Deck 21: Plant Form and Function

Question 1

Internodes of plants are

A)located on the stems.
B)located on the roots.
C)dormant periods of time between rapid growth stages.
D)periods of time between releasing of pollen.
E)located on the male flower parts.

Answer 1

A
Explanation: Internodes connect successive nodes in stem.Please see section 21.1 for more information.

Question 2

If you were observing a root every few days and saw that it enlarged and persisted throughout the life of the plant,you would be looking at a

A)fibrous root.
B)companion root.
C)rhizome.
D)stoma.
E)taproot.

Answer 2

E
Explanation: Taproots are found in eudicot plants.Please see sections 21.1 and 21.4 for more information.

Question 3

Which is a function in a plant but found outside the root?

A)anchor the plant
B)produce energy that the plant can use to carry out metabolism
C)absorb water
D)absorb mineral nutrients for the plant
E)form beneficial relationships with microorganisms,thereby increasing the plant's ability to obtain nutrients

Answer 3

B
Explanation: It is the leaves which capture light from the sun and perform photosynthesis.Please see section 21.1 for more information.

Question 4

Stems that grow underground and produce roots and new shoots are

A)rhizomes.
B)always parasitic.
C)stomata.
D)tubers.
E)tendrils.

Question 5

Compound leaves are defined as being divided into

A)blades.
B)companion cells.
C)leaflets.
D)stomata.
E)lateral meristems.

Question 6

Roots are usually found underground.

Question 7

The part of a plant that is the stalk-like part of a leaf is the

A)node.
B)petiole.
C)internode.
D)blade.
E)companion cell.

Question 8

Roots are long and thin to make them good at absorbing.

Question 9

Monocots have taproots while dicots have fibrous roots.

Question 10

The main vegetative parts of plants include

A)roots,flowers,and stems.
B)fruits,flowers,and leaves.
C)roots,stems,and leaves.
D)stems,roots,flowers,leaves,and fruits.
E)flowers and fruits only.

Question 11

The point at which one or more leaves attach to the stem of a plant is a

A)petiole.
B)internode.
C)anther.
D)sieve tube.
E)nodE.

Question 12

You are examining a soil sample,when you find a piece of a plant.Dissection shows that it is a stem,and chemical tests reveal the presence of large amounts of starch.You conclude that this is a

A)stomatA.
B)tubers.
C)always parasitiC.
D)rhizomes.
E)tendrils.

Question 13

Dicots have vascular bundles scattered throughout the ground tissue.

Question 14

You are given a sample to analyze and told that it comes from a plant growing actively in the summer,specifically from one tissue in the stem.Chemical analysis shows that it contains abundant sucrose.You would guess that the tissue was xylem.

Question 15

Parasitic plants steal from other plants by making connections to the other plants' vascular tissue.

Question 16

You are shown a flowering plant that,you are told,hosts ants that protect it.You are told that the ants walk along the veins in its leaves.To test whether this is accurate,you could prepare a model artificial leaf with veins that are

A)parallel.
B)branched.
C)circular.
D)oval.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 17

Mistletoe is an example of a parasitic plant.

Question 18

Parasitic plants donate nutrients to other plants.

Question 19

You are shown a flowering plant that,you are told,hosts ants that protect it.You are told that the place,made by the plant,where the ants live,is in the roots in the central pith.You conclude that this plant is a

A)monocot.
B)dicot.
C)tree.
D)grass.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 20

Stems that coil around surrounding objects for support are

A)always parasitic.
B)tendrils.
C)stomata.
D)rhizomes.
E)tubers.

Question 21

The ________________ transport(s)water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the shoots of the plant.

A)xylem
B)guard cells
C)phloem
D)epidermis
E)stomata

Question 22

If a plant exhibits determinate growth,the plant

A)continues to grow until the environment determines that it cannot.
B)produces auxiliary roots to help stabilize the plant.
C)sends out tendrils to support the plant.
D)stops growing when the plant reaches its mature size.
E)produces seeds only at one time during its lifE.

Question 23

The pores through which leaves exchange gases with the atmosphere are

A)epidermal cells.
B)sieve tube elements.
C)guard cells.
D)petioles.
E)stomata.

Question 24

The type of plant cell that provides support without interfering with growth and is familiar as the "strings in celery" is a

A)sieve tube cell.
B)collenchyma cell.
C)parenchyma cell.
D)sclerenchyma cell.
E)guard cell.

Question 25

The root cap

A)protects the meristem from abrasion.
B)is located at the tip of the root.
C)secretes a lubricant for the growing root.
D)plays a role in sensing gravity.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 26

The conducting cell(s)of the xylem,which make up the bulk of the vascular tissue,is(are)

A)sieve tube elements only.
B)tracheids only.
C)both tracheids and vessel elements.
D)vessel elements only.
E)both tracheids and sieve tube elements.

Question 27

If you want to make maple syrup,you have to extract sugary syrup from a stem tissue,so you would tap the _______ tissue.

A)phloem
B)guard cells
C)xylem
D)epidermis
E)stomata

Question 28

The tissue that produces cells to thicken a root or stem is the

A)apical meristem.
B)No answer is correct.
C)epidermis.
D)cortex.
E)lateral meristem.

Question 29

You are examining a plant that has recently been discovered,a plant that does not fit into either the eudicots or the monocots.You notice that its leaves have small openings,and that when these openings close,photosynthesis stops.You guess that the cells on either side of these pores are

A)sieve tube cells.
B)vascular cells.
C)companion cells.
D)pith cells.
E)guard cells.

Question 30

If a gardener wanted to help prevent erosion along a slope it would be best to

A)plant grasses because they have fibrous roots.
B)plant grasses because they have taproots.
C)plant trees because they have taproots.
D)plant trees because they have fibrous roots.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 31

The xylem and phloem are produced by the

A)vascular cambium.
B)sieve tube.
C)vascular bundle.
D)mycorrhizal fungi.
E)companion cells.

Question 32

If you were grading a lab practical exam question,and you had asked students to inject dye where a stem function occurs,what activity would be found where the injection would be incorrect?

A)storage of starch
B)support
C)storage of water
D)production of pollen
E)protection from predators

Question 33

You are examining a newly discovered plant when you find a dome of cells at the end of its stem.You have found the new plant's

A)apical meristem.
B)lateral meristem.
C)No answer is correct.
D)tracheiD.
E)vascular bundlE.

Question 34

The primary organ of photosynthesis in a plant is the

A)leaf.
B)stomata.
C)bark.
D)stem.
E)chlorophyll.

Question 35

A collective term for all plant tissues outside the vascular cambium is

A)mesophyll.
B)bark.
C)leaf.
D)wooD.
E)cork cambium.

Question 36

The type of plant cell that provides rigid support and is dead at maturity is a

A)sclerenchyma cell.
B)sieve tube cell.
C)parenchyma cell.
D)collenchyma cell.
E)guard cell.

Question 37

The main phloem-conducting cells are

A)tracheids.
B)companion cells.
C)sieve tube elements.
D)vessel elements.
E)stomata.

Question 38

The source of a plant's new cells is a type of plant tissue called its

A)tracheid.
B)meristem.
C)guard cell.
D)cortex.
E)mesophyll.

Question 39

When preparing slides to look at mitosis,the tips of onion roots are a good source of cells because they contain ______ where mitosis is taking place consistently.

A)All answers are correct.
B)dermal tissue
C)vascular tissue
D)apical meristem
E)endodermis

Question 40

A waxy layer secreted by the epidermal cells of a plant is the

A)stomatA.
B)cuticle.
C)guard cell.
D)xylem.
E)phloem.

Question 41

In the spring before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following best describes the original source of the sugars found in the sap?

A)photosynthesis during the previous summer
B)photosynthesis that winter
C)photosynthesis occurring in the spring while the sap is flowing
D)breakdown of cellulose in the tree
E)absorption from the soil

Question 42

If a plant exhibits a pattern of indeterminate growth,it stops growing when it reaches mature size.

Question 43

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Why wouldn't girdling work on a large grass?

A)The vascular bundles are in a ring just under the bark.
B)The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.
C)Monocots don't have vascular bundles.
D)Eudicots don't have vascular bundles.
E)Grasses have taproots.

Question 44

A potato stores a lot of starch.Which tissue would you expect to be most abundant in a potato?

A)dermal tissue
B)vascular tissue
C)ground tissue
D)equal amounts of ground and dermal tissue
E)equal amounts of dermal and vascular tissue

Question 45

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,and come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall,but the nail is the same distance from the ground.This is because the tree grows up from

A)the apical meristem only.
B)the lateral meristem only.
C)both the lateral and apical meristems.
D)the soil line.
E)the nodE.

Question 46

If a friend gave you a culinary herb that,season after season,produced no woody growth,you could call it an herbaceous plant.

Question 47

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Which is the best explanation for this observation?

A)The phloem was cut,so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves.
B)The xylem was cut,so sugars cannot be transported to the roots.
C)The xylem was cut,so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves.
D)Cutting the bark allows access to pathogens that kill the tree.
E)The phloem was cut,so sugars cannot be transported to the roots.

Question 48

The three main types of tissue formed by plant cells are ground tissue,dermal tissue,and vascular tissue.

Question 49

On a hot sunny day,which of the following would help protect a plant from water loss?

A)both cuticle and stomata
B)both cuticle and cortex
C)both stomata and cortex
D)both cuticle and phloem
E)both phloem and stomata

Question 50

Which best describes a compound leaf?

A)multiple blades attached to a single petiole
B)a single blade attached to a petiole
C)a single leaflet attached to a petiole
D)multiple leaflets attached to a single petiole
E)multiple leaflets attached to multiple petioles

Question 51

A tomato,a squash,or a bean: any one of these would be considered a fruit for which reason?

A)They contain seeds from a flowering plant.
B)They were produced by a flowering plant.
C)They can have a color other than green.
D)They grow above the grounD.
E)They can be eaten raw.

Question 52

Vegetative edible plant parts include roots,fruits,stems,and tubers.

Question 53

Apoptosis is Greek for "dropping off" and refers to the programmed death of cells that attach the petiole to the stem.When these cells die in the fall,the leaves drop.Cells in which part of the plant are undergoing apoptosis?

A)lateral meristem only
B)apical meristem only
C)all types of meristem
D)leaf
E)node

Question 54

Root hairs greatly increase the absorptive surface area of a root.

Question 55

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,so that 5 inches of the nail are showing.You come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall and only 3 inches of the nail are showing.This is because the tree grows out from

A)the lateral meristem only.
B)the apical meristem only.
C)both the lateral and apical meristems.
D)the bark.
E)the nodE.

Question 56

The shoot of a plant is the above-ground part of a plant.

Question 57

In a deciduous tree found in the north,which two seasons would contribute to tree rings?

A)spring and summer
B)spring and fall
C)winter and spring
D)winter and summer
E)summer and fall

Question 58

If you cut a stalk of celery and put it in a glass of water containing red food coloring overnight,the next morning the celery will be red.Through what was the food coloring taken up?

A)phloem
B)stomata
C)xylem
D)dermal tissue
E)ground tissue

Question 59

If you dug up a plant and found it to have fibrous roots,you would suspect it to be a monocots.

Question 60

Where would you expect to find sapwood in a cross section of a tree trunk?

A)in the bark
B)just under the bark
C)in the center
D)in the roots
E)All answers are correct.

Question 61

Throughout a growing season,a plant uses up to 1000 liters (or kg)of water to produce just 1 kilogram of tissue.What happens to most of the remaining 999 kg of water?

A)It is used in the cytoplasm.
B)It is used in photosynthesis.
C)It is used in hydrolysis reactions.
D)It evaporates (transpiration).
E)It passes back through the roots into the soil.

Question 62

"P" is the chemical symbol for

A)nickel.
B)potassium.
C)plutonium.
D)phosphorus.
E)copper.

Question 63

Carbon dioxide enters a plant from the atmosphere through pores called

A)guard cells.
B)companion cells.
C)sieve tubes.
D)nodes.
E)stomata.

Question 64

In the pressure flow theory,any part of a plant that does not carry out photosynthesis is a

A)source.
B)sink.
C)reservoir.
D)aqueduct.
E)companion cell.

Question 65

"K" is the chemical symbol for

A)phosphorus.
B)potassium.
C)nickel.
D)krypton.
E)copper.

Question 66

The attraction of a molecule of one substance,such as water,to a molecule of another substance,such as cellulose in plant cells walls,is

A)adhesion.
B)hydrolysis.
C)condensation.
D)cohesion.
E)evaporation.

Question 67

If asked how nitrogen becomes available to plants,you would point downward,since nitrogen enters plants

A)through their stomatA.
B)through their leaves.
C)through their roots.
D)through their roots and leaves.
E)through their stomata and leaves.

Question 68

The bacterium Rhizobium

A)triggers the development of root nodules in legumes.
B)enters plants through the root hairs.
C)lives symbiotically within plant cells.
D)breaks the triple covalent bond in N_2.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 69

Nutrients that an organism needs in fairly large amounts are referred to as

A)total nutrients.
B)macronutrients.
C)micronutrients.
D)solid nutrients.
E)essential nutrients.

Question 70

Most carnivorous plants use their prey as a primary source of

A)nitrogen.
B)energy.
C)carbon.
D)magnesium.
E)potassium.

Question 71

Using organic matter such as manure or compost for fertilizer

A)improves fertility.
B)aerates the soil.
C)increases the water holding capacity of the soil.
D)provides food for beneficial soil microorganisms.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 72

The evaporation of water from the leaf of a plant is

A)totally prevented by the leaf's cuticle.
B)not affected by temperature.
C)condensation.
D)transpiration.
E)precipitation.

Question 73

The products of photosynthesis move from the leaf to other parts of the plant via

A)xylem.
B)phloem.
C)cortex.
D)cortex and phloem.
E)cortex and xylem.

Question 74

Which will not increase the rate of transpiration in a plant?

A)high humidity
B)low humidity
C)high wind speeds
D)high temperature
E)All answers are correct.

Question 75

If a friend,who knew you were going to a garden center,asked you to buy some "10-10-10," you would know that you were being asked for a fertilizer containing

A)zinc,magnesium,and potassium.
B)nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium.
C)copper,nitrogen,and phosphorus.
D)carbon,sulfur,and nitrogen.
E)nitrogen,zinc,and copper.

Question 76

Plants need nitrogen since they have to have it to make

A)amino acids.
B)proteins.
C)nucleic acids.
D)chlorophyll.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 77

The innermost layer of the cortex of a plant root is the

A)epidermis.
B)stoma.
C)guard cell.
D)endodermis.
E)petiolE.

Question 78

The tendency of water molecules to "cling" together is

A)cohesion.
B)adhesion.
C)hydrolysis.
D)condensation.
E)evaporation.

Question 79

The opening and closing of a plant's stomata are regulated by the flow of _____________ ions.

A)phosphorus
B)magnesium
C)copper
D)sulfur
E)potassium

Question 80

The water absorption rate of a plant's roots is greatly increased by

A)the presence of many stomatA.
B)the presence of root hairs only.
C)both associations with mycorrhizal fungi and the presence of root hairs.
D)association with mycorrhizal fungi only.
E)both the presence of many stomata and root hairs.