Deck 9: Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality

Question 1

Freud published his first book, "The Interpretation of Dreams," in

A)1900.
B)1885.
C)1910.
D)1925.

Answer 1

1900.

Question 2

The death instinct is also called

A)Eros.
B)thanatos.
C)wham.
D)Zeus.

Answer 2

thanatos.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT part of Freud's model of the mind?

A)Conscious mind
B)Preconscious mind
C)Unconscious mind
D)Metacognitive mind

Answer 3

Metacognitive mind

Question 4

Freud's idea of instincts was probably most influenced by

A)Darwin.
B)Galileo.
C)Jung.
D)Helmholtz.

Question 5

According to Freud, the _____ mind is the part of the mind that contains all the information that you are not currently thinking about, but could easily bring to mind.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive

Question 6

According to Freud, the amount of psychic energy in a person

A)changes when personality changes.
B)increases with age.
C)decreases with age.
D)always remains constant.

Question 7

The _____ is the part of the mind about which the conscious mind has no awareness.

A)ego
B)superego
C)conscious
D)unconscious

Question 8

The Freudian idea of _____ is basic to most psychotherapies.

A)dream analysis
B)the talking cure
C)free association
D)case studies

Question 9

José spends most of his time thinking about Sheila, the love of his life.This had led to José neglecting his course work.From a Freudian perspective José's neglect of his school work most likely is due to

A)his very strong libido.
B)sublimation of his aggressive thoughts.
C)his lack of interest in the courses.
D)his fixed amount of psychic energy.

Question 10

Freud's two basic instincts are _____ and _____.

A)yin; yang
B)ego; id
C)sex; aggression
D)love; sex

Question 11

The life instincts are typically called

A)libido.
B)Eros.
C)lustatos.
D)catharsis.

Question 12

Freud lived most of his life in

A)London.
B)Munich.
C)Vienna.
D)New York.

Question 13

According to Freud, the _____ mind is the part of the mind that contains thoughts and feelings of which you are currently aware.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive

Question 14

The case of Ross Cheit (who had forgotten, and later remembered, being abused at a camp) is an example of

A)denial.
B)repression.
C)sublimation.
D)reaction formation.

Question 15

Before psychoanalysis, Freud did research in the field of

A)neurology.
B)spiritualism.
C)geology.
D)philosophy

Question 16

I ask you to recall your mother's maiden name.This information resides in the _____ mind, according to Freud.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive

Question 17

You are answering this question.Therefore, Freud would say the information is in the _____ (mind.)

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive

Question 18

If a man invests most of his death instinct in a socially acceptable behavior (like football), Freud would expect that person to be

A)less aggressive in other ways.
B)more aggressive in other ways.
C)fixated in the oral stage.
D)fixated in the anal stage.

Question 19

_____ refers to the instinct for aggression and destruction.

A)The unconscious
B)Libido
C)Thanatos
D)The superego

Question 20

Freud used the metaphor of a(n) _____ to describe the three parts of the mind.

A)glacier
B)iceberg
C)forest
D)mountain

Question 21

According to Freud, _____ is unpleasant and indicates that the control of the ego is threatened.

A)projection
B)anxiety
C)reality
D)sublimation

Question 22

The most primitive part of the mind is the

A)ego.
B)preconscious mind.
C)id.
D)superego.

Question 23

Thinking without the logical rules of conscious thought is known as

A)primary process thinking.
B)secondary process thinking.
C)moral reasoning.
D)defense mechanisms.

Question 24

According to Freud, the _____ mind is the part of the mind that contains unacceptable information that can only be brought into awareness with great effort.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive

Question 25

The _____ is concerned with making a person do what is morally right.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 26

Freud believed that when his female patients reported being sexually seduced as children, the patients were probably

A)telling the truth.
B)repressing the truth.
C)fulfilling unconscious wishes with fantasies.
D)engaged in sublimation.

Question 27

As unconscious thoughts, feelings, and urges can take on a life of their own, Freud called this part of the mind the _____ unconscious.

A)collective
B)motivated
C)universal
D)emotional

Question 28

The ego operates

A)on the pleasure principle.
B)on the reality principle.
C)on the anxiety principle.
D)with primary process thinking.

Question 29

Which part of the mind engages in secondary process thinking?

A)Id
B)Ego
C)Superego
D)Conscious

Question 30

Freud believed that _____ occurred by accident.

A)nothing
B)everything
C)superego development
D)embarrassing things usually

Question 31

Freudian slips are

A)a motivated loss of coordination.
B)a result of the motivated unconscious.
C)true accidents that are usually socially unacceptable.
D)only observed in heterosexual men.

Question 32

A person who has a well-balanced mind, one that is free from anxiety, will typically have a

A)strong superego.
B)weak collective unconscious.
C)strong ego.
D)very weak id.

Question 33

The process whereby an image of something unavailable is used to satisfy an urge is known as

A)the id.
B)secondary process thinking.
C)wish fulfillment.
D)projection.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about the id, ego, and superego is true?

A)The id, ego, and superego are always interacting.
B)The id, ego, and superego operate completely independently.
C)The superego must manage the demands of both the ego and the id.
D)The ego is always subservient to both the id and superego.

Question 35

Which of the following would most likely be an indicator of the id operating on an individual's behavior?

A)David has to have it, and have it right now.
B)Andrew knows he has to wait for his turn.
C)Mike will wait to have twice as much later.
D)James will wait to find out what his parents think.

Question 36

If the id cannot find the external object to satisfy its desires, it will

A)search until finds the appropriate object.
B)create a fantasy object to replace the object.
C)use reason and logic to substitute an alternate object.
D)delegate finding the appropriate object to the superego.

Question 37

Which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?

A)Ego
B)Preconscious
C)Id
D)Superego

Question 38

Which part of personality redirects energy from potentially problematic and unacceptable outlets into more appropriate outlets?

A)Id
B)Ego
C)Superego
D)Sublimator

Question 39

Which of the following parts of the mind is bound by reality?

A)Id
B)Ego
C)Superego
D)Conscious

Question 40

_____ involves developing strategies for problem solving and satisfying urges.

A)Secondary process thinking
B)Primary process thinking
C)The phallic stage
D)The superego

Question 41

_____ describes channeling an unacceptable impulse to a more acceptable target.

A)repression
B)denial
C)projection
D)displacement

Question 42

A person who ignores some unpleasant part of his or her environment is exhibiting

A)repression.
B)denial.
C)projection.
D)reaction formation.

Question 43

According to Freud, anxiety is typically the result of the control of the _____ being threatened.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)archetype

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a type of anxiety described by Freud?

A)Objective
B)Moral
C)Neurotic
D)Inferiority

Question 45

A person has no memory of a horrible accident.What defense mechanism may be at work?

A)repression
B)reaction formation
C)regression
D)projection

Question 46

_____ is the defense mechanism that prevents unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and urges from reaching consciousness.

A)Repression
B)Projection
C)Denial
D)Sublimation

Question 47

Defense mechanisms have all of these properties EXCEPT they

A)operate unconsciously.
B)require psychic energy.
C)are the result of ego functioning.
D)are secondary processes.

Question 48

You are walking down the street and encounter a large, angry dog that growls and bares its teeth at you.You are experiencing _____ anxiety.

A)objective
B)canine
C)traumatic
D)neurotic

Question 49

Jessica tries to be the perfect business woman.She works extraordinarily long hours, is extremely conscientious, and tries to be a good role model to her employees.However, no matter how many kudos she earns, raises she receives, and professional awards she earns Jessica feels _____ anxiety about her performance and is constantly worried about getting fired.

A)objective
B)moral
C)social
D)neurotic

Question 50

Mark is a deacon at his church, but feels guilty that he is setting a bad example for the congregation by enjoying an occasional beer.He is suffering from _____ anxiety.

A)objective
B)neurotic
C)moral
D)histrionic

Question 51

Diana refuses to believe that her boyfriend broke up with her.From a Freudian perspective what defense mechanism may be operating?

A)Repression
B)Denial
C)Projection
D)Reaction formation

Question 52

The _____ is responsible for balancing the demands of reality and the other parts of the mind.

A)superego
B)ego
C)id
D)Oedipal conflict

Question 53

Daydreaming can be an expression of

A)repression.
B)denial.
C)sublimation.
D)projection

Question 54

Yang is lost in a major city and will likely be late for an important job interview.He is most likely experiencing _____ anxiety.

A)geographic
B)objective
C)neurotic
D)moral

Question 55

An 8-year-old girl's hatred of a mean teacher would most likely be _____ to a toy.

A)projected
B)rationalized
C)displaced
D)regressed

Question 56

A conflict between the id and the ego results in _____ anxiety.

A)objective
B)neurotic
C)moral
D)social

Question 57

Anxiety that is experienced in response to an external threat was called _____ anxiety by Freud.

A)objective
B)neurotic
C)moral
D)histrionic

Question 58

The ego uses _____ to deal with anxiety.

A)fantasy
B)reality
C)defense mechanisms
D)wish fulfillment

Question 59

If a woman consciously redirected anger she felt toward her boss to the family dog, it would be an example of

A)projection.
B)displacement.
C)reaction formation.
D)sublimation.

Question 60

A conflict between the superego and the ego is experienced as _____ anxiety.

A)objective
B)neurotic
C)moral
D)social

Question 61

Curtis is romantically infatuated with his favorite pop singer.He has all of her recordings, has made his apartment into a shine for her, and reads everything he can about her.One day he happens to see her on the street and he tries to talk to her, only to be coldly rebuffed by her.Curtis goes home and throws out everything having to do with her.The defense mechanism Curtis is experiencing is

A)displacement.
B)projection.
C)reaction formation.
D)denial.

Question 62

Making excuses or acceptable explanations for unacceptable behavior is an example of

A)reaction formation.
B)displacement.
C)rationalization.
D)projection.

Question 63

Recent empirical studies of repression have defined repressors as _____ in anxiety and _____ in defensiveness.

A)low; low
B)high; high
C)high; low
D)low; high

Question 64

Jerry loves to party and thinks everyone else enjoys partying as much as he does.He is demonstrating the _____ effect.

A)Zeigarnik
B)false consensus
C)social facilitation
D)object relations

Question 65

Recent studies of repression have shown that repressors report _____ levels of subjective anxiety and _____ levels of physiological arousal when exposed to sexual or aggressive phrases.

A)low; low
B)high; high
C)high; low
D)low; high

Question 66

According to Freud, which stage focuses on the sexual gratification on the mouth, lips, and tongue?

A)Oral
B)Anal
C)Phallic
D)Latency

Question 67

According to Freud, if a child does not fully resolve a conflict in the oral stage, that child will become

A)repressed.
B)fixated at the oral stage.
C)especially messy in adulthood.
D)excessively cleanly

Question 68

The term _____ refers to getting stuck in a given stage of development.

A)"identification"
B)"symbolism"
C)"fixation"
D)"displacement"

Question 69

Recent studies of repression have been _____ Freud's ideas.

A)unrelated to
B)generally inconsistent with
C)generally consistent with
D)in complete agreement

Question 70

When we see negative qualities that we possess in others, it could be the result of

A)displacement.
B)projection.
C)reaction formation.
D)denial.

Question 71

A person sitting next to you in class gets a low grade on this exam.When you discuss the exam results, the person blames their performance on the difficulty of the material, their lack of belief in psychoanalytic theory, lack of the necessity to have this knowledge in the future, belief that the material is irrelevant, etc.This student may be using the Freudian defense mechanism of _____ to explain his or her poor behavior.

A)repression
B)reaction formation
C)regression
D)rationalization

Question 72

A defense mechanism is probably a problem if it

A)exists at all.
B)interferes with one's relationships or ability to be productive.
C)uses psychic energy.
D)is in the conscious mind.

Question 73

A man who crusades against pornography even though his id loves pornography demonstrates

A)sublimation.
B)reaction formation.
C)projection.
D)repression.

Question 74

Repressors tend to have _____ memories of emotional events compared to nonrepressors.

A)better
B)worse
C)similar
D)more detailed

Question 75

Someone replaces one impulse with its opposite (e.g., love for hate).What defense mechanism may be at work?

A)Repression
B)Reaction formation
C)Projection
D)Sublimation

Question 76

According to Freud, the most adaptive defense mechanism is

A)sublimation.
B)reaction formation.
C)projection.
D)repression.

Question 77

Freud thought that the skyscrapers of New York City might be the result of

A)sublimation.
B)reaction formation.
C)projection.
D)repression.

Question 78

Miasha looks around her apartment and sees her clothes scattered about, her lunch dishes sitting in the sink, and her bed unmade.When her roommates complain about her lack of cleanliness, she calls them all slobs and leaves quite angry.Miasha is using the defense mechanism of

A)sublimation.
B)reaction formation.
C)projection.
D)repression.

Question 79

_____ refers to the channeling of unacceptable urges into socially desirable activities.

A)subcortical
B)subjugation
C)sublimation
D)substitution

Question 80

Freud might explain people engaging in anti-homosexual campaigns as an example of

A)moral anxiety.
B)projection.
C)sublimation.
D)denial.