Deck 7: Quantitative Research Methods

Question 1

Once the related literature has been collected and thoroughly reviewed, the researcher must ______.

A) synthesize the body of literature
B) remove the contradictory research
C) add your own opinions on the literate
D) bring in a second opinion

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Quantitative strategies of inquiry ______.

A) rely on a variety of data forms
B) narrow the number of participants
C) describe, explain, predict, or control variables
D) use narrative description

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the purpose of conducting quantitative research studies?

A) to be able to construct a narrative case study
B) to investigate by measuring variables
B) to make critical change
C) to investigate the quality of a given topic

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The steps for conducting quantitative research ______.

A) are followed sequentially
B) are distinct and divergent
C) follow analysis
D) involve constructing a narrative

Question 5

Gay, Mills, and Airasian (2009) point out that qualitative research involves ______.

A) numerical data
B) data in narrative or visual form
C) qualitative or mixed-methods studies
D) only observation

Question 6

How do quantitative studies differ from qualitative studies?

A) They ensure a comprehensive set of approaches for examining topics.
B) They differ in numerous ways.
C) Quantitative studies offer narrative analysis.
D) They differ only in data analysis.

Question 7

Quantitative research data collection instruments, procedures, and sampling strategies typically do not change once the study has begun. This is to ensure ______.

A) objectivity
B) subjectivity
C) clarity
D) publication

Question 8

Quantitative research emphasizes ______.

A) intangible sources
B) reviews
C) objectivity
D) subjectivity

Question 9

Quantitative strategies of inquiry do not include ______.

A) correlational studies
B) being evaluated with nonspecific criteria
C) a more effective study
D) deductive reasoning

Question 10

______ is used whenever the researcher has access to all, or most, members of a given group who are located in one place.

A) Return administration
B) Personal administration
C) Return rate
D) Direct administration

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the approaches for conducting quantitative research?

A) They may use various narratives.
B) They may be experiential or nonexperiential.
C) They may be experimental or nonexperimental.
D) They protect nonhuman participants in studies.

Question 12

The purpose of quantitative studies is typically ______ and ______.

A) broad; specific
B) specific; narrow
C) fluid; specific
D) broad; fluid

Question 13

Which of the following is true of quantitative research?

A) It includes observational research.
B) It includes narrative research.
C) It only uses research questions.
D) Hypotheses are always stated in directional form.

Question 14

______ studies are the most conclusive of all research designs.

A) Quantitative
B) Nonexperimental
C) Experimental
D) Observational

Question 15

What do quantitative researchers do?

A) conduct the study in abbreviated ways
B) believe the world is stable and can be measured
C) use holistic description
D) analyze via thick description

Question 16

Quantitative researchers analyze data ______.

A) early
B) inductively
C) statistically
D) rigidly

Question 17

One feature of quantitative research is ______.

A) entirely subjective
B) primarily subjective
C) subjective and monotheoristic
D) objective

Question 18

______ is one characteristic of quantitative research.

A) Plan development
B) Sampling strategies
C) Primary, secondary
D) Research design

Question 19

Quantitative research studies tend to be ______ in scope, focusing on a handful of key ______.

A) cohesive; studies
B) conducted; universities
C) multiplied; populations
D) narrow; variables

Question 20

Which of the following is not an underlying belief of quantitative research?

A) Our world is relatively stable and uniform.
B) We can't truly measure the world around us.
C) We can understand the world around us.
D) We can make generalizations about the world around us.

Question 21

If a cross-sectional survey is conducted for an entire population, the resulting survey is known as a ______.

A) sample
B) census
C) chronicle
D) proliferation

Question 22

Correlational research in education seeks out traits, abilities, or conditions that ______.

A) code
B) are variables
C) covary
D) are variations

Question 23

Which of the following symbolizes a correlation coefficient?

A) r
B) r (in italics)
C) r²
D) r² (in italics)

Question 24

In survey research, the sample must be selected using a(n) ______ sampling technique to ensure more accurate representation of the population.

A) accessible
B) convenience
C) nonprobability
D) probability

Question 25

A ______ involves the researcher studying within a specified population subgroup whose members share some common characteristic.

A) chronicle study
B) trend study
C) cohort study
D) panel study

Question 26

Which of the following is an approach to quantitative research?

A) semiotics
B) historical
C) causal-comparative
D) community-oriented

Question 27

In a ______, individuals in one group or cohort are studied at different points in time.

A) cross-sectional survey
B) longitudinal survey
C) descriptive survey
D) direct survey

Question 28

Which of the following is a quantitative, nonexperimental, descriptive research design?

A) single-subject research
B) survey research
C) causal-comparative
D) correlational research

Question 29

A ______ involves the researcher examining the exact same people over a specified length of time.

A) chronicle study
B) trend study
C) cohort study
D) panel study

Question 30

A ______ is a one-shot survey for the purpose of simply describing the characteristics of a sample at one point in time.

A) cross-sectional survey
B) longitudinal survey
C) descriptive survey
D) direct survey

Question 31

______ is the degree to which measured differences on the dependent variable are a direct result of the manipulation of the independent variable, and not some other variable or extraneous condition or influence.

A) External validity
B) Internal validity
C) Internal reliability
D) External reliability

Question 32

The ______ serves as a justification for the research problem regardless of the research type, and its role is much more central to the design of a quantitative study than to that of a qualitative study.

A) research setting
B) methodology
C) research plan
D) literature review

Question 33

A ______ is a longitudinal study that examines changes within a specifically identified population over time.

A) chronicle study
B) trend study
C) cohort study
D) panel study

Question 34

Quantitative researchers believe that ______.

A) nothing should be left to chance
B) the research design can emerge during the process of research
C) the research process should be flexible
D) the research questions will emerge through analysis

Question 35

Explanatory correlation studies do which of the following?

A) help us comprehend and describe certain related events, conditions, and behaviors.
B) help us predict future conditions or behaviors in one variable from what we presently know of in another variable.
C) help us prove that correlation explains causation.
D) help us understand people over a certain length of time.

Question 36

Which of the following describes the first step in conducting a quantitative study?

A) selection of participants
B) statement of research questions and/or hypotheses
C) identification of the research problem to be studied
D) development of a written literature review

Question 37

The proper interpretation of correlation coefficients allows the researcher to conclude that a relationship has a certain ______ and ______.

A) magnitude; direction
B) cause; effect
C) beginning; ending
D) size; cause

Question 38

A ______ involves the examination of the characteristics of--and possibly differences among--several samples or population measured at one point in time.

A) cross-sectional survey
B) longitudinal survey
C) descriptive survey
D) direct survey

Question 39

Which of the following is not a threat to internal validity?

A) history
B) maturation
C) attrition
D) efficiency

Question 40

______ embody a group of techniques used to conduct quantitative research where there is no manipulation done to any variable in the study.

A) Experimental research designs
B) Nonexperimental research designs
C) Summative research designs
D) Formative research designs

Question 41

Quantitative researchers believe that nothing should be left to chance, and their research design reflects that.

Question 42

Which of the following is not a threat to external validity?

A) population validity
B) personological validity
C) sample validity
D) ecological validity

Question 43

A strength of correlational research is that it can yield data that depict the complexity of human behavior.

Question 44

______ designs involve two or more ______ variables, at least one of which is manipulated.

A) Single-variable; independent
B) Single-variable; dependent
C) Factorial; independent
D) Factorial; dependent

Question 45

There are three basic types of surveys: descriptive, cross-sectional, and latitudinal.

Question 46

Telephone surveys are especially effective at gathering responses to open-ended questions.

Question 47

______ designs come the closest to true experiments, but they still lack ______ of participants to groups.

A) Experimental; random assignment
B) Quasi-experimental; systematic assignment
C) Quasi-experimental; random assignment
D) Preexperimental; random assignment

Question 48

Only random sampling techniques will guarantee perfect representation.

Question 49

When conducting quantitative studies, researchers seek to describe current situations, establish relationships between variables, and sometimes attempt to explain causal relationships between variables.

Question 50

Interviews are the most costly type of data collection in survey research.

Question 51

Which of the following involves the loss of participants during a study?

A) history
B) maturation
C) attrition
D) regression

Question 52

Mail surveys are, typically, cost-effective for acquiring a large sampling of individuals.

Question 53

Cross-sectional surveys are the most commonly used.

Question 54

In nearly every quantitative study, the steps are followed in sequential order.

Question 55

Researchers use correlational data to examine causal relationships.

Question 56

In a(n) ______ quasi-experimental design, an extensive amount of data is collected on one group by first pretesting the participants repeatedly until the pretest scores become stable.

A) one-group pretest-posttest
B) static-group comparison
C) counterbalanced design
D) time-series design

Question 57

When using web or e-mail surveys, a 50% response rate may be acceptable.

Question 58

In a(n) ______ quasi-experimental design, each group is exposed to each treatment, but in a different order than are the other groups.

A) one-group pretest-posttest
B) static-group comparison
C) counterbalanced design
D) time-series design

Question 59

Among the strengths of correlational research is the simplicity of its design.

Question 60

Two commonly used descriptive designs are correlational research and survey research.

Question 61

The Solomon four-group design is a combination of the posttest-only control group design and the pretest-posttest control group design.

Question 62

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of quasi-experimental research.

Question 63

Describe the basic design of a correlational study.

Question 64

Discuss the strengths and limitations of correlational research.

Question 65

Electronic surveys are becoming more common. Describe some technological limitations of web-based and other electronic surveys.

Question 66

The static-group comparison design includes pre-testing.

Question 67

What is descriptive research?

Question 68

Discuss the weaknesses of experimental research.

Question 69

Explain why the results of correlational research can be used for prediction purposes.

Question 70

Explain how quantitative researchers follow steps for conducting studies.

Question 71

Explain the differences among the commonly used quantitative research designs.

Question 72

Describe a pilot test and explain it's basic purpose.

Question 73

The most complex form of single-subject research design is known as the A-B design.

Question 74

Explain how data collection and analysis in quantitative research are appropriate for its purpose.

Question 75

Discuss the strengths of experimental research.

Question 76

Describe random selection and random assignment.

Question 77

Identify and discuss the primary difference in the ideologies behind qualitative and quantitative research.

Question 78

Explain why random selection is important in quantitative research.