome.
B) Turner syndrome.
C) "Supermale" syndrome.
D) Down syndrome.

Question 50

Diabetes mellitus,epilepsy,and peptic ulcers are multifactorial problems,that is,they

A) have unknown causes.
B) are the result of genetics.
C) are the result of factors in the person's environment.
D) reflect genetic and environmental causes.

Question 51

Some examples of recessive traits include blonde hair,lactose intolerance,myopia,and:

A) curly hair.
B) type O blood.
C) type A blood.
D) farsightedness.

Question 52

Down syndrome is linked to

A) alcohol abuse by the father.
B) abnormalities of the 21st pair of chromosomes.
C) sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities.
D) None of these

Question 53

What is the incidence,or rate of occurrence,of Klinefelter's syndrome?

A) 1 in 150 men
B) 1 in 300 men
C) 1 in 500-900 men
D) 1 in 2,500 men

Question 54

Individuals with Down syndrome

A) do not typically suffer adjustment problems.
B) have few,if any,physical problems.
C) show deficits in cognitive development.
D) have chromosomal damage on the 8th chromosome.

Question 55

There is a positive correlation between age of parents and incidence of Down syndrome.What does this mean?

A) Younger parents are more likely to have children with Down syndrome
B) Older parents are more likely to have children with Down syndrome
C) Older parents are less likely to have children with Down syndrome
D) All parents,regardless of their age,are equally likely to have children with Down syndrome

Question 56

People who bear one dominant and one recessive gene for a trait are

A) going to automatically pass that characteristic on to their offspring.
B) definitely going to develop that characteristic.
C) called "carriers" of the recessive gene.
D) not going to pass that characteristic on to their offspring.

Question 57

Girls with Turner's syndrome

A) are physically the same as girls who do not have Turner's syndrome.
B) produce little estrogen.
C) produce more testosterone than normal.
D) are more likely to give birth to twins.

Question 58

Males with XYY sex chromosomal structure

A) tend to be shorter than average.
B) have higher levels of intelligence than average.
C) are often mildly delayed,such as in language development.
D) are much less aggressive than average.

Question 59

What is the approximate rate of occurrence of males who have an extra Y chromosome,resulting in the configuration XYY?

A) Zero,because this disorder affects females only
B) One in 50 to 70
C) One in 700 to 1,000
D) One in 3

Question 60

The following is caused by a single pair of genes

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) Down syndrome.
C) sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities.
D) All of these

Question 61

Huntington's disease is a fatal,progressive degenerative disorder.People who have Huntington's disorder

A) have special diets.
B) are common,as the rate of this genetic disorder is very high.
C) usually have delayed onset of this disorder at age 35 or older.
D) use medications that cure the disorder.

Question 62

The following is TRUE of Tay-Sachs disease:

A) it results in delayed blood clotting.
B) it is characterized by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system.
C) it is caused by a dominant gene.
D) it is linked to the X chromosome.

Question 63

Anya is female.She is infertile and has trouble with visual-spatial skills and mathematics.She most likely has

A) Turner syndrome.
B) Single X syndrome.
C) Triple Y syndrome.
D) "Superfemale" syndrome.

Question 64

Which is true of hemophilia?

A) It is more likely to afflict sons of female carriers than daughters
B) It occurs more often in Caucasians than other racial and ethnic groups
C) It damages the frontal lobe of the brain
D) It often co-occurs with Down syndrome

Question 65

Huntington's disease is characterized by which of the following symptoms?

A) Uncontrollable muscle movements
B) Loss of intellectual functioning
C) Personality change
D) All of the above

Question 66

Children with PKU

A) cannot eat fruits or vegetables.
B) have damage to the 21st pair of chromosomes.
C) should be placed on a special diet at soon as possible.
D) usually live for only a few weeks.

Question 67

Tay-Sachs disease results in

A) death by approximately the age of 5.
B) painful and swollen joints.
C) thick mucus that clogs the pancreas and lungs.
D) All of the above

Question 68

Sex-linked diseases are more likely to afflict sons of female carriers because

A) males inherit two X chromosomes from their mothers.
B) males have only one X sex chromosome.
C) sex-linked disorders are recessive in fathers.
D) it is carried only on the Y chromosome.

Question 69

Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to have Tay-Sachs disease?

A) An 8-year-old
B) A 4-year-old
C) A 2-year-old
D) A 1-year-old

Question 70

Tia is from Central America.She has a genetic disorder caused by a recessive gene.Her symptoms include impaired cognitive skills caused by decreased oxygen supply,painful joints,and jaundice.Tia has

A) sickle-cell anemia.
B) Tay-Sachs disease.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) PKU.

Question 71

Phenylketonuria is

A) an enzyme disorder.
B) transmitted by a dominant gene.
C) a disorder that manifests itself in all children of carriers.
D) All of these

Question 72

Elliot was born with a genetic disorder that is caused by a recessive gene.His symptoms are thick mucus that clogs his pancreas and lungs.He has many respiratory infections.Elliot most likely has

A) Huntington's disease.
B) Tay-Sachs disease.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) PKU.

Question 73

The following individual would be most likely to develop sickle-cell anemia:

A) a Caucasian female under the age of 15.
B) an African American.
C) a Caucasian male of any age.
D) a person of Asian heritage.

Question 74

According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation,

A) cystic fibrosis is the most common fatal hereditary disease among European Americans.
B) about 30,000 Americans have the disorder.
C) 1 in every 31 people is carriers of this illness.
D) All of these are true about cystic fibrosis

Question 75

If both parents are carriers of PKU,

A) one child out of four will develop the disorder.
B) none of the children will develop the disorder.
C) their daughters are more likely to develop the disorder than their sons.
D) all of their children will develop the disorder.

Question 76

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by

A) white blood cells that take on the shape of a sickle and clump together.
B) red blood cells that expand the blood vessels and increase the oxygen supply.
C) a recessive gene.
D) a slow destruction of the liver leading to jaundice and swollen joints.

Question 77

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to have Tay-Sachs disease?

A) A 4-year-old Jewish child of Eastern-European background
B) A 10-year-old African American
C) A 5-year-old European American
D) A 20-year-old Hispanic male

Question 78

The following most accurately represents the percentage of African Americans who are carriers of sickle-cell anemia:

A) one in 5.
B) one in 10.
C) one in 20.
D) one in 100.

Question 79

Maria and Michael have just been told that their newborn child has tested positive for PKU.What does this mean?

A) PKU can be cured through medication
B) PKU can be controlled through a strict exercise regiment
C) The condition will disappear by the time their child is six months old
D) Their child can develop normally if placed on a special diet early

Question 80

Children with PKU cannot metabolize an amino acid called phenylalanine.As a result,the substance builds up in their bodies and

A) causes them to be overweight.
B) causes night blindness.
C) causes hemophilia.
D) impairs central nervous system functioning.