Deck 11: Measurement

Question 1

A(n)_____ defines a variable in terms of specific measurement criteria.

A) operational definition
B) empirical definition
C) measurement rule
D) mapping rule
E) conceptual definition

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Measurement in research consists of assigning numbers to _____ in compliance with a set of rules.

A) events
B) objects
C) properties
D) activities
E) all of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

LeBron James wears the number 23 on his jersey.Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by this number?

A) Distance
B) Order
C) Classification
D) Origin
E) Exclusivity

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which characteristics of data are exhibited by the variable,gender?

A) Classification only
B) Classification and order
C) Classification, order, and distance
D) Classification, order, distance, and origin
E) Classification, order, distance, origin, and exclusivity

Question 5

Order,one of the four characteristics of mapping rules,refers to _____.

A) the use of ordered numbers such that two is less than three but greater than one
B) the use of numbers used to group or sort responses when no order to the numbers exists
C) the use of a series of numbers in which each number is an equal distance from the next
D) the use of a series of numbers with a unique origin indicated by the number zero
E) the use of a number that is not used again

Question 6

Origin,one of the four characteristics of mapping rules,refers to _____.

A) the use of ordered numbers such that two is less than three but greater than one
B) the use of numbers used to group or sort responses when no order to the numbers exists
C) the use of a series of numbers in which each number is an equal distance from the next
D) the use of a series of numbers with a unique origin indicated by the number zero
E) the use of a number that is not used again

Question 7

Which characteristic of mapping rules refers to a series of numbers in which each number in the series is an equal distance from the next number?

A) Classification
B) Order
C) Distance
D) Origin
E) Exclusivity

Question 8

What is the goal of measurement in research?

A) To reflect both quantitative and qualitative concepts
B) To provide the highest-quality, lowest error data for data analysis
C) To describe, explain, and make predictions based on the information
D) To attach meaning to symbols
E) To specify the empirical information needed

Question 9

Distance,one of the four characteristics of mapping rules,refers to _____.

A) the use of ordered numbers such that two is less than three but greater than one
B) the use of numbers used to group or sort responses when no order to the numbers exists
C) the use of a series of numbers in which each number is an equal distance from the next
D) the use of a series of numbers with a unique origin indicated by the number zero
E) the use of a number that is not used again

Question 10

Which characteristic of mapping rules refers to ordered numbers in which one number is greater than,less than,or equal to another number?

A) Classification
B) Order
C) Distance
D) Origin
E) Exclusivity

Question 11

The New York Times Dining Section rates the restaurants it reviews using a system such that one star means good,two stars means very good,three stars means excellent,and four stars means extraordinary.Which of the following characteristics are exhibited by this rating scheme?

A) Classification only
B) Classification and order
C) Classification, order, and distance
D) Classification, order, distance, and origin
E) Classification, order, distance, origin, and exclusivity

Question 12

The record low in Buffalo,New York for February 16 this 20 degrees below 0.Which of the following characteristics are exhibited by this temperature?

A) Classification only
B) Classification and order
C) Classification, order, and distance
D) Classification, order, distance, and origin
E) Classification, order, distance, origin, and exclusivity

Question 13

A _____ is a scheme for assigning numbers of symbols to represent aspects of the event being measured.

A) measurement tool
B) mapping rule
C) ruler
D) scale
E) property

Question 14

Socioeconomic class affiliation is a type of _____.

A) object
B) physical property
C) psychological property
D) social property
E) mapping rule

Question 15

Attendance at raceways most recent two races have hit attendance records with 60,000 present at one and 65,000 present at another.Which of the following characteristics are exhibited by these attendance measures?

A) Classification only
B) Classification and order
C) Classification, order, and distance
D) Classification, order, distance, and origin
E) Classification, order, distance, origin, and exclusivity

Question 16

Weight,height,and temperature are all types of _____.

A) objects
B) physical properties
C) psychological properties
D) constructs
E) mapping rules

Question 17

To ride the roller coaster ride at an amusement park,customers must report their weight to the ride attendant.Which of the following characteristics are exhibited by weight?

A) Classification only
B) Classification and order
C) Classification, order, and distance
D) Classification, order, distance, and origin
E) Classification, order, distance, origin, and exclusivity

Question 18

Which of the following is not an example of an object?

A) Attitude
B) Furniture
C) Dog
D) Class affiliation
E) Weight

Question 19

Attitudes are a type of _____.

A) object
B) physical property
C) psychological property
D) social property
E) mapping rule

Question 20

Which characteristic of mapping rules refers to the numbers used to group or sort responses when no order to the numbers exists?

A) Classification
B) Order
C) Distance
D) Origin
E) Exclusivity

Question 21

Which measure of central tendency is appropriate for interval scales?

A) Mode
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Range
E) Dispersion

Question 22

Differences in respondent responses associated with where the interview took place,such as at the mall,in a home,or over the telephone are errors originating from the _____ associated with the study.

A) situational factors
B) respondent
C) interviewer
D) instrument
E) sample

Question 23

What is the median for the business research exam scores?

A) 74.4
B) 78
C) 72
D) 50
E) Between 50 and 100

Question 24

Calendar time is expressed on a(n)_____ scale while minutes,hours,and days are expressed on a(n)_____ scale.

A) nominal; ordinal
B) ordinal; interval
C) interval; ratio
D) ordinal; ratio
E) nominal; interval

Question 25

The appropriate measure of central tendency for an ordinal scale is the _____.

A) mode
B) mean
C) median
D) range
E) dispersion

Question 26

A ratio scale contains _____.

A) mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories as well as the property of order, but not distance or unique origin
B) the properties of order, classification, and equal distance between points but no unique origin
C) mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories, but without the properties of order, distance, and origin
D) the properties of classification, order, equal distance, and unique origin
E) the four major sources of error

Question 27

In a survey of football fans,each respondent is asked to indicate whether they have ever attended an NFL game.This question can be categorized as a(n)_____ scale.

A) ratio
B) interval
C) ordinal
D) nominal
E) semantic differential

Question 28

The _____ is the midpoint of a distribution.

A) mode
B) median
C) mean
D) range
E) dispersion

Question 29

The population of a city is an example of _____ data.

A) ratio
B) interval
C) nominal
D) ordinal
E) dispersed

Question 30

When the groups are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive,nominal scales must be limited to _____ groups.

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) ten
E) there is no limit

Question 31

The effects of fatigue,boredom,and social class on the measurement of an object are all errors originating from the _____.

A) situational factors
B) respondent
C) interviewer
D) instrument
E) sample

Question 32

What is the mode for the business research exam scores?

A) 74.4
B) 78
C) 72
D) 50
E) Between 50 and 100

Question 33

A nominal scale contains _____.

A) mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories as well as the property of order, but not distance or unique origin
B) the properties of order, classification, and equal distance between points but no unique origin
C) mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories, but without the properties of order, distance, and origin
D) the properties of classification, order, equal distance, and unique origin
E) the four major sources of error

Question 34

When analyzing nominal data,which measure of central tendency is appropriate?

A) mean
B) mode
C) median
D) range
E) dispersion

Question 35

Random error in measurement is the error that occurs _____.

A) erratically
B) due to bias
C) systematically
D) due to sampling
E) none of the above

Question 36

The New York Times Dining Section rates the restaurants it reviews using a system such that one star means good,two stars means very good,three stars means excellent,and four stars means extraordinary.This is a type of _____ scale.

A) ratio
B) interval
C) ordinal
D) nominal
E) semantic differential

Question 37

What is the arithmetic mean for the business research exam scores?

A) 74.4
B) 78
C) 72
D) 50
E) Between 50 and 100

Question 38

An interval scale contains _____.

A) mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories as well as the property of order, but not distance or unique origin
B) the properties of order, classification, and equal distance between points but no unique origin
C) mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories, but without the properties of order, distance, and origin
D) the properties of classification, order, equal distance, and unique origin
E) the four major sources of error

Question 39

_____ describes how scores cluster or scatter in a distribution.

A) Mode
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Dispersion
E) Range

Question 40

An ordinal scale contains _____.

A) mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories as well as the property of order, but not distance or unique origin
B) the properties of order, classification, and equal distance between points but no unique origin
C) mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories, but without the properties of order, distance, and origin
D) the properties of classification, order, equal distance, and unique origin
E) the four major sources of error

Question 41

Which statistical technique listed below would be used to compare the results of the March survey to the results of the June survey in the U.S.News and World Report's assessment of reliability?

A) Mean
B) Dispersion
C) Correlation
D) Regression
E) ANOVA

Question 42

_____ is the extent to which a measurement tool actually measures what we wish to measure.

A) Reliability
B) Validity
C) Practicality
D) Significance
E) Standardization

Question 43

Explain the three characteristics of a good measurement tool.

Question 44

Convergent validity and discriminant validity are components of _____ validity.

A) external
B) internal
C) criterion-related
D) construct
E) content

Question 45

What are the three dimensions of reliability? For each dimension,explain its meaning.What type of test can be used to assess each dimension?

Question 46

An attitude scale that correctly forecasts the outcome of a purchase decision has _____ validity.

A) discriminant
B) content
C) face
D) concurrent
E) predictive

Question 47

Name the four sources of error in measurement and provide an example for each.

Question 48

Which of the following types of validity refers to the extent to which measurement scales provide adequate coverage of the investigative questions?

A) External
B) Content
C) Criterion-related
D) Construct
E) Discriminant

Question 49

Which type of validity refers to the degree to which scores on one scale correlate with scores on other scales designed to assess the same construct?

A) Predictive
B) Concurrent
C) Convergent
D) Discriminant
E) Content

Question 50

If the U.S.News and World Report seeks to assess equivalence of alternate forms of measuring academic reputation,it should utilize a _____ type of test.

A) test-retest
B) Cronbach's alpha
C) parallel forms
D) split-half
E) KR20

Question 51

In the U.S.News and World Report study of school rankings,academic reputation is measured with five questions about each university.Which test will assess the extent to which those five items reflect academic reputation?

A) Test-retest
B) Cronbach's alpha
C) Parallel forms
D) Split-half
E) KR20

Question 52

Which type of test is used in the U.S.News and World Report example to assess reliability?

A) Split-half
B) Test-retest
C) Cronbach's alpha
D) Parallel forms
E) None of the above

Question 53

What are the four characteristics of mapping rules? Which of the four types of data corresponds with the possible combinations of these characteristics? Provide an example for each.

Question 54

_____ is the extent to which a measurement is accurate and precise.

A) Reliability
B) Validity
C) Practicality
D) Significance
E) Standardization