Deck 26: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Question 1

The endoskeleton functions in

A)production of blood cells.
B)supporting the body.
C)protecting the body.
D)movement.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 1

E
Explanation: The support provided by the skeleton allows for movement when the muscular system acts,and the blood comes from the marrow in long bones.Finally,bone protects,as when the bones of the skull protect the delicate brain inside.Please see section 26.3 for more information.

Question 2

Which is not a part of the appendicular skeleton?

A)pelvic girdle
B)sternum
C)pectoral girdle
D)femur
E)humerus

Answer 2

B
Explanation: The appendicular skeleon is the parts which project laterally from the axial skeleton.Please see section 26.2 for more information.

Question 3

An area where two bones meet is called a

A)synapse.
B)joint.
C)synaptic cleft.
D)vascular cavity.
E)olfactory bulb.

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Joints are usually lubricated and cushioned by cartilage and a sac of fluid.Please see section 26.3 for more information.

Question 4

Which is not a part of the axial skeleton?

A)pelvic girdle
B)ribs
C)skull
D)sternum
E)vertebral column

Question 5

The type of skeleton that is an internal support structure is a(n)

A)endoskeleton.
B)hydrostatic skeleton.
C)gastrovascular cavity.
D)exoskeleton.
E)vascular canal.

Question 6

The type of skeleton composed of calcium rich-spines,cartilage or bone is a(n)

A)exoskeleton.
B)hydrostatic skeleton.
C)gastrovascular cavity.
D)endoskeleton.
E)vascular canal.

Question 7

Ligaments are connective tissues that connect _______________ to _________________.

A)muscle;muscle
B)muscle;bone
C)tendons;bone
D)bone;bone
E)cartilage;bone

Question 8

Which is not a bone of the lower limbs?

A)patella
B)femur
C)tibia
D)fibula
E)ulna

Question 9

A disorder of the axial skeleton in which the vertebral column curves to the side is known as

A)scoliosis.
B)a ruptured cartilage.
C)All answers are correct.
D)scleroderma.
E)Graves' diseasE.

Question 10

If you were told while in medical school working on a cadaver to find a damaged tendon,you might first look for what two things joined together?

A)muscle;bone
B)ligaments;bone
C)muscle;muscle
D)bone;bone
E)cartilage;bone

Question 11

A condition in which bones become less dense is

A)gigantism.
B)acromegaly.
C)osteoarthritis.
D)rheumatism.
E)osteoporosis.

Question 12

The vertebrae in descending order from the skull are

A)cervical,thoracic,lumbar.
B)lumbar,thoracic,cervical.
C)cervical,lumbar,thoraciC.
D)thoracic,lumbar,cervical.
E)lumbar,cervical,thoracic.

Question 13

Functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton include

A)production of blood cells only.
B)both production of nerve cells and storage of calcium.
C)storage of calcium only.
D)both production of blood cells and storage of calcium.
E)production of nerve cells only.

Question 14

The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a(n)

A)vascular canal.
B)endoskeleton.
C)gastrovascular cavity.
D)exoskeleton.
E)hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 15

The two closely allied organ systems that allow for running,swimming,and flying under the direction of the nervous system are the

A)skeletal and endocrine systems.
B)muscular and endocrine systems.
C)muscular and skeletal systems.
D)circulatory and muscular systems.
E)circulatory and skeletal systems.

Question 16

Connective tissue of the musculoskeletal system includes

A)ligaments.
B)bone.
C)cartilage.
D)tendons.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 17

Which is not an important function of calcium in vertebrates?

A)blood clotting
B)muscle contraction
C)transport of oxygen to the body's cells
D)cell membrane permeability
E)strengthening of bone

Question 18

The type of skeleton that is usually composed of either a calcium-containing shell or chitin is a(n)

A)endoskeleton.
B)exoskeleton.
C)hydrostatic skeleton.
D)gastrovascular cavity.
E)vascular canal.

Question 19

Which bone,if examined,would show that you were working with something other than an upper limb?

A)radius
B)ulna
C)patella
D)humerus
E)clavicle

Question 20

Where are blood cells produced?

A)in red marrow inside of bones
B)in yellow marrow inside of bones
C)in joints by creatine phosphate
D)in the liver
E)in the spleen

Question 21

After a muscle cell contracts,what must occur for the muscle to stop contracting?

A)Calcium ions must be pumped back into the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)Calcium ions must be pumped out of the muscle cell.
C)Calcium ions must flow out of the endoplasmic reticulum.
D)Calcium ions must flow into the muscle cell.
E)Calcium ions must flow out of the muscle cell.

Question 22

Which will be true of the muscles of a bedridden person?

A)Only calcium levels will be lower than normal.
B)Mitochondrial enzyme activity will be lower than normal.
C)Only ATP production will be lower than normal.
D)Calcium levels and ATP production will be lower than normal.
E)ATP production and mitochondrial enzyme activity will be lower than normal.

Question 23

A thin filament in a muscle cell is composed primarily of the protein

A)hemoglobin.
B)myosin.
C)myoglobin.
D)actin.
E)pectin.

Question 24

The high water content of cartilage allows it to cushion blows.

Question 25

A neuromuscular junction is a __________ between a ______________ and a _______________.

A)membrane;muscle;neuron
B)synovial joint;muscle;neuron
C)synapse;muscle;neuron
D)synovial joint;bone;muscle
E)synapse;bone;muscle

Question 26

When blood calcium is high what would be stimulated by the thyroid?

A)uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and secretion into the urine by the kidney
B)uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and absorption from the urine by the kidney
C)decreased uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and secretion into the urine by the kidney
D)decreased uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and absorption from the urine by the kidney
E)No answer is correct.

Question 27

A sprain is a stretched or torn

A)ligament.
B)tendon.
C)muscle.
D)neuron.
E)vein.

Question 28

If an older patient came in complaining of joint pain,and a scan showed the bones in the patient's hands rubbing one another,you would diagnose

A)acromegaly.
B)rheumatoid arthritis.
C)scoliosis.
D)osteoporosis.
E)osteoarthritis.

Question 29

In muscle tissue,if there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration to occur,

A)the muscle cell can produce ATP by fermentation.
B)the muscle cell cannot make ATP.
C)the muscle cell uses creatine phosphate instead of ATP for energy.
D)the muscle cell can produce ATP from fats.
E)the muscle cell depletes its reserves of lactic acid.

Question 30

An autoimmune disorder in which there is chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint is

A)osteoarthritis.
B)scoliosis.
C)rheumatoid arthritis.
D)osteoporosis.
E)acromegaly.

Question 31

The precursor of bone is cartilage.

Question 32

After death,muscles remain in a stiff position for several hours.This stiff position is called

A)osteoarthritis.
B)rheumatoid arthritis.
C)rigor mortis.
D)osteoporosis.
E)flaccid paralysis.

Question 33

What causes a muscle cell to contract?

A)Actin and myosin break down.
B)Actin heads attached to myosin bend.
C)Calcium ions form a bridge binding actin to myosin.
D)ATP forms a bridge binding actin to myosin.
E)Myosin heads attached to actin bend.

Question 34

A bedridden person is at risk of what problem?

A)rheumatoid arthritis
B)osteoarthritis
C)osteoporosis
D)a sprain
E)anemia

Question 35

Blood calcium levels are regulated by hormones secreted from the parathyroid and thyroid.When blood calcium is low which would be stimulated by the parathyroid?

A)uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and absorption from the urine by the kidney
B)uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and secretion into the urine by the kidney
C)decreased uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and absorption from the urine by the kidney
D)decreased uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and secretion into the urine by the kidney

Question 36

The molecule that rapidly replenishes ATP at the beginning of muscle activity is

A)actin.
B)creatine phosphate.
C)myoglobin.
D)oxygen debt.
E)myosin.

Question 37

Osteoarthritis is caused when bones in a joint rub against each other directly.What happens in osteoarthritis?

A)New bone is made in the joint.
B)Cartilage is destroyed.
C)Ligaments are torn.
D)The synovial membrane is destroyeD.
E)Tendons are torn.

Question 38

A thick filament in a muscle cell is composed primarily of the protein

A)pectin.
B)myoglobin.
C)hemoglobin.
D)actin.
E)myosin.

Question 39

If you were examing a biopsy sample of a leg bone,and the structure of the bone was spongy,you would be know that the bone came from the end of the bone.

Question 40

If you see a limb move,first in one direction,then in the opposite,you can be sure that there are two opposing muscles responsible.

Question 41

The process by which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton in order to grow is called molting.

Question 42

Skeletal muscle contraction is important in maintaining body temperature homeostasis.

Question 43

Why is myosin important for contraction?

A)ATP forms a bridge binding actin to myosin.
B)Actin heads bend when attached to myosin.
C)Calcium ions form a bridge moving actin along myosin.
D)Myosin heads bend when attached to actin.
E)Myosin synthesizes new strands of actin,lengthening the musclE.

Question 44

The temporalis and masseter muscles close the jaw while the platysma opens the jaw.To clench your teeth,which of the following must occur?

A)Contract the temporalis and masseter and relax the platysmA.
B)Relax the temporalis and masseter and contract the platysma.
C)Contract the temporalis,masseter,and platysma.
D)Relax the temporalis,masseter,and platysma.
E)Contract the temporalis and relax the platysma and masseter.

Question 45

The breast muscle of a wild duck is dark,while that of a domesticated chicken is white.What would be true of breast muscle in a domesticated chicken?

A)They are fast-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondriA.
B)They are slow-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.
C)They are slow-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.
D)They are fast-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.
E)They are a mix of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles.

Question 46

Bones regulate calcium homeostasis.

Question 47

The interaction of both the muscular system and the skeletal system is necessary for animals to run,fly,and swim.

Question 48

Each myofibril consists of two types of filaments,a thin actin filament and a thick myosin filament.

Question 49

What does the high level similarity between the myosin gene sequences in human and non-human primates suggest?

A)Humans and non-human primates had a common ancestor at some time in the past.
B)Humans and non-human primates had common ancestor 2.4 million years ago.
C)The myosin gene arose independently in humans and non-human primates.
D)Genes can transfer readily between humans and non-human primates.
E)No natural selection has occurred in humans.

Question 50

How is the temporalis muscle attached to the skull and jaw?

A)myosin
B)ligaments
C)neurons
D)tendons
E)actin

Question 51

Athletes who do more short bursts of intense activity will develop more fast-twitch muscle.

Question 52

A new drug that mimics ATP but that cannot be broken down as ATP is in muscle would still allow muscular contraction to occur.

Question 53

Muscle rich in fast-twitch fibers is darker than muscle rich in slow-twitch fibers.

Question 54

The breast muscle of a wild duck is dark,while that of a domesticated chicken is white.What would be true of breast muscle in a wild duck?

A)They are fast-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondriA.
B)They are slow-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.
C)They are slow-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.
D)They are fast-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.
E)They are a mix of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles.

Question 55

How did the inactivation of a gene that now encodes a nonfunctional myosin protein affect human chewing muscles?

A)No effect because humans have over 40 closely related myosin genes.
B)No effect because myosin is not essential for life.
C)The loss of this myosin causes smaller and weaker chewing muscles in humans.
D)No effect because other proteins in the body can do the same thing as myosin.
E)The loss of this myosin causes greater flexibility of chewing muscles in humans.

Question 56

After death,muscles remain in a stiff position for several hours.What explains this observation?

A)ATP is required to break the bond between actin and myosin.
B)ATP is required for actin to bind to myosin.
C)ATP is required for the motor neuron to signal a muscle to relax.
D)ATP is required for calcium ions to be pumped into the muscle cell.
E)ATP is required to produce creatine phosphatE.

Question 57

Muscle rich in slow-twitch fibers is darker than muscle rich in fast-twitch fibers.

Question 58

Fermentation does not require oxygen to generate ATP and is almost as efficient as aerobic respiration in generating ATP in muscle cells.

Question 59

If you placed an electrode on a person's triceps and stimulated the muscle,what would occur?

A)They would not be able to straighten their leg.
B)They would not be able to straighten their arm.
C)They would not be able to bend their leg.
D)They would not be able to bend their arm.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 60

Athletes who who compete in distance/endurance events develop more fast-twitch muscle.

Question 61

If a growth plate is damaged before bone growth is complete,what may result?

A)Additional cartilage will be added to the growth plate.
B)The bone will not grow to its full length.
C)The bone will continue to grow unchecked.
D)The cartilage will continue to grow uncheckeD.
E)Red bone marrow will not form because of a reduced marrow cavity.

Question 62

______ keep(s)urine inside the bladder and ______ expel(s)urine from the bladder.

A)Bone;muscles
B)Tendons;ligaments
C)Ligaments;tendons
D)Cartilage;muscle
E)Muscle;muscle

Question 63

A muscle that allows you to turn your head to the left will not allow you to turn your head back to the center.

Question 64

______ are used to lift a cup to your mouth,and ______ are used to lower the cup back onto the table.

A)The biceps;the triceps
B)The muscles;the bones
C)The tendons;the ligaments
D)The ligaments;the tendons
E)The biceps;the tendons

Question 65

What connective tissue provides a mold that bone replaces until bone growth is complete?

A)cartilage
B)red bone marrow
C)yellow bone marrow
D)compact bone
E)spongy bone

Question 66

What keeps your head held up and not drooped forward toward your chest when you are awake?

A)nervous tissue
B)skeletal muscle
C)cartilage
D)bone
E)tendons

Question 67

What letter in the figure of a long bone corresponds to the location of hard,dense connective tissue with canals that house blood vessels and nervous tissue but that lacks enough space to store red bone marrow?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 68

What letter in the figure of a long bone corresponds to the location where red blood cells and platelets are made?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 69

Without muscles,bones ______ and without bones,muscles ______.

A)would remain in one location;would move soft tissue layers
B)would remain in one location;would remain in one location
C)would provide movement;would remain in one location
D)would be useless;would remain under control of the nervous system
E)would remain under control of the nervous system;would be useless

Question 70

Which is not a function of skeletal muscles?

A)produce heat to keep the body warm
B)yell a command
C)blink
D)kick a ball
E)pump blood through the heart