Deck 17: Descriptive Statistics

Question 1

Given the following set of scores 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6; The score that represents the mode is:

A) 5.
B) 6.
C) 7.
D) 9.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The mean of the following distribution 1,2,4,4,5,5,5,6,6,8,9 is:

A) 2.
B) 4.
C) 5.
D) 6.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The measure of central tendency used for interval and ratio data is usually the

A) mode.
B) standard deviation.
C) mean.
D) median.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Tabulation of data refers to

A) initial organization of quantitative data.
B) final 'counts' of qualitative data.
C) initial inferential statistics.
D) creating manuscript tables after analysis.

Question 5

If data are categorical, tabulation includes

A) creating graphs.
B) coding responses.
C) counting responses.
D) statistical analysis.

Question 6

The mode of the following distribution is 1,2,4,4,5,5,5,6,6,8,9 is:

A) 2.
B) 4.
C) 5.
D) 6.

Question 7

The measure of central tendency often used for ordinal data is the

A) mode.
B) standard deviation.
C) mean.
D) median.

Question 8

Which of he following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

A) Mode
B) Standard deviation
C) Mean
D) Median

Question 9

The median of the following distribution 1,2,4,4,5,5,5,6,6,8,9 is:

A) 2.
B) 4.
C) 5.
D) 6.

Question 10

Statistical formulas use _____________ letters as shorthand.

A) Greek
B) Latin
C) Capital
D) Ordinal

Question 11

The range of the following distribution 1,2,4,4,5,5,5,6,6,8,9 is:

A) 4.
B) 8.
C) 9.
D) 10.

Question 12

The measure of central tendency appropriate for nominal data is the

A) mode.
B) standard deviation.
C) mean.
D) median.

Question 13

Machine-scored data can best assist with

A) the validity of the assessment. b the reliability of the assessment.
C) the reliability of the scoring.
D) the validity of the scoring.

Question 14

A numerical index calculated for a sample drawn from a population is referred to as a

A) statistic.
B) inferential.
C) parameter.
D) statistic.

Question 15

The measure of central tendency that represents the midpoint of the scores in a distribution is the

A) mode.
B) standard deviation.
C) mean.
D) median.

Question 16

Francis wants to present the average mathematics score attained by the participants in her study. She needs to report a measure of

A) dispersion index.
B) variability.
C) central tendency.
D) relative position.

Question 17

Given the following, 1,2,4,4,5,5,5,6,6,8,9, what can be said regarding their distribution?

A) It resembles a normal distribution.
B) It is negatively skewed.
C) It is positively skewed.
D) It is bi-modal.

Question 18

Given the following test scores, what can be said regarding their distribution? 92, 92, 73, 68, 80, 82, 91, 86, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97.

A) It resembles a normal distribution
B) It is negatively skewed.
C) it is positively skewed.
D) It is unimodal.

Question 19

Given the following test scores, what score represents the median? 92, 92, 73, 68, 80, 91, 82, 86, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97.

A) 68
B) 87
C) 92
D) 97

Question 20

Kari's research study measured the effects of cooperative learning on learners' ability to solve complex problems. After scoring the problems and entering the data, her advisor told her she must have another researcher score the problems. Interestingly, the scores she gave the participants did not match the scores that the other researcher gave. Kari's scoring problem is indicative of a problem with

A) internal consistency reliability.
B) inter-rater reliability.
C) content validity.
D) consequential validity.

Question 21

Given a person with a z score of 0 on a norm-referenced assessment, what can we conclude regarding her performance? Compared to the norm group,

A) the person performed poorly.
B) the person performed at the mean.
C) the person performed above average.
D) the person performed at the 34 percentile.

Question 22

The most commonly used measure of variability used with interval and ratio data is the

A) standard deviation.
B) mean.
C) quartile deviation.
D) range.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability?

A) Standard deviation
B) Mean
C) Quartile deviation
D) Range

Question 24

Given the following set of scores: 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6. The score that represents the range is:

A) 6.
B) 7.
C) 9.
D) 10.

Question 25

Of the following, which represents a negatively skewed distribution?

A) Mean < median
B) Median < mean
C) Mode < median
D) Mode < mean

Question 26

Measures of relative position include

A) means.
B) standard deviations.
C) percentile ranks.
D) frequency distributions.

Question 27

In a distribution with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 5, a T score of 30 equals a score of

A) 35.
B) 40.
C) 45.
D) 55.

Question 28

Given the following set of scores: 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6. The score that represents the standard deviation is

A) 1.8
B) 2.3
C) 2.6
D) 3.0

Question 29

Of the following, which represents a positively skewed distribution?

A) Mean < median
B) Median < mean
C) Median < Mode
D) Mean < Mode

Question 30

Given a person who has a T score of 30 on a norm-referenced assessment, what can we conclude regarding his performance compared to the norm group? The student

A) did well on the assessment.
B) performed average on the assessment.
C) performed within 1 standard deviation of the mean.
D) performed poorly on the assessment.

Question 31

A small deviation indicates that

A) there are a small number of data points.
B) the median score is relatively small.
D) there are a number of missing data points.

Question 32

A score at -1 standard deviation represents a percentile rank of approximately
B) 16%.
C) 34%.
D) 68%.

Question 33

If there are extreme scores in a data set, what is the most appropriate measure of central tendency to indicate the most typical score?

A) Mode
B) Standard deviation
C) Mean
D) Median

Question 34

Given the following set of scores: 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6. The score that represents the mean is:

A) 5.
B) 6.
C) 8.
D) 10.

Question 35

Given the following set of scores: 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6. The score that represents the variance is

A) 3.25
B) 5.40
C) 6.76
D) 9.0

Question 36

Given a mean of 15 and a median of 22 what can we say about the distribution of scores?

A) It is negatively skewed distribution.
B) It is positively skewed distribution.
C) We cannot determine its distribution.
D) It is normally distributed.

Question 37

The measure that represents the difference between the highest and lowest score is the

A) standard deviation.
B) mean.
C) median.
D) range.

Question 38

Given the following set of scores: 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6. The score that represents the median is:

A) 6.
B) 7.
C) 9.
D) 10.

Question 39

In a distribution with a mean of 28 and a standard deviation of 2 almost all the scores fall between

A) 22-34.
B) 24-32. c 22-30.
D) 26-30.

Question 40

In a distribution with a mean of 68 and a standard deviation of 4, approximately 84% of scores fall below

A) 64.
B) 72.
C) 76.
D) 80.

Question 41

A student scored at the 88^th percentile in mathematics achievement on the national assessment. Of the following, which is an appropriate interpretation of the student's score?

A) His T score is approximately 58.
B) His z score less than 2.
C) His stanine score is approximately 6.
D) His score is higher than the mean.

Question 42

The statistical symbol 'n' represents

A) any given score.
B) total number of participants.
C) number of participants in a particular group.
D) the mean.

Question 43

A standard score is a measure of

A) variability.
B) central tendency.
C) relative position.
D) correlation.

Question 44

Kenny received a raw score of 42. Given the test had a mean of 48, a median of 48, and a standard deviation of 3. Given Kenny's information above, what is his T score?

A) 20
B) 30
C) 50
D) 60

Question 45

Logan accessed an existing database to answer his research question regarding the role of identification of a learning disability and odds of going to a private school. The variables of interest include category of disability, type of school, achievement scores in the first, third, and sixth grade, parents SES. Logan needs to report the correlations among first, third, and sixth grade achievement scores. Which is the most likely measure of relationship appropriate for him to use?

A) Spearman Rho
B) Pearson r
C) Cronbach's alpha
D) Kendall's Tau

Question 46

Logan accessed an existing database to answer his research question regarding the role of identification of a learning disability and odds of going to a private school. The variables of interest include category of disability, type of school, achievement scores in the first, third, and sixth grade, parents SES. Logan will report a measure of variability for each of the achievement scores. Which will he most likely report?

A) Mean
B) Range
C) Standard Deviation
D) Median

Question 47

To convert a raw score to a z score, one needs the following information:

A) raw score and mean.
B) raw score and standard deviation.
C) mean and standard deviation.
D) raw score, mean, and standard deviation.

Question 48

The z score is an example of a

A) standard score.
B) correlation measure.
C) variability.
D) measure of central tendency.

Question 49

Claus received a raw score of 86. Given that the test had a mean of 88, and a standard deviation of 4. What is Claus's approximate T score?

A) 0
B) 45
C) 75
D) 90

Question 50

Given the following distribution of test scores: 88,90,78,82,94,86,80,92,92,96,98. The score that best represents the mean of the distribution is:

A) 84.
B) 89.
C) 93.
D) 98.

Question 51

David received a raw score of 56. Given a mean of 50, a median of 50, a standard deviation of 4. What is David's z score?

A) -1.5
B) 0.0
C) 1.5
D) 2.5

Question 52

Anne has two ordinal-level variables in a data set. Which of the following should she use to calculate a correlation between these two variables?

A) Spearman rho
B) Pearson r c Alpha coefficient
D) Kappa tau

Question 53

The statistical symbol '∑' represents the

A) sum of.
B) total number of subjects.
C) mean.
D) standard deviation

Question 54

Kenny received a raw score of 42. Given the test had a mean of 48, a median of 48, and a standard deviation of 3. What is Kenny's z score?

A) -2
B) -1
C) 1
D) 2

Question 55

Cynthia is reporting standardized test scores to parents of her students. She knows that on the test she gave the mean is an 80 and the standard deviation is 6. If her student Sharona received a t score of 40, which of the following can we accurately conclude regarding Sharona's performance?

A) She had a raw score greater than 80.
B) She had a positive z score.
C) Her stanine score was an 8.
D) Her performance was less than average.

Question 56

Given the following distribution of test scores: 88,90,78,82,94,86,80,92,92,96,98. The score that best represents the median of the distribution is:

A) 78.
B) 86.
C) 90.
D) 98.

Question 57

George collected achievement score data for each child from a middle school. He has their gender, age, teacher and score on the achievement measure as his data fields. George needs to calculate the central tendency of his variable achievement score. Which measure should he use?

A) median
B) mode
C) range
D) mean

Question 58

Given the following distribution of test scores: 88,90,78,82,94,86,80,92,92,96,98. The score that best represents the range of the distribution is:

A) 10.
B) 12.
C) 16.
D) 20.

Question 59

David received a raw score of 56. Given a mean of 50, a median of 50, a standard deviation of 4. Given David's information above, what is his T score?

A) 35
B) 55
C) 65
D) 75

Question 60

Given the following distribution of test scores: 88,90,78,82,94,86,80,92,92,96,98. The score that best represents the mode of the distribution is:

A) 80.
B) 86.
C) 92.
D) 98.

Question 61

Which of the following is a measure of variability?

A) Mode
B) Range
C) Median
D) Total score

Question 62

Given the following distribution-24,19,15,18,16,24,17-the score that best represents the mean is

A) 15
B) 18
C) 19
D) 24

Question 63

Nia has collected her dissertation data that tests a prediction model of student retention of international college students. She finds that in students from China, the predictor variables have much less variance than the same variables in students from European countries. Given this information, what can you conclude regarding the data set?

A) The standard deviation is likely smaller the Chinese students.
B) The mean is likely higher for the Chinese students.
C) The variance is likely larger for the European students.
D) The mean is likely higher for the European students.

Question 64

In her normally distributed achievement test scores, Lee's mean score is a 64 with a standard deviation of 6. What score would a student with a z score of 2 have on the test?

A) 58
B) 70
C) 76
D) 80

Question 65

Pete lives in a very demographically diverse community. Interestingly incomes are either quite high or quite low with few 'average' incomes in his town. He is conducting a survey regarding opinions about access to medical care. When he considers the variable 'income' in his data, which of the following is he most likely to report?

A) Range
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Mode

Question 66

Given a T score of 80, the z score would be

A) -1
B) 0
C) 2
D) 3

Question 67

Griffin conducted a poll of his eighth grade class. He would like to determine how many would rather go to an amusement park versus a water park for the class trip. Which of the following is Griffin most likely to report to his peers?

A) Variance in responses
B) Mean responses
C) Total responses by category
D) Mode of responses

Question 68

Claus received a raw score of 86. Given that the test had a mean of 88, and a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following best represents Claus's z score?

A) -1.5
B) -.5
C) .5
D) 2.5

Question 69

Given the following distribution-24,19,15,18,16,24,17-the score that best represents the mode is

A) 15
B) 18
C) 19
D) 24

Question 70

Given the following distribution-24,19,15,18,16,24,17-the score that best represents the median is

A) 15
B) 18
C) 19
D) 24

Question 71

Maricella has collected her thesis data that examines differences in PSAT Math achievement in Latino boys and girls. However, upon a second look at the graphs of her raw scores, it appears that the boys scores are more normally distributed and the girls scores are somewhat more bunched together around the mean. Given this information, what can you conclude regarding the data set?

A) The standard deviation is likely smaller for girls.
B) The girls' distribution is likely unimodal.
C) The girls' mean score is more representative of the data.
D) The girls' median is higher than the boys' median.

Question 72

Betsy is reporting the results of standardized testing to parents of her class students. Natal received a T score of 80. What is an accurate statement that Betsy might make to Natal's parents.

A) Natal scored at the lowest end of the distribution of scores.
B) Natal scored at about the mean of the group of students taking the assessment.
C) Natal scored at the highest end of the distribution of scores.
D) Natal scored an 80% correct on the items presented on the test.

Question 73

Peter, a sixth-grade mathematics teacher, recently administered an exam. He wants to report a measure of central tendency but he doesn't know what to do with the fact that two students have much lower scores than anyone else. What is the best measure of central tendency for Peter to report?

A) Range
B) Standard deviation
C) Median
D) Mean