Deck 16: Parenting in Lesbian and Gay Families

Question 1

Like heterosexual couples,lesbian and gay parents reported a __________ in feelings of closeness following the birth of a baby.

Answer 1

decline/decrease

Question 2

In the 2000 Census,only 1 in 10 gay couples was raising a child.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The experience of adopting lesbian couples in the transition period to the birth differs from that of heterosexual parents.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In recent years many lesbian and gay singles and couples have chosen to have children through __________.

Question 5

Many lesbian/gay couples choose open adoption through a private agency so children will know their biological parents,and same-sex couple relationship will be open and they do not have to pretend to be single parents.

Question 6

Both gay/lesbian parents and their children identify __________ as sources of support for the family.

Question 7

Much of the initial research done on lesbian/gay parents and their children was conducted in order to prevent lesbian/gay parents from __________.

Question 8

Many young adults of gay/lesbian families felt that secrecy about their parents' sexual orientation was a realistic necessity,and so they did not feel burdened by keeping secrets.

Question 9

An example of a gay or lesbian parent's indirect way of telling a child about his/her sexual orientation is ___________________.

Question 10

American children of lesbian mothers report the same amount of teasing and rejection as children in The Netherlands where same-sex marriage is legal.

Question 11

Family process variables operate in the same way in lesbian/gay families as in heterosexual families,e.g.,the children of warm parents do well.

Question 12

One early study of gay men who chose to become fathers found they were older men of European American background with good incomes.

Question 13

Even if lesbian women who have been with partners a short term receive less family support for becoming parents,friend support is so strong,that lesbian women do not feel a decline in personal well-being because of lack of family support.

Question 14

Children of lesbian mothers report about the same level of teasing and exclusion as children in The Netherlands where same-sex marriage is legal.

Question 15

Lesbian mothers in the United States report ____________ regarding discrimination and legal difficulties as a parent than lesbian mothers in Canada.

Question 16

Two big worries children reported when they learned og parent's sexual orientation were __________ and _________________.

Question 17

Approximately _____________ percent of lesbian women using alternative insemination choose known donors because they want their children to know their biological parent and have later contact.

Question 18

There is no simple trend in the effects on children of knowing or not knowing the sperm donor's identity.

Question 19

When lesbian mothers looked for men to have a role in their children's lives,they looked for a ____________________.

Question 20

In lesbian couples co-mother is a term that refers to __________.

Question 21

Among the general reasons that gay men gave for seeking parenthood when they did were:

A) partner's mutual desire for children.
B) parental pressure.
C) pressure from couples who also have children.
D) A and C

Question 22

Gay fathers,in comparison to divorced fathers,are more likely to

A) use permissive parenting.
B) use authoritative parenting.
C) use authoritarian parenting.
D) have no consistent set of behaviors.

Question 23

In interviews,children of gay and lesbian parents identify benefits they received including:

A) having a broad definition of family
B) ability to ignore any criticism
C) valuing silence and nondiscloisure
D) A and C

Question 24

When compared with heterosexual couples,lesbian couples who choose to have a baby through ART

A) share child care more equally.
B) report less sharing of household duties.
C) report a high level of relationship satisfaction.
D) A and C

Question 25

Research on gay and lesbian parents reveals that

A) they are as competent as heterosexual parents.
B) their children show no special problems with self-concept.
C) their children function well with peers.
D) all of these

Question 26

Many lesbian mothers awaiting their first child by donor insemination and their partners anticipate a role for men in children's lives and

A)two-thirds had already made definite plans for how to do this.
B)they were looking for a traditional father figure.
C)they were seeking men who would model what it means to be a good man.
D)A and C.

Question 27

When children are born into gay/lesbian families,children become aware of parents' sexual orientation

A) suddenly when someone outside the family makes a comment
B) through classmates at school
C) gradually through many kinds of experiences.
D) when they become sexually active themselves

Question 28

With regard to gender identity of children of gay/lesbian couples

A) there is no evidence of increased gay/lesbian gender identity among children.
B) children are found to have more sex-stereotyped interests.
C) children are found to have less sex-stereotyped interests.
D) A and C

Question 29

In a sample of lesbian couples who were using ART to have a baby,__________ percent of nonbiological parents were having a child primarily to support their partners' wishes.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40

Question 30

When gay/lesbian couples separate,their reasons

A) include desire for freedom.
B) differ from those of heterosexual couples.
C) include different views on parenting.
D) A and C

Question 31

Gay couples parent children

A) sharing responsibilities more equally than heterosexual parents do
B) equally dividing tasks so each parent does each task to be done half of the time
C) dividing the amount of work equally by having partners specialize in tasks depending on interests and work patterns
D) A and C

Question 32

In a sample of ten-year-olds,children of gay/lesbian parents showed varying degrees of openness about parents' sexual orientation with

A) the majority being completely open with friends.
B) the large majority disclosing selectively to certain friends only.
C) about twenty-five percent hiding the information
D) A and C

Question 33

Children with known sperm donors and children with unknown sperm donors

A)were found to show no differences in psychological adjustment in two studies.
B)showed differences only in studies of girls.
C)showed differences in two studies of boys.
D)A and C.

Question 34

Among the strategies children use to convey or not convey information about parents' sexual orientation is

A) immediate disclosure.
B) selective disclosure.
C) informed disclosure.
D) confidential disclosure.

Question 35

In deciding about parenthood,gay and lesbian couples have to consider an aspect of parenthood heterosexual couples do not,namely,

A) whether they will adopt a child.
B) whether they will use ART to have a child.
C) how they will handle the legal aspects to be sure both partners will be considered parents.
D) how they will deal with the economic demands of parenthood.

Question 36

A detailed study of adolescents living in a lesbian couple family found that

A) on all measures of competence, these teens functioned as well as teens from families headed by heterosexual couples
B) gender identity of parents did not predict teens' behavior.
C) quality of parent-teen relationships predicted adolescent competence.
D) all of these.

Question 37

Young adults reported three sources of support in their childhoods

A) their parents, their extended family members, and their friends
B) their parents, their friends, and their teachers.
C) their parents, their teachers, and their extended family members.
D) their parents, their friends, and their activities.

Question 38

In interviews,four hundred gay,lesbian parents identified the following strengths in their children

A) ability to withstand teasing
B) understanding and accepting different points of view
C) determination to accomplish goals
D) A and C

Question 39

As adults,_________ percent of children of gay/lesbian parents were completely open in disclosing information.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 60
D) 75

Question 40

Gay parents often experience a decline in relationship quality after the baby's birth due to all of the following EXCEPT

A) difficulties balancing work and family life.
B) spending all their time together talking about the baby.
C) less couple time together.
D) sleep deprivation

Question 41

Give and illustrate four factors that enable gay/lesbian parents to counteract the stresses of stigmatization and function effectively.

Question 42

Describe four findings regarding the general functioning of the children of gay/lesbian couples,relying on the findings of more than one study.

Question 43

Describe tour ways in which lack of state-sanctioned marriage affects gay/lesbian parents and their children.

Question 44

Describe and illustrate at least three ways in which the transition to parenthood of gay and lesbian parents differs or resembles that of heterosexual parents.

Question 45

Describe four ways in which parenting in lesbian/gay families resembles parenting in families headed by heterosexual couples and two ways in which parenting differs.