Deck 3: History and Geography: The Foundations of Culture

Question 1

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the United States leads the fight against pollution with the most stringent greenhouse emission standards in the world.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: With one of the highest pollution rates on a per capital basis, the United States lags behind almost all major competitors in agreeing to greenhouse emission standards.

Question 2

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Monroe Doctrine was used to justify the U.S. annexation of Texas, Oregon, New Mexico, and California.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: The idea of Manifest Destiny was used to justify the U.S. annexation of Texas, Oregon, New Mexico, and California and, later, U.S. involvement in Cuba, Alaska, Hawaii, and the Philippines.

Question 3

To understand fully a society's actions and its points of view, one must have an appreciation for the influence of historical events.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: To understand fully a society's actions and its points of view, one must have an appreciation for the influence of historical events and the geographical uniqueness to which a culture has had to adapt.

Question 4

A fundamental premise of Japanese ideology reflects the importance of individualism and competitive spirit for economic progress.

Question 5

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the United States continues to be the world's top pollution-causing nation.

Question 6

The Mexican attitude toward their American neighbors may be summed up in the statement-"Geography has made us neighbors, tradition has made us friends."
F. Kennedy's proclamation during a visit to Mexico that "Geography has made us neighbors, tradition has made us friends." North Americans may be surprised to learn that most Mexicans felt it more accurate to say "Geography has made us closer, tradition has made us far apart."

Question 7

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Monroe Doctrine dictated the abstention of the United States from European political affairs.

Question 8

Countries that suffer the most from major natural calamities are among the poorest in the world.

Question 9

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the idea of sustainable development is quite popular in the United States owing to the cultural characteristics of the Americans.

Question 10

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Roosevelt Corollary paved the way for non-American intervention in Latin American affairs.

Question 11

Recording of historic events by historians belonging to different cultures gives us a subjective view of history.

Question 12

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the process of controlling industrial wastes leads to the issue of disposal of hazardous waste.

Question 13

Physical barriers that exist within Europe are nowadays seen as a natural protection from potentially hostile neighbors.

Question 14

Confucian philosophy, taught throughout Japan's history, emphasizes the basic virtue of loyalty to the country.

Question 15

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of the policy of the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 16

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, sustainable development is about protecting the environment at all costs.

Question 17

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the Basel Convention identified safe dumping zones for hazardous wastes exported by developed nations.

Question 18

Altitude, humidity, and temperature extremes are climatic features that affect the uses and functions of products and equipment.

Question 19

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Monroe Doctrine, in its broadest interpretation, meant that Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society.

Question 20

The Roosevelt Corollary is typified by the dictum-whatever is good for the United States is justifiable.

Question 21

Which of the following events caused the Chinese to cede Hong Kong to the British?

A) The First Opium War
B) The Satsuma Rebellion
C) The Tianjing Rebellion
D) The Taiping War
E) The Hong Kong Revolution

Question 22

China has emerged as the most efficient user of energy worldwide.

Question 23

Most of the major industrialized countries have sufficient internal population growth to maintain themselves.

Question 24

Which of the following commodities helped Britain erase the tea-caused trade deficit with China during the 1800s?

A) Watches
B) Betel nuts
C) Diamonds
D) Textiles
E) Opium

Question 25

The opium wars resulted in a loss of confidence in the Chinese government. Which of the following events was caused by the resulting disorder?

A) The Boxer Revolution
B) The Satsuma Rebellion
C) The Nanjing Rebellion
D) The Taiping Rebellion
E) The Hong Kong Revolution

Question 26

Petroleum's versatility ensures that petroleum-related products still dominate energy usage.

Question 27

Which of the following is true of culture?

A) It is a set of texts considered to be sacred.
B) It is a society's accepted basis for responding to external and internal events.
C) It is a branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste.
D) It is the philosophical study of being and knowing.
E) It is a set of rules governing socially acceptable behavior.

Question 28

Trade routes represent the attempts of countries to overcome economic and social imbalances created in part by the influence of geography.

Question 29

Which of the following is one of the tallest skyscrapers in Hong Kong today?

A) SunTrust Plaza
B) Jardine-Matheson Trading House
C) Vision Tower
D) Comcast Center
E) Aspire Tower

Question 30

The availability of minerals and the ability to generate energy are the foundations of modern technology.

Question 31

In much of the underdeveloped world, human labor is the prevalent source of energy.

Question 32

Which of the following commodities dominated the trade between Britain and China during the early 1800s?

A) Bamboo
B) Mother-of-pearl
C) Silk
D) Tea
E) Porcelain

Question 33

The United States is a major exporter of petroleum products.

Question 34

Which of the following events in the history of China has made the country wary of foreign influences?

A) The Boxer Revolution
B) The Satsuma Rebellion
C) The Nanjing Rebellion
D) The Hong Kong Revolution
E) The Opium Wars

Question 35

In 1066, William the Conqueror defeated Harold II in the Battle of Hastings, establishing Norman rule in _____.

A) Brazil
B) China
C) England
D) Japan
E) France

Question 36

North America is the region of the world most affected by a steadily declining worker-to-retiree ratio.

Question 37

Which of the following events is one of the pivotal factors behind the wariness of the Chinese leadership toward foreign influences in general, and religious movements in particular, even today?

A) The Boxer Revolution
B) The Satsuma Rebellion
C) The Nanjing Rebellion
D) The Hong Kong Revolution
E) The Taiping Rebellion

Question 38

The _____ was a political protest against the British prohibition of Yankee traders from dealing directly with merchants in Canton.

A) Hong Kong Revolution
B) Boston Tea Party
C) Taiping Rebellion
D) First Opium War
E) Canton Uprising

Question 39

Continuous improvements in electronic communications have facilitated the expansion of trade.

Question 40

According to some economists, economic prosperity is a factor that leads to decline in fertility rates.

Question 41

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the feelings of most Mexicans toward the United States?

A) Mexicans trust and favor the United States above other trading partners.
B) Mexicans prefer Europeans over the United States with respect to trade.
C) Mexico considers the United States as a protector who will help it emerge as a world power.
D) Mexicans see the United States as a threat to their political, economic, and cultural independence.
E) Mexicans see the United States as a land of abundant opportunity and good fortune.

Question 42

Which of the following policies was used in the formation of a provisional government in Cuba in 1906?

A) The Manifest Destiny
B) The Hay Manifesto
C) The Wilson Mandate
D) The Roosevelt Corollary
E) The Gadsden Policy Position

Question 43

What was the overall end result of the Mexican War of 1846-1848?

A) Mexico was forced to cede California to the U.S.
B) The U.S. and Mexico signed a non-aggression pact.
C) Mexico gave up California and the U.S. gave up Baja California.
D) Mexico paid the U.S. $5 million for war damages.
E) The U.S. signed a pledge to not invade Mexico again.

Question 44

Which of the following events, leading to the overthrowing of the dictator Díaz, is particularly remembered for the expulsion of foreigners-most notably North American businessmen who were the most visible of the wealthy and influential entrepreneurs?

A) The Madero Rebellion
B) The Mexican Revolution
C) The Los Niños Rebellion
D) The Mexican-American War
E) The San Patricios Revolution

Question 45

In 1464, the French royal mail service was established by _____.

A) Clovis I
B) Napoleon III
C) Childeric I
D) Childebert I
E) Louis XI

Question 46

In the context of the Mexican-American War, the president of Mexico, the cabinet, and the diplomatic corps assemble at the Mexico City fortress every September 13 to recall the defeat that led to the _____.

A) "despojo territorial"
B) "la pérdida de comercio"
C) "destrucción de la propiedad"
D) "soldados mutilados"
E) "los niños sin hogar"

Question 47

Japan was an isolated country before the arrival of _____ in 1853.

A) Marco Polo
B) Admiral Halsey
C) Commodore Perry
D) Admiral Pennington
E) The East India Company

Question 48

The idea of Manifest Destiny was used to justify the U.S. annexation of _____.

A) Virginia
B) Ohio
C) Pennsylvania
D) California
E) Carolina

Question 49

In 1561, _____ came to Europe from the Near East, via the Dutch traders, for the first time.

A) tulips
B) roses
C) chrysanthemums
D) sunflowers
E) carnations

Question 50

Abstention of the United States from European political affairs was one of the three basic dicta of the _____.

A) Monroe Doctrine
B) North American Security Treaty
C) Hays Corollary
D) Grant Mandate
E) Roosevelt Corollary

Question 51

In 1600, _____ were brought from South America to Europe, where they quickly spread to the rest of world and become a staple of agricultural production.

A) tomatoes
B) potatoes
C) shallots
D) peanuts
E) eggplants

Question 52

The Manifest Destiny specifically referred to the:

A) political clout of the United States over European countries.
B) territorial expansion of the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
C) focus on investment and infrastructure development in Asia-Pacific.
D) network of intelligence operations across the world, especially the Communist world.
E) "white man's burden" to develop the underdeveloped parts of the world.

Question 53

In 1425, the Hanseatic city of _____ became the first Atlantic seaport to be a major trading center.

A) Bastogne
B) Lubeck
C) Brugge
D) Mons
E) Cologne

Question 54

In the context of U.S. foreign policy in the 19th and the 20th centuries, _____, in its broadest interpretation, meant that Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society.

A) Roosevelt Corollary
B) Monroe Doctrine
C) Hays Corollary
D) Grant Mandate
E) Manifest Destiny

Question 55

Which of the following may best explain why the Japanese have such strong loyalty toward their companies?

A) Zen philosophy
B) Taoism
C) Confucian philosophy
D) Buddhism
E) Bushido philosophy

Question 56

Manifest Destiny and the _____ were accepted as the basis for U.S. foreign policy during much of the 19^th and 20^th centuries.

A) Roosevelt Corollary
B) North American Security Treaty
C) Monroe Doctrine
D) Grant Mandate
E) Hays Corollary

Question 57

In 1531, the _____ stock exchange was the first exchange to move into its own building, signifying its importance in financing commercial enterprises throughout Europe.

A) Bruges
B) Amsterdam
C) Frankfurt
D) Antwerp
E) Berliner Borse

Question 58

In 1450, the _____ was the first book printed with movable type.

A) Illiad
B) Gutenberg Bible
C) Codex Manesse
D) Scriptorium
E) Odyssey

Question 59

In 1600, Japan began trading _____ for foreign goods.

A) diamonds
B) gold
C) platinum
D) copper
E) silver

Question 60

Which of the following events occurred during the Mexican Revolution?

A) Overthrowing of dictator Ernesto Zedillo
B) Youth movement against religion
C) Nationalization of the Mexican oil industry
D) Expulsion of North American businessmen
E) Support of French arms for the revolutionaries

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true about the consumption of petroleum products by the United States?

A) The U.S. is the largest producer of petroleum products.
B) The U.S. is likely to stay self-sufficient for the next several decades.
C) The U.S. is the third largest consumer of petroleum products.
D) The U.S. has become a major importer of petroleum products.
E) Petroleum products are no longer the largest source of energy for the U.S.

Question 62

Which of the following countries has an inefficient oil usage pattern chiefly due to outdated technology?

A) Africa
B) Latin America
C) China
D) North America
E) Japan

Question 63

Which of the following sources of energy provides the preponderance of energy in much of the underdeveloped world?

A) Nuclear power
B) Human labor
C) Wind energy
D) Geothermal power
E) Fossil fuel

Question 64

Which of the following sources of energy dominates the world's energy usage?

A) Hydroelectric power
B) Petroleum products
C) Wind energy
D) Geothermal power
E) Nuclear power

Question 65

The _____, a cornerstone of early U.S. foreign policy, dictated that no further European colonization in the New World would be accepted.

A) Madison Corollary
B) Monroe Doctrine
C) Hays Corollary
D) Wilson Policy Position
E) Manifest Destiny

Question 66

Which of the following is true of the industrialized world's population?

A) It is increasing at an unprecedented pace.
B) It is in decline and rapidly aging.
C) It mainly consists of young adults.
D) It is similar to the populations of developing countries.
E) It has remained constant for a long time.

Question 67

The manner in which the United States acquired land for the Panama Canal Zone typifies a U.S. foreign policy, _____, -whatever is good for the United States is justifiable.

A) Manifest Destiny
B) Hay Manifesto
C) Roosevelt Corollary
D) Gadsden Policy Position
E) Wilson Mandate

Question 68

Which of the following sources of energy has a greater emphasis in North America?

A) Animal wastes
B) Natural gas
C) Coal
D) Oil
E) Wood

Question 69

Which of the following treaties was revised to include a total ban on the export of hazardous wastes by developed nations?

A) Treaty of Lisbon
B) The Basel Convention
C) The North American Free Trade Agreement
D) ASEAN charter
E) St. Andrews agreement

Question 70

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, which of the following is a byproduct of pollution controls?

A) Corporate environmental responsibility.
B) Higher tariffs against developing countries.
C) The disposal of hazardous waste.
D) Reduced availability of petroleum products.
E) The emission of greenhouse gases.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is true with respect to the economic effects of controlling population growth?

A) Fertility rates increase proportionately to the rate of economic growth.
B) A decline in fertility rate is a function of economic prosperity.
C) Lower male-female ratios favor higher fertility rates.
D) Developing nations tend to have lower fertility compared to developed nations.
E) Higher population growth rates have resulted in increased global trade.

Question 72

Which of the following countries is the world's top polluter, at present, in almost all respects?

A) Brazil
B) China
C) Sudan
D) Afghanistan
E) Zimbabwe

Question 73

Which of the following is true with respect to the dynamics of global population trends?

A) The demand for goods worldwide may have no effect on migration patterns.
B) Changes in the distribution of population among the world's countries may fail to influence demand.
C) The global financial crisis has caused migration from rural to urban areas within countries.
D) Economic growth forecasts and assumptions about fertility rates are independent of each other.
E) The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets.

Question 74

Which of the following best explains why petroleum-related products continue to dominate energy usage?

A) It is easy to store and transport.
B) Most governments do not favor alternate energy sources.
C) It is still the cheapest form of fuel.
D) Petroleum products remain the most efficient forms of fuel.
E) The reserves of petroleum are unlimited.

Question 75

Which of the following U.S. foreign policies was applied in 1905 when the Dominican Republic was forced to accept the appointment of an American economic adviser?

A) The Manifest Destiny
B) The Hay Manifesto
C) The Wilson Mandate
D) The Gadsden Policy Position
E) The Roosevelt Corollary

Question 76

Which of the following countries is considered to be the world's most efficient user of energy?

A) Africa
B) Latin America
C) Japan
D) Western Europe
E) China

Question 77

Which of the following best describes the current perception of geographical features such as mountains in the context of economic growth in Europe?

A) They provide natural protection from potentially hostile neighbors.
B) They are impediments to efficient trade and communication.
C) They are natural landmarks that symbolize national treasure.
D) They are fortuitous blessings that provide a wealth of natural resources.
E) They are symbols of national heritage and history.

Question 78

_____ development is a joint approach among those who seek economic growth with "wise resource management, equitable distribution of benefits and reduction of negative effects on people and the environment from the process of economic growth."

A) Parallel
B) Global
C) Sustainable
D) Unrestricted
E) Holistic

Question 79

_____ is the study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples, industries, and resources.

A) Geophysics
B) Geography
C) Cartography
D) Demography
E) Remote sensing

Question 80

_____ includes an understanding of how a society's culture and economy are affected as a nation struggles to supply its people's needs within the limits imposed by its physical makeup.

A) Remote sensing
B) Geography
C) Cartography
D) Demography
E) Geomatics