Deck 30: The Americas in the Age of Independence

Question 1

The U.S.Civil War changed character on 1 January 1863,after

A) the battle of Gettysburg.
B) Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
C) the Nat Turner slave rebellion.
D) the battle of Antietam.
E) the Confederate states signed an alliance with the British.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The first prime minister of Canada was

A) Louis Riel.
B) Martin Fierro.
C) John Macdonald.
D) Pierre Trudeau.
E) Viscount McCartney.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The War of 1812

A) cost Canada almost a third of their territory.
B) split the country along ethnic lines.
C) split the country along religious lines.
D) led to a Canadian-U.S. alliance against Great Britain.
E) stimulated a new sense of Canadian unity against an external threat.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

New France passed into British control after the

A) War of 1812.
B) Thirty Years' War.
C) Seven Years' War.
D) American revolution.
E) War of the Spanish Succession.

Question 5

The U.S.invasion of Canada in the War of 1812

A) allowed for the Americas to claim the Dakotas,Idaho,and Montana.
B) ensured that Quebec would remain independent from the rest of Canada.
C) was the key event in ensuring the American victory over the British.
D) was repelled.
E) resulted in a humiliating defeat for the Canadians and long-standing hatred of the U.S.

Question 6

Which of the following future states was/were NOT passed from Mexico to the United States as part of the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A) Louisiana
B) California
C) Texas
D) New Mexico
E) California and New Mexico

Question 7

A major native American victory by the Lakota Sioux against the United States armed forces came in 1876 at the battle of

A) the Little Bighorn.
B) Wounded Knee.
C) the Plains.
D) Topeka.
E) Bleeding Kansas.

Question 8

The United States agreed to pay Mexico $15 million for Texas,California,and New Mexico as part of the Treaty of

A) Texan Succession.
B) Guadalupe Hidalgo.
C) Adams-Onís.
D) Paris.
E) Mexico City.

Question 9

The main spark for the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1845 was the United States' acceptance of the new state of

A) New Mexico.
B) Missouri.
C) Arizona.
D) Texas.
E) California.

Question 10

Simón Bolívar succinctly summed up the developing political situation in Latin America when he said

A) "The age of uncontested democracy has begun."
B) "I fear peace more than war."
C) "The key to true democracy is expanding the franchise to include every man."
D) "Unity through Gran Colombia is the future for Latin America."
E) "The behemoth to the north can only be constrained by a powerful Latin American confederation."

Question 11

Quebec,Ontario,Nova Scotia,and New Brunswick were joined together as the Dominion of Canada

A) by the British North America Act of 1867.
B) after the successful Canadian revolution of 1891-1893.
C) after the French government granted them independence.
D) as a last-ditch effort to keep America from annexing Nova Scotia.
E) by the Canadian Independence Act of 1917.

Question 12

Which of the following was NOT one of the chief factors in the outbreak of the U.S.Civil War?

A) the election of Abraham Lincoln
B) the issue of slavery
C) the imperatives of a budding industrial-capitalist system against those of an export-oriented plantation economy
D) the traditional argument between a British or French alliance
E) states' rights as opposed to the federal government's authority

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of the conflict in the Civil War?

A) The north fought exclusively for the abolishment of slavery.
B) Around 90 percent of the country's industrial capacity was in the north.
C) Two-thirds of the railroad lines were in the north.
D) Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation was followed two years later by the Thirteenth Amendment.
E) The first two years of the war ended in stalemate.

Question 14

Who was committed to free soil?

A) Thomas Jefferson
B) Stephen Douglas
C) Jefferson Davis
D) Simón Bolívar
E) Abraham Lincoln

Question 15

In 1803,the United States doubled in size,after the Louisiana territory was purchased from

A) Mexico.
B) Spain.
C) Canada.
D) Great Britain.
E) France.

Question 16

The native Americans who relocated from the eastern woodlands to Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears were the

A) Iroquois.
B) Sioux.
C) Cherokee.
D) Apache.
E) Pawnee.

Question 17

Fatt Hing Chin was

A) the founder of the Qing dynasty.
B) the leader of the White Lotus peasant movement.
C) the author of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
D) the leader of the Taiping rebellion.
E) a Chinese immigrant to the United States who panned for gold.

Question 18

The last major native American resistance was defeated in 1890 at the battle of

A) the Little Bighorn.
B) Etowah.
C) Fort Apache.
D) Sioux River.
E) Wounded Knee.

Question 19

The term "manifest destiny" is associated with what country?

A) United States
B) Great Britain
C) Japan
D) Germany
E) Russia

Question 20

The victory of the northern states in the U.S.Civil War meant that

A) there would no longer be sectional differences.
B) African-Americans would enjoy complete equality.
C) the federal government would remain small.
D) racism would no longer be a problem in the United States.
E) the federal government would have greater authority in the American republic.

Question 21

Louis Riel was the leader of the

A) caudillos.
B) métis.
C) zambos.
D) gauchos.
E) golondrinas.

Question 22

Who called for regional autonomy in an attempt to reconcile competing interests in Argentina?

A) Porfirio Díaz
B) Juan Manuel de Rosas
C) Emiliano Zapata
D) Benito Juárez
E) Simón Bolívar

Question 23

The lines,"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal," come from

A) the "declaration of sentiments" of the Seneca Falls Convention.
B) the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.
C) the Declaration of Independence.
D) Mary Wollstonecraft's The Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
E) the Constitution of Canada.

Question 24

After the conclusion of Reconstruction,freed slaves

A) achieved economic and political equality with whites.
B) received enough grants of land to become substantial economic competitors to the white population.
C) flocked to take advantage of the Back to Africa program.
D) quickly lost their political and civil liberties in the southern states.
E) almost unanimously migrated to the west in pursuit of economic opportunity.

Question 25

By the 1860s,Britain's leading supplier of beef was

A) the United States.
B) Holland.
C) Argentina.
D) Brazil.
E) Canada.

Question 26

With the defeat of Mexico,the United States laid claim to all Mexican territory in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Question 27

The British North America Act of 1867 joined Quebec and Ontario and recognized them as the Dominion of Canada.

Question 28

Written constitutions were more difficult to frame in Latin America than in the United States mainly because Latin American leaders had less experience with government,and creole elites prevented mass participation in public affairs.

Question 29

Emiliano Zapata was

A) a caudillo who dominated Argentina in the 1840s.
B) a Mexican agrarian rebel who fought for "land and liberty."
C) the "Machiavelli of the pampas."
D) the first influential Brazilian writer.
E) the president of Mexico in the 1920s.

Question 30

Walt Whitman was

A) a major proponent in Congress for capping the flow of migrants into the United States.
B) a pivotal figure in Reconstruction.
C) the leader of the Northwest Rebellion.
D) a poet who described the U.S. as "not merely a nation but a teeming nation of nations."
E) an early railroad baron.

Question 31

In the U.S.Civil War,the bloody battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 turned the tide against southern forces.

Question 32

The early stages of industrial development in the United States depended in large part on investment capital from which of the following nations?

A) Great Britain
B) Japan
C) France
D) Spain
E) China

Question 33

The National Policy,which was designed to attract migrants,protect nascent industries through tariffs,and build national transportation systems was a policy in

A) the United States.
B) Mexico.
C) Canada.
D) Argentina.
E) Japan.

Question 34

After the U.S.Civil War,the southern states

A) were not readmitted to the union until the demands of World War I made it necessary.
B) were immediately granted equal status with their northern counterparts.
C) were reduced to colonial status.
D) underwent the forced program of Reconstruction.
E) actually led the fight for black rights.

Question 35

In terms of the industrial development of the United States in the late nineteenth century,the most important economic development was the

A) introduction of the steam engine.
B) introduction of the factory system.
C) rise of trade unions.
D) construction of railroad lines that linked all U.S. regions.
E) vast increase in the merchant marine fleet for overseas commerce.

Question 36

Caudillos were

A) democratic reformers who played an important role in the Mexican revolution.
B) powerful Catholic priests who were suspicious of reform.
C) regional military leaders who provided order in Latin America.
D) economic reformers who promoted industrialization in Latin America.
E) leftist guerillas in Mexico.

Question 37

In 1907,the United States government ordered a complete halt to migration from

A) Ireland.
B) Italy.
C) Russia.
D) Japan.
E) India.

Question 38

The Northwest Rebellion was led by

A) Louis Riel.
B) Jefferson Davis.
C) Jourdan Anderson.
D) John Macdonald.
E) Porfirio Díaz.

Question 39

Benito Juárez was

A) the caudillo who restored order in Argentina.
B) the author of the epic poem The Gaucho Martín Fierro.
C) the first Mexican communist leader.
D) a Mexican dictator who promoted industrialization.
E) the leader of La Reforma in Mexico in the 1850s.

Question 40

By the 1840s,westward expansion was well under way in the United States,and many spoke of a "manifest destiny" to occupy all of North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Question 41

Examine the changing role of women in the Americas in the nineteenth century.What advancements were made? How did the status of women vary among Canada,the United States,and Latin America?

Question 42

Discuss the significance of slavery in its relationship to the fragmentation of American unity.Discuss the contradictory nature of slavery in relation to the ideal of America.What would be the status of freed blacks in the years after the conclusion of the Civil War? Was Reconstruction successful in its mission in relation to the blacks?

Question 43

Discuss the reality and significance of the Civil War in U.S.history.What were the factors that led to the outbreak of war? What were the long-term consequences of the conflict? Discuss Lincoln's role.What did emancipation mean to both sides in the war?

Question 44

The Dawes Severalty Act of 1867 shifted land policies of native Americans away from collective tribal reservations and toward individual tracts of land meant to promote the family farm.

Question 45

After the armies of occupation left the south and went back north,freed slaves continued to enjoy the social and political reforms granted during the Reconstruction period.

Question 46

Examine the cultural and ethnic diversity of the United States,Canada,and Latin America.What explains this diversity? What benefits and challenges did it bring?

Question 47

In what ways did the United States,Canada,and Latin America influence each other in the nineteenth century? How did they interact? What were the benefits and problems of this interrelationship?

Question 48

Discuss the role that migration played in the expansion of the United States.Why did migrants come to the United States? What awaited them? What were the benefits and difficulties of migration?

Question 49

Examine the picture of African-Americans voting on page 712.Why was slavery such a troubling issue for the United States? Did freedom bring equality?

Question 50

Examine the picture of Emiliano Zapata on page 704.What role did he play in Mexican history? What role did peasants and social stresses play in Latin American history?

Question 51

British investment capital in the United States proved crucial to the early stages of industrial development.

Question 52

Compare and contrast the political development of the United States,Canada,and Latin America in the nineteenth century.What are the biggest differences in the three areas? How did legacies left over from their colonial past influence the development of these areas?

Question 53

Look maps 30.1 and 30.2 (Westward expansion of the United States during the nineteenth century,and The Dominion of Canada in the nineteenth century).Compare and contrast the expansion of the United States and Canada.What were the important sectional differences? How would it be possible for these huge,complex countries to create a sense of unity? Consider their relationship with each other.

Question 54

Read the excerpt from Jourdan Anderson's letter (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: The Meaning of Freedom for an Ex-Slave).What is the tone of the letter? What are Anderson's reasons for not returning to Tennessee? What are his dreams for the future?

Question 55

Railroads decisively influenced economic development in the United States,providing cheap transportation for agricultural and manufactured goods as well as individual travelers.

Question 56

Examine the political history of Latin America in the nineteenth century.Who were the important leaders and what were their goals? Why would political stability be such a challenge?

Question 57

Examine the economic development of the Americas in the nineteenth century.Were there any similarities in the different approaches? Why did some areas end up wealthier than others? Which of the areas would be in the best shape to compete in the twentieth century?

Question 58

Look at the picture of the Plains Indian camp on page 697.What fate befell the natives of North America in the nineteenth century? Of what significance were the battles of the Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee?

Question 59

The heritage of Spanish and Portuguese colonialism and the legacy of slavery inclined Latin American societies toward the establishment of hierarchical distinctions based on ethnicity and color.

Question 60

Discuss the fate of the indigenous populations of the United States,Canada,and Latin America.How did their fate relate to the sense of mission in each area? Compare it to similar situations in other societies covered so far in the class.

Question 61

What factors led to La Reforma,the reform movement in Mexico? What was the ultimate outcome of this conflict?

Question 62

What kinds of constitutions emerged in the independent republics of Latin America? Which groups held political power?

Question 63

Compare the economic development of Canada with that of Latin America.Neither became an economic powerhouse like the United States.What are the similarities and differences?

Question 64

How did the United States gain control over the territory from the east to the west coast in the nineteenth century?

Question 65

How did the caudillos rise to power in Latin America? Who benefited most from their rule?

Question 66

Summarize the political and cultural conflict between city and pampas in Argentina.

Question 67

Summarize the steps by which Canada became politically united and independent of Britain.How was the government of the Dominion of Canada like and unlike that of the United States?

Question 68

Compare nineteenth-century migration patterns of North America and Latin America.Where did migrants come from in each case? What opportunities did they find in each region?

Question 69

Note the political and economic status of each of the following groups in the United States in the late nineteenth century: native Americans,African-Americans,women,and foreign-born immigrants.

Question 70

What have been the central ethnic conflicts in Canadian history?

Question 71

What factors contributed to the tremendous economic growth of the United States in the late nineteenth century? What were some of the problems generated by that economic growth?