Deck 13: Parents by Adoption and Parents by Reproductive Technology

Question 1

Children adopted from South Korea were less likely to have developmental delays because of the quality of early institutional care.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The children of parents who relied on Assisted Reproductive Technology were as _____________________ competent as children of parents who conceived their children without using such assistance.

Answer 2

socially and psychologically

Question 3

The term open adoption refers to an adoption in which _____________ ________________________________.

Answer 3

the biological parent selects the adoptive family and maintains ongoing contact with the child and the adoptive family

Question 4

Parents who are most likely to tell children early about use of donor assistance are those parents who __________.

Question 5

Adoptive teens suffer more difficulties in families in which parents' communication styles are termed __________.

Question 6

Birth mothers who participate in open adoptions have better psychological adjustment than those who do not.

Question 7

Research shows that the longer children in international adoptions have spent in institutional care prior to adoption,the more likely children may have __________________________.

Question 8

When children were seven years old,mothers using egg donor assistance and surrogacy were similar to naturally conceiving mothers in their levels of (name three)__________.

Question 9

In most studies of adoptive children,boys are more interested in searching for birth parents than girls.

Question 10

The Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine does not routinely recommend counseling for donors and receiving parents and recommends it only if there is conflict.

Question 11

Because parents using ART have had difficulties conceiving,they are more anxious as new parents.

Question 12

The general advice is to begin telling children about adoption some time in the __________ years.

Question 13

The recommendations of the Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine regarding telling children about donor assistance _________________________________.

Question 14

The parents of adopted children showing the core deficit-specific syndrome are as sensitive and responsive caregivers as those parents whose children do not have the syndrome.

Question 15

In the toddler and preschool years,adoptive children focus on the happy experiences of adoption.

Question 16

Both Adam Pertman and Debra Spar have expressed concerns about the role of __________ in the process of adoption and ART and the need for ____________________ in the processes.

Question 17

About two-thirds of adopted young adults in one sample were interested in searching for their parents,and were actively involved in doing so.

Question 18

When children learn about donor assistance at a young an age,they become upset because they do not understand it.

Question 19

The role of donor assistance or surrogacy is often explained to young children as that of __________.

Question 20

When parents adopt a child from another country,they follow this country's rules for adoption because this is where the child will live.

Question 21

Parents are more likely to give adoptive children cultural information about their country of origin when

A) parents have many friends of that culture.
B) parents are aware of differential treatment of racial and ethnic groups in this country.
C) children have few friends of t heir own ethnic group.
D) all of these

Question 22

Your friend,who has adopted two children who are now teens,tells you she worries her children will have psychological problems as adults.What do you tell her the research shows?

A) Adopted adults are similar to their friends in life satisfaction, purpose in life, and substance abuse.
B) Adopted adults score very slightly lower (1.5 points) on a measure of self-esteem.
C) More of the adopted adults (30 percent) fall in the range of clinical depression than did non-adopted adults (19 percent), but the great majority fall in the normal range on depression.
D) all of these

Question 23

Young adults who were not interested in searching for their biological parents

A) had negative feelings about both biological and adoptive parents.
B) felt they were similar to adoptive parents psychologically and intellectually.
C) had less contact with adoptive parents.
D) had few friends.

Question 24

Parents who adopt children from other countries or other ethnic groups are advised to

A) help children to adapt to American culture and leave their culture of origin behind.
B) form a new family ethnic identity that includes the child's ethnic heritage.
C) let children find ways to explore their ethnic identity on their own.
D) A and C

Question 25

When the functioning of seven-year-old children whose parents use donor assistance or surrogacy,is compared with children whose parents conceive naturally,there are

A) differences only in children's relationships with peers.
B) no differences in children's level of self-esteem.
C) no differences in the functioning of the two groups.
D) only a few differences in children's self-confidence.

Question 26

According to those who counsel adopted children,a major set of feelings adopted children must resolve are feelings of loss of

A) their biological family.
B) their medical history.
C) their ethnic background.
D) all of these

Question 27

Research following children adopted from abroad has identified a core deprivation-specific syndrome that include increased difficulties in all of the following EXCEPT

A) social understanding of others.
B) strong desires for closeness to others.
C) heightened focus of attention.
D) inappropriate social responses.

Question 28

In adoptive families without birth children,a brief intervention to increase adoptive parents' sensitivity and responsiveness resulted in

A) no changes in parents' behavior.
B) increases in parents' secure attachments with babies.
C) changes in parents' behavior but no changes in secure attachments.
D) decreases in parents' sensitivity.

Question 29

When their children were seven-years-old,mothers using surrogacy and donor eggs and disclosing the use of ART to children,were _________ when compared to naturally conceiving mothers.

A)as warm and sensitive.
B)similar in caregiving and interactions with children.
C)marginally lower in mutual reciprocity with children.
D)A and C.

Question 30

Among the many reasons given for not telling children about the use of donor assistance:

A) fear child will be angry at parents.
B) fear use of ART will stigmatize child.
C) fear that donor parent will become involved with family.
D) all of these.

Question 31

Adoptive parents' behavior has similar relationships to adopted children's behavior as are found in found in biologically related families in all of the following examples EXCEPT

A) mothers' sensitive responses and babies' secure attachments.
B) quality of babies' attachments' predicting social and cognitive competence.
C) mothers' depressive symptoms predicting toddlers' aggressive behaviors.
D) all of the above

Question 32

Cultural socialization of adoptive children was related to __________ levels of children's aggressive behavior and preparation for bias was related to ___________ levels of children's aggressive behaviors.

A) lower; lower
B) higher; higher
C) lower; higher
D) higher; lower

Question 33

A recent study following adopted children from adolescence to young adulthood found that contact with biological parents may be helpful because process of searching for parent helps teens and young adults

A) talk more about the process and meaning of adoption to them and they form a more integrated sense of identity.
B) realize they are important to many people in their lives, and their self-esteem increases.
C) understand the importance and influence of both biological and environmental factors in their development.
D) all of these.

Question 34

The effects of adopted children's early institutionalization depends on all of the following EXCEPT

A) quality of early care-giving.
B) length of the time in the institution.
C) nutritional level in institution.
D) location of institution.

Question 35

Adults previously excluded from adoption-older,single,gay/lesbian,poorer,disabled-have been approved as adoptive parents and found to

A) experience less satisfaction as parents than anticipated.
B) have greater difficulties than those adopted by young couples.
C) have good placement outcomes.
D) A and C

Question 36

A friend who is adopting a child tells you she is worried she will not be as warm or attached to her child as a mother who carried a child for nine months and gave birth naturally.Based on research,what do you tell her?

A) Research shows that adoptive parents have been through so much stress to become parents that they are afraid to become attached to their children.
B) Adoptive parents are as warm and attached to their child as parents who naturally conceive and carry a child.
C) Adoptive mothers cannot become as attached because they did not have the experience of carrying the child and giving birth.
D) A and C

Question 37

Among the main reasons parents give for telling children about the use of ART:

A)desire for open relationship with child.
B)child wants to know.
C)child has a right to know his/her history.
D)A and C

Question 38

Even when adoptive parents are warm and sensitive,adopted teens in one study,in comparison to nonadopted teens,were observed to be

A)less warm in interactions with parents.
B)less attached to parents.
C)more engaged in conflict.
D)A and C.

Question 39

Observing communication patterns in adoptive and biologically- related two-parent families,yielded four communication patterns with similar proportions of adoptive and nonadoptive families in each,but difficulties in communication

A) were more significantly related to teens' problems in biologically related families.
B) had few associations with problems in either group.
C) were more predictive of teens' problems in adoptive families.
D) were ignored by parents.

Question 40

Studies comparing adopted children with children who were reared by parents who had considered giving them up for adoption found that

A) there were no differences between the two groups.
B) children living with their biological parents functioned better.
C) adopted children functioned better.
D) were inconclusive.

Question 41

Describe two characteristics of parents who emphasized cultural socialization for their children adopted from other ethnic groups,and four things mothers did to provide cultural socialization for children.

Question 42

Briefly describe four patterns of communication found in adoptive and nonadoptive families with adolescent children and the effects of these patterns on adopted teens' and nonadopted teens' behaviors.

Question 43

Give three ways in which young adults who search for biological parents are similar to those who do not search and three ways in which they differ.

Question 44

Describe three reasons parents give for telling children about ART and three reasons parents give for not telling children about the use of ART.

Question 45

Describe the ways parenting of ART parents resembles or differs from parenting of naturally conceiving parents at two different age periods.