Deck 3: History and Geography: The Foundations of Culture

Question 1

Altitude, humidity, and temperature extremes are climatic features that affect the uses and functions of products and equipment.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: Altitude, humidity, and temperature extremes are climatic features that affect the uses and functions of products and equipment. Products that perform well in temperate zones may deteriorate rapidly or require special cooling or lubrication to function adequately in tropical zones.

Question 2

To understand a country's attitudes, prejudices, and fears, it is necessary to look beyond the surface of current events to the inner subtleties of the country's entire past for clues.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: To understand a country's attitudes, prejudices, and fears, it is necessary to look beyond the surface of current events to the inner subtleties of the country's entire past for clues.

Question 3

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the United States leads the fight against pollution with the most stringent greenhouse emission standards in the world.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: With one of the highest pollution rates on a per capital basis, the United States lags behind almost all major competitors in agreeing to greenhouse emission standards.

Question 4

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Monroe Doctrine dictated the abstention of the United States from European political affairs.

Question 5

Confucian philosophy, taught throughout Japan's history, emphasizes the basic virtue of loyalty to the country.

Question 6

The Roosevelt Corollary is typified by the dictum-whatever is good for the United States is justifiable.

Question 7

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the process of controlling industrial wastes leads to the issue of disposal of hazardous waste, a by-product of pollution controls.

Question 8

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the Basel Convention identified safe dumping zones for hazardous wastes exported by developed nations.

Question 9

Countries that suffer the most from major natural calamities are among the poorest in the world.

Question 10

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of the policy of the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 11

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Roosevelt Corollary paved the way for non-American intervention in Latin American affairs.

Question 12

To understand fully a society's actions and its points of view, one must have an appreciation for the influence of historical events.

Question 13

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the United States continues to be the world's top pollution-causing nation.

Question 14

The Mexicans' attitude toward their American neighbors may be summed up in the statement-"Geography has made us neighbors, tradition has made us friends."
F. Kennedy's proclamation during a visit to Mexico that "Geography has made us neighbors, tradition has made us friends." North Americans may be surprised to learn that most Mexicans felt it more accurate to say "Geography has made us closer, tradition has made us far apart."

Question 15

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, sustainable development is about protecting the environment at all costs.

Question 16

Recording of historic events by historians belonging to different cultures gives us a subjective view of history.

Question 17

A fundamental premise of Japanese ideology reflects the importance of individualism and competitive spirit for economic progress.

Question 18

Physical barriers that exist within Europe are nowadays seen as a natural protection from potentially hostile neighbors.

Question 19

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Monroe Doctrine was used to justify the U.S. annexation of Texas, Oregon, New Mexico, and California.

Question 20

In the context of U.S. foreign policies, the Monroe Doctrine, in its broadest interpretation, meant that Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society.

Question 21

The United States is a major exporter of petroleum products.

Question 22

The availability of minerals and the ability to generate energy are the foundations of modern technology.

Question 23

Which of the following events is one of the pivotal factors behind the wariness of the Chinese leadership toward foreign influences in general, and religious movements in particular, even today?

A) The Boxer Revolution
B) The Satsuma Rebellion
C) The Nanjing Rebellion
D) The Hong Kong Revolution
E) The Taiping Rebellion

Question 24

Most of the major industrialized countries have sufficient internal population growth to maintain themselves.

Question 25

Which of the following is true of culture?

A) It is a set of texts considered to be sacred.
B) It is a society's accepted basis for responding to external and internal events.
C) It is a branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste.
D) It is the philosophical study of being and knowing.
E) It is a set of written rules governing socially acceptable behavior.

Question 26

Which of the following is one of the tallest skyscrapers in Hong Kong today?

A) SunTrust Plaza
B) Jardine-Matheson Trading House
C) Vision Tower
D) Comcast Center
E) Aspire Tower

Question 27

North America is the region of the world most affected by a steadily declining worker-to-retiree ratio.

Question 28

Continuous improvements in electronic communications have facilitated the expansion of trade.

Question 29

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, the idea of sustainable development is quite popular in the United States owing to the cultural characteristics of the Americans.

Question 30

In much of the underdeveloped world, human labor is the prevalent source of energy.

Question 31

The opium wars resulted in a loss of confidence in the Chinese government. Which of the following events was caused by the resulting disorder?

A) The Boxer Revolution
B) The Satsuma Rebellion
C) The Nanjing Rebellion
D) The Taiping Rebellion
E) The Hong Kong Revolution

Question 32

China has emerged as the most efficient user of energy worldwide.

Question 33

In 1066, William the Conqueror defeated Harold II in the Battle of Hastings, establishing Norman rule in _____.

A) Brazil
B) China
C) England
D) Japan
E) France

Question 34

Which of the following commodities dominated the trade between Britain and China during the early 1800s?

A) Bamboo
B) Mother-of-pearl
C) Silk
D) Tea
E) Porcelain

Question 35

Petroleum's versatility ensures that petroleum-related products still dominate energy usage.

Question 36

The _____ was a political protest against the British prohibition of Yankee traders from dealing directly with merchants in Canton.

A) Hong Kong Revolution
B) Boston Tea Party
C) Taiping Rebellion
D) First Opium War
E) Canton Uprising

Question 37

Which of the following events in the history of China has made the country wary of foreign influences?

A) The Boxer Revolution
B) The Satsuma Rebellion
C) The Nanjing Rebellion
D) The Hong Kong Revolution
E) The Opium Wars

Question 38

Which of the following commodities helped Britain erase the tea-caused trade deficit with China during the 1800s?

A) Watches
B) Betel nuts
C) Diamonds
D) Textiles
E) Opium

Question 39

According to some economists, economic prosperity is a factor that leads to the decline in fertility rates.

Question 40

Which of the following events caused the Chinese to cede Hong Kong to the British?

A) The First Opium War
B) The Satsuma Rebellion
C) The Tianjing Rebellion
D) The Taiping War
E) The Hong Kong Revolution

Question 41

What was the overall end result of the Mexican War of 1846-1848?

A) Mexico was forced to cede California to the U.S.
B) The U.S. and Mexico signed a non-aggression pact.
C) Mexico gave up California and the U.S. gave up Baja California.
D) Mexico paid the U.S. $5 million for war damages.
E) The U.S. signed a pledge to not invade Mexico again.

Question 42

In 1561, _____ came to Europe from the Near East, via the Dutch traders, for the first time.

A) tulips
B) roses
C) chrysanthemums
D) sunflowers
E) carnations

Question 43

In 1425, the Hanseatic city of _____ became the first Atlantic seaport to be a major trading center.

A) Bastogne
B) Lubeck
C) Brugge
D) Mons
E) Cologne

Question 44

Manifest Destiny and the _____ were accepted as the basis for U.S. foreign policy during much of the 19^th and 20^th centuries.

A) Roosevelt Corollary
B) North American Security Treaty
C) Monroe Doctrine
D) Grant Mandate
E) Hays Corollary

Question 45

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the feelings of most Mexicans toward the United States?

A) Mexicans trust and favor the United States above other trading partners.
B) Mexicans prefer Europeans over the United States with respect to trade.
C) Mexico considers the United States a protector who will help it emerge as a world power.
D) Mexicans see the United States as a threat to their political, economic, and cultural independence.
E) Mexicans see the United States as a land of abundant opportunity and good fortune.

Question 46

Abstention of the United States from European political affairs was one of the three basic dicta of the _____.

A) Monroe Doctrine
B) North American Security Treaty
C) Hays Corollary
D) Grant Mandate
E) Roosevelt Corollary

Question 47

In 1531, _____ stock exchange was the first exchange to move into its own building, signifying its importance in financing commercial enterprises throughout Europe.

A) Bruges
B) Amsterdam
C) Frankfurt
D) Antwerp
E) Berliner Borse

Question 48

In 1450, the _____ was the first book printed with movable type.

A) Iliad
B) Gutenberg Bible
C) Codex Manesse
D) Scriptorium
E) Odyssey

Question 49

The Manifest Destiny specifically referred to the:

A) political clout of the United States over European countries.
B) territorial expansion of the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
C) focus on investment and infrastructure development in Asia-Pacific.
D) network of intelligence operations across the world, especially the Communist world.
E) "white man's burden" to develop the underdeveloped parts of the world.

Question 50

In 1600, _____ were brought from South America to Europe, where they quickly spread to the rest of world and become a staple of agricultural production.

A) tomatoes
B) potatoes
C) shallots
D) peanuts
E) eggplants

Question 51

Which of the following events, leading to the overthrowing of the dictator D'az, is particularly remembered for the expulsion of foreigners-most notably North American businessmen who were the most visible of the wealthy and influential entrepreneurs?

A) The Madero Rebellion
B) The Mexican Revolution
C) The Los Niños Rebellion
D) The Mexican-American War
E) The San Patricios Revolution

Question 52

Which of the following may best explain why the Japanese have such strong loyalty toward their companies?

A) Zen philosophy
B) Taoism
C) Confucian philosophy
D) Buddhism
E) Bushido philosophy

Question 53

In the context of U.S. foreign policy in the 19^th and the 20^th centuries, _____, in its broadest interpretation, meant that Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society.

A) Roosevelt Corollary
B) Monroe Doctrine
C) Hays Corollary
D) Grant Mandate
E) Manifest Destiny

Question 54

Japan was an isolated country before the arrival of _____ in 1853.

A) Marco Polo
B) Admiral Halsey
C) Commodore Perry
D) Admiral Pennington
E) The East India Company

Question 55

In 1600, Japan began trading _____ for foreign goods.

A) diamonds
B) gold
C) platinum
D) copper
E) silver

Question 56

In 1464, the French royal mail service was established by _____.

A) Clovis I
B) Napoleon III
C) Childeric I
D) Childebert I
E) Louis XI

Question 57

Which of the following policies was used in the formation of a provisional government in Cuba in 1906?

A) The Manifest Destiny
B) The Hay Manifesto
C) The Wilson Mandate
D) The Roosevelt Corollary
E) The Gadsden Policy Position

Question 58

The idea of Manifest Destiny was used to justify the U.S. annexation of _____.

A) Virginia
B) Ohio
C) Pennsylvania
D) California
E) Carolina

Question 59

In the context of the Mexican-American War, the president of Mexico, the cabinet, and the diplomatic corps assemble at the Mexico City fortress every September 13 to recall the defeat that led to the _____.

A) "despojo territorial"
B) "la pérdida de comercio"
C) "destrucción de la propiedad"
D) "soldados mutilados"
E) "los niños sin hogar"

Question 60

Which of the following events occurred during the Mexican Revolution?

A) The overthrowing of dictator Ernesto Zedillo
B) The youth movement against religion
C) The nationalization of Mexican oil industry
D) The expulsion of North American businessmen
E) The support of French arms for revolutionaries

Question 61

_____ is the study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples, industries, and resources.

A) Geophysics
B) Geography
C) Cartography
D) Demography
E) Remote sensing

Question 62

Which of the following sources of energy provides the preponderance of energy in much of the underdeveloped world?

A) Nuclear power
B) Human labor
C) Wind energy
D) Geothermal power
E) Fossil fuel

Question 63

Which of the following sources of energy dominates the world's energy usage?

A) Hydroelectric power
B) Petroleum products
C) Wind energy
D) Geothermal power
E) Nuclear power

Question 64

Which of the following sources of energy has a greater emphasis in North America?

A) Animal wastes
B) Natural gas
C) Coal
D) Oil
E) Wood

Question 65

Which of the following best explains why petroleum-related products continue to dominate energy usage?

A) It is easy to store and transport.
B) Most governments do not favor alternate energy sources.
C) It is still the cheapest form of fuel.
D) Petroleum products remain the most efficient forms of fuel.
E) The reserves of petroleum are unlimited.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true about the consumption of petroleum products by the United States?

A) America is the largest producer of petroleum products.
B) America is likely to stay self-sufficient for the next several decades.
C) America is the third largest consumer of petroleum products.
D) America has become a major importer of petroleum products.
E) Petroleum products are no longer the largest source of energy for the U.S.

Question 67

Which of the following best describes the current perception of geographical features such as mountains in the context of economic growth in Europe?

A) They provide natural protection from potentially hostile neighbors.
B) They are impediments to efficient trade and communication.
C) They are natural landmarks that symbolize national treasure.
D) They are fortuitous blessings that provide a wealth of natural resources.
E) They are symbols of national heritage and history.

Question 68

Which of the following countries is the world's top polluter, at present, in almost all respects?

A) Brazil
B) China
C) Sudan
D) Afghanistan
E) Zimbabwe

Question 69

Which of the following is true of the industrialized world's population?

A) It is increasing at an unprecedented pace.
B) It is in decline and rapidly aging.
C) It mainly consists of young adults.
D) It is similar to the population of developing countries.
E) It has remained constant for a long time.

Question 70

Which of the following treaties was revised to include a total ban on the export of hazardous wastes by developed nations?

A) Treaty of Lisbon
B) The Basel Convention
C) The North American Free Trade Agreement
D) ASEAN charter
E) St. Andrews agreement

Question 71

_____ development is a joint approach among those who seek economic growth with "wise resource management, equitable distribution of benefits and reduction of negative effects on people and the environment from the process of economic growth."

A) Parallel
B) Global
C) Sustainable
D) Unrestricted
E) Holistic

Question 72

Which of the following countries has an inefficient oil usage pattern chiefly due to outdated technology?

A) Africa
B) Latin America
C) China
D) North America
E) Japan

Question 73

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, which of the following is a by-product of pollution controls?

A) Corporate environmental responsibility
B) Higher tariffs against developing countries
C) The disposal of hazardous waste
D) Reduced availability of petroleum products
E) The emission of greenhouse gases

Question 74

The _____, a cornerstone of early U.S. foreign policy, dictated that no further European colonization in the New World would be accepted.

A) Madison Corollary
B) Monroe Doctrine
C) Hays Corollary
D) Wilson Policy Position
E) Manifest Destiny

Question 75

Which of the following countries is considered to be the world's most efficient user of energy?

A) Canada
B) Vietnam
C) Japan
D) India
E) China

Question 76

Which of the following statements is true with respect to the economic effects of controlling population growth?

A) Fertility rates increase proportionately to the rate of economic growth.
B) A decline in fertility rate is a function of economic prosperity.
C) Lower male-female ratios favor higher fertility rates.
D) Developing nations tend to have lower fertility compared to developed nations.
E) Higher population growth rates have resulted in increased global trade.

Question 77

_____ includes an understanding of how a society's culture and economy are affected as a nation struggles to supply its people's needs within the limits imposed by its physical makeup.

A) Remote sensing
B) Geography
C) Cartography
D) Demography
E) Geomatics

Question 78

Which of the following is true with respect to the dynamics of global population trends?

A) The demand for goods worldwide may have no effect on migration patterns.
B) Changes in the distribution of population among the world's countries may fail to influence demand.
C) The global financial crisis has caused migration from rural to urban areas within countries.
D) Economic growth forecasts and assumptions about fertility rates are independent of each other.
E) The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets.

Question 79

The United States' acquisition of the Panama Canal Zone best exemplifies the _____.

A) Manifest Destiny
B) Hay Manifesto
C) Roosevelt Corollary
D) Gadsden Policy Position
E) Wilson Mandate

Question 80

Which of the following U.S. foreign policies was applied in 1905 when the Dominican Republic was forced to accept the appointment of an American economic adviser?

A) The Manifest Destiny
B) The Hay Manifesto
C) The Wilson Mandate
D) The Gadsden Policy Position
E) The Roosevelt Corollary