Deck 1: Parenting Is a Process

Question 1

Except in the case of adoption,the biological father is the legal father.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Society and the law view children as dependent and subject to parents' rules,and the law imposes penalties on children when _____________________________.

Answer 2

children do not obey parents' reasonable rules

Question 3

__________ factors are those factors that are associated with positive outcomes for children.

Answer 3

Protective

Question 4

Although a statistically rare event,the majority of parents worry very much that ____________________________________________.

Question 5

It is the __________ of risk factors,rather than any particular one,that leads to poor outcomes for children.

Question 6

The American public is in general agreement that the family change that provides most difficulty for parents,children and society is ________________________.

Question 7

Adults appear biologically preprogrammed to respond positively to babies.

Question 8

More than work or marriage,society describes __________ as a sign of maturity and adulthood.

Question 9

The most positive views of parents' effectiveness are held by __________.

Question 10

Parents who were abused as children are likely to abuse their own children.

Question 11

The public blames parents more than schools or teachers for children's learning problems.

Question 12

In addition to providing food,shelter,and access to schooling,parents have additional responsibilities in providing for children such as (name two)___________________________.

Question 13

Besides tax credits to parents for children and free public education from ages five to eighteen,society provides children with __________________.

Question 14

Parents from all ethnic groups describe __________ as the main reason for having children.

Question 15

The rate of infant mortality in the United States is _______ and twice as high as that of _________.

Question 16

Judith Rich Harris believes that __________ and peer group socialization determine adult personalities,not parents' behavior.

Question 17

According to Dr.David Lykken,a parenting license would require parents to be over eighteen,married,employed,and __________.

Question 18

Currently,one in every __________ children in the U.S.lives in poverty.

Question 19

Income inequality in a country affects the life span of all people in the country,even those with the most resources and the best health care.

Question 20

Two countries on the world with very unequal distributions of family income are __________.

Question 21

A survey of parents' joys and problems reveals that parents experience all the responsibilities from the beginning,but the joys come later when children are teens and interact more equally with parents.

Question 22

Survey data reveals that with multitasking children between the ages of eight and eighteen have total recreational media exposure of about ten hours and forty-five minutes per day,not including the time spent with cell phones and texting.

Question 23

The Rochester Longitudinal Study found no one single social change that could be made to eliminate environmental risks for children.

Question 24

British epidemiologists believe that countries with great income inequality create stress for their residents in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A) residents are social and sensitive to status hierarchy.
B) there is so much competition for resources.
C) residents feel inferior to those with high status.
D) residents feel they can not trust others in the hierarchy to help them.

Question 25

Of the thirty-eight million immigrants in this country,about ____ percent are authorized to be here.

A) 40
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70

Question 26

Children and teens say that parents

A) love and care for them.
B) find it hard to balance work and family well.
C) have enough energy to do things with them when they are home.
D) A and C

Question 27

Those children living with neither biological parent are most often living with

A) foster parents.
B) grandparents.
C) other family relatives.
D) in institutions like group homes.

Question 28

Parents say government can do more to help parents by doing all of the following EXCEPT

A) removing sales tax from items necessary for children like formula or diapers.
B) requiring employers to give paid maternal and paternal leave.
C) increasing tax rate on employers to provide benefits for parents.
D) giving tax credits to businesses that allow flex time for employees.

Question 29

A child with many skills is able to withstand the risks of growing up in a disadvantaged living situation and function well in spite of them.

Question 30

Urie Bronfenbrenner and Pamela Morris believe a child need not be biologically related to parents or live in a two-parent family,but requires a caregiver who

A) is healthy and employed.
B) has a long-term love for and commitment to the child.
C) receives emotional support from another adult.
D) B and C

Question 31

Even those Americans who disapprove of the changes in family structures are optimistic about the future of marriage and the family.

Question 32

A councilwoman in Rochester seeks your advice because she has money to fund one social program to reduce environmental risks for children.She wants to know the one program that research suggests will reduce environmental risks for children.You tell her

A) no one particular social change can reduce risks for children.
B) cash payments to families will eliminate environmental risks for children.
C) change must reduce the number of risks for children.
D) A and C

Question 33

Compared to children who do not have this gene,children who have the DRD4-7 repeat allele gene

A) are more reactive to parents' insensitive parenting.
B) are less likely to respond to changes in parents' sensitive parenting.
C) show more compliant behavior when parents become more sensitive parents.
D) A and C

Question 34

Young men and women of outstanding achievement are identified as having special abilities early in life and get outstanding teaching so parents have a minimal role in children's achievements.

Question 35

About _____ percent of children live with two biological or adoptive,married parents.

A) 40
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70

Question 36

Only thirty percent of parents believe government and employers are doing enough to help parents.

Question 37

Unwed biological fathers who do not live with mothers have no legal rights in regard to their newborns unless biological mothers agree.

Question 38

Because it is hard for children when they have poor health,parents take special pleasure in children's being healthy.

Question 39

When parents are asked why they do not want children,they usually say it is because they have other interests they want to pursue not because they find children or parenting difficult.

Question 40

Put these four forms of family life in chronological order starting with the oldest: (A)multigenerational families,(B)nuclear families,(C)extended farm families,and (D)diverse families

A) C, B, D, A
B) C, B, A, D
C) A, C, B, D
D) A, C, D, B

Question 41

Judith Warner describes all of the following as examples of society's unrealistic expectations of parents EXCEPT

A) being physically available to children at all times.
B) being wholly responsible for children's feelings of well being.
C) loving children.
D) ensuring children's success in life.

Question 42

When mothers going through divorce become more accepting with children

A) children feel less anxious and less worried in middle school.
B) children's behavior changes quickly in response to mothers' changes.
C) children's behavior changes did not persist into adolescence.
D) A and C

Question 43

Longitudinal studies tracking parenting practices and children's behaviors in three generations found

A) each generation learned positive behaviors from the generation that preceded it so there was improvement in parenting over generations.
B) negative parenting behaviors were transmitted from one generation to another, but positive behaviors were not.
C) positive parenting behaviors were transmitted from one generation to another, but negative behaviors were not transmitted.
D) both positive and negative parenting behaviors were transmitted from one generation to another.

Question 44

In surveys,mothers and fathers report their children have changed them as individuals by making them aware of all of the following EXCEPT

A) importance of protecting the environment.
B) the wonder of creation and natural beauty.
C) the responsibilities of being a parent.
D) their own personality characteristics.

Question 45

School furniture specially designed to permit students more physical activity in class

A) increases children's focus and attention.
B) distracts students from doing their work.
C) increases motor coordination and improvement in sports.
D) A and C

Question 46

Briefly describe three stresses Joe Ehrmann believes society places on men in contemporary society.

Question 47

Briefly describe four protective factors that led to positive outcomes in the Rochester Longitudinal Study.

Question 48

Joe Ehrmann believes misguided societal expectations for men include all the following EXCEPT

A) viewing competition and winning as primary goals in life.
B) expressing genuine feelings in relationships with others.
C) financial success is main measure of success as a person.
D) power and dominance are main aims of relationships.

Question 49

Katherine Ellison believes motherhood improves all of the following abilities EXCEPT

A) social skills.
B) resiliency.
C) memory.
D) efficiency.

Question 50

A Congressman is considering voting for a paid Family Medical Leave Act.A constituent writes that he must vote "Yes" for such a bill because (select the most accurate reason)

A) The U.S. must maintain its leadership role among industrialized nations in providing benefits to families.
B) The U.S. provides a rich array of services for children and families and requires this bill to have complete services for families.
C) The U.S. is one of five or six countries in the industrialized world needing such a bill.
D) U.S. parents are unaware of the importance of such leave.

Question 51

Briefly describe what social scientists mean by the term "two-track childhood" and give two reasons why social scientists are concerned.

Question 52

Parents who grew up with an alcoholic parent do not transmit alcoholic behavior to their children when they

A) form common parenting goals with their spouse.
B) engage in controlled drinking themselves.
C) plan satisfying family activities and holiday rituals.
D) A and C

Question 53

Researchers found that nine years after mothers attended a fourteen-week parenting program and learned to set fair and firm limits with boys,mothers

A) had drifted back and become less consistent.
B) had higher incomes, educational levels and occupational levels.
C) were dealing with aggressive teens.
D) A and C

Question 54

Briefly describe three ways that parenthood has positively changed Katherine Ellison.

Question 55

Based on the results of The Rochester Longitudinal Study,a counselor wants to develop protective behaviors that lead to positive child outcomes.She encourages mothers to do all of the following EXCEPT

A) voice fewer dissatisfactions to the child.
B) give the child a critical analysis of their behavior.
C) get positive support from friends.
D) encourage children to think independently.

Question 56

Briefly describe three stresses Judith Warner experienced as a mother in contemporary society.

Question 57

Parents launch children on a positive trajectory of development when they

A) are protective and vigilant concerning the child's progress.
B) establish a secure attachment to their infant.
C) let toddlers have complete freedom to explore.
D) B and C

Question 58

Census data and survey data suggest that adults have about ____ hours per day of media exposure.

A) 4 to 5
B) 6 to 7
C) 8 to 9
D) 10 to 11

Question 59

David Lykken proposed instituting a parenting license because

A) parents' impulsive behaviors threaten their children's long-term future.
B) parents refuse to take parenting instructions, unless it is required.
C) parents are demanding training and licensure.
D) children are so changeable, parents must be carefully coached.

Question 60

Jay Belsky believes that a major source of family stress is that society does not

A) honor the goodness of children.
B) honor the heroism of everyday parenting.
C) honor the resources needed for parents.
D) demand enough of parents.