Deck 11: Dna Technology

Question 1

Cloning through DNA technology is most similar to

A)asexual reproduction.
B)sexual reproduction.
C)stem cells' replacement of faulty cells.
D)meiosis.
E)mate selection.

Answer 1

A
Explanation: Cloning produces more organisms genetically identical to the original organism,as in asexual reproduction.Please see section 11.3 for more information.

Question 2

Which of the following is not an application of DNA technology?

A)selection of desired traits in breeding
B)detection of genetic illnesses
C)replacement of faulty copies of genes
D)production of genetically modified crops with greater nutritional value
E)determination of identity of criminals through DNA profiling

Answer 2

A
Explanation: Conventional breeding does not involve DNA technology.Please see section 11.1 for more information.

Question 3

The results of DNA sequencing are used

A)to predict protein sequences.
B)to compare DNA sequences between humans.
C)to compare DNA sequences between different species.
D)to compare DNA sequences between related extinct and extant organisms.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 3

E
Explanation: DNA sequences allow the prediction of protein sequence,and thus function> please see section 11.2 for more information.

Question 4

How does DNA profiling detect genetic differences between individuals?

A)uses short tandem repeats and other variable parts of the genome
B)uses shared genetic sequences
C)uses entire genomes
D)uses detection of non-AGCT bases
E)uses only coding regions of the genome

Question 5

Why is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)a very common tool since its invention in the 1980s?

A)rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of bacterial cells
B)rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of animal cells
C)rapidly replicates DNA sequences without the use of living organisms
D)eliminates need for recombinant DNA
E)reduces the size of plasmids and speeds their insertion

Question 6

In creating a transgenic organism,the ____ from one species is inserted into another species.

A)RNA
B)DNA
C)protein
D)DNA or protein
E)plasmid

Question 7

DNA technology can be used to determine how humans are related to other living organisms.

Question 8

To which types of organisms can cloning technology be applied?

A)asexually reproducing organisms
B)sexually reproducing organisms
C)animals
D)prokaryotes
E)all extant and extinct organisms with DNA available to scientists

Question 9

Stem cell technology has the potential to

A)produce any type of cell in the body.
B)replace damaged cells after an injury.
C)replace absent or incorrect cells resulting from a genetic disease.
D)replace absent or incorrect cells resulting from a nongenetic disease.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 10

A transgenic organism is an organism that receives all of its genes from only a single parent.

Question 11

An organism that receives recombinant DNA

A)has a genetic disease.
B)is a transgenic organism.
C)will develop cancer.
D)is sterile.
E)is a new species.

Question 12

In cloning the sheep Dolly,a nucleus was implanted into an egg that had its nucleus removed.The result of this somatic cell nuclear transfer was a(n)____ egg.

A)haploid
B)recombinant
C)unfertilized
D)diploid
E)tetraploid

Question 13

An example of DNA technology is

A)transferring genes from a bacterium to a fish.
B)sexual reproduction between two fish.
C)asexual reproduction in one bacterium.
D)a cat feeding upon a mouse.
E)a parasitic fungus infecting a bird.

Question 14

The Taq _______ enzyme is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)because it remains stable at high temperatures.

A)DNA polymerase
B)RNA polymerase
C)ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
D)primase
E)cytoskeleton

Question 15

Growth and development of a normal cell differs from a stem cell because

A)normal cells do not specialize into stem cells.
B)stem cells do not specialize into normal cells.
C)stem cells are not found in adult organisms.
D)mature stem cells do not contain DNA.
E)mature normal cells do not contain DNA.

Question 16

Genetically modified bacteria are responsible for producing

A)All answers are correct.
B)human insulin to treat diabetes.
C)blood clotting factors to treat hemophilia.
D)fertility hormones for humans.
E)amino acid phenylalanine used in the artificial sweetener aspartamE.

Question 17

How can stem cells replace faulty cells in the body?

A)Stem cells can be coaxed to differentiate into the needed specific cell type.
B)Stem cells can mitotically divide,providing more stem cells to directly replace the faulty cells and their functions.
C)Stem cells can meiotically divide,providing more stem cells to directly replace the faulty cells and their functions.
D)Faulty cells can be coaxed to differentiate into stem cells and directly replace the faulty cells and their functions.
E)Stem cells can directly serve as nerve or blood cells.

Question 18

DNA technology is used to

A)copy DNA.
B)sequence DNA nucleotides.
C)search for specific sequences of DNA.
D)turn genes on and off.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 19

Gene therapy might someday be used to treat many genetic disorders by removing faulty genes from somatic cells and replacing them with functional gene copies.

Question 20

DNA technology can result in

A)cloned pets.
B)All answers are correct.
C)tomatoes with an added gene that slows the rate of decay.
D)detection of DNA at a crime scene.
E)removal of genetic disorders.

Question 21

Which of the following is used to replace faulty DNA by introducing alleles that do not result in a genetic disorder?

A)gene therapy
B)somatic cell nuclear transfer
C)genetic testing
D)preimplantation genetic diagnosis
E)All answers are correct.

Question 22

Human DNA encodes

A)All answers are correct.
B)regulatory sequences that control gene expression.
C)tRNA.
D)rRNA.
E)proteins.

Question 23

Mitosis of a stem cell in a child or adult results in ______;mitosis of a specialized cell in a child or adult results in ______.

A)one stem cell and one specialized cell;two specialized cells
B)two specialized cells;one specialized cell
C)two stem cells;one stem cell
D)one stem cell and one specialized cell;two stem cells
E)two stem cells;one stem cell and one specialized cell

Question 24

DNA probes can be used to detect the alleles for

A)cystic fibrosis.
B)hemophilia.
C)All answers are correct.
D)Tay-Sachs syndrome.
E)sickle cell diseasE.

Question 25

What is the correct order of steps to create a transgenic organism?

A)acquire source DNA,obtain a plasmid,create recombinant DNA,insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell
B)obtain a plasmid,create recombinant DNA,acquire source DNA,insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell
C)obtain a plasmid,acquire source DNA,insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell,create recombinant DNA
D)insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell,obtain a plasmid,acquire source DNA,create recombinant DNA
E)acquire source DNA,obtain a plasmid,insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell,create recombinant DNA

Question 26

Growth of ______ does not include turning off genes.

A)stem cells
B)cardiac tissue
C)red blood cells
D)bacterial cells
E)All answers are correct.

Question 27

DNA technology can be applied to prevent,detect,and treat genetic diseases.

Question 28

Electrophoresis is used in DNA sequencing

A)to separate the DNA fragments.
B)to make copies of the DNA fragments.
C)to transfer DNA between organisms.
D)to remove DNA from an organism.
E)to mutate DNA.

Question 29

Cloning and sexual reproduction result in two genetically identical cells/organisms.

Question 30

A common feature of preimplantation genetic diagnosis,genetic testing,and gene therapy is

A)the use of DNA technology to detect or treat genetic disorders.
B)the destruction of faulty DNA in the human genome.
C)the replacement of faulty DNA in the human genome.
D)the use of stem cells.
E)the transfer of DNA from transgenic cells.

Question 31

Which of the following is used to ensure absence of a specific genetic disorder through selection of human embryos produced by in vitro fertilization?

A)preimplantation genetic diagnosis
B)genetic testing
C)gene therapy
D)somatic cell nuclear transfer
E)genetic transformation

Question 32

Gene probes locate specific DNA sequences by

A)binding with the complementary sequence in a genome.
B)turning off genes in specialized cells.
C)creating cloned genes.
D)electrophoresis.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 33

If the gene for a genetic disorder has the DNA sequence AATCGACTACCGTA,then the DNA probe has the sequence

A)AATCGACTACCGTA.
B)AAUCGACUACCGUA.
C)UUAGCUGACGGCAU.
D)TTAGCTGATGGCAT.

Question 34

Human DNA includes

A)encoding RNA and regulatory sequences that control gene expression.
B)genes that are transcribed but not translated.
C)pseudogenes.
D)remnants of old genes from ancestors.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 35

What is the function of transposable elements in human DNA?

A)repeated segments with no known function
B)nonrepeated segments with no known function
C)repeated segments that encode rRNA
D)nonrepeated segments that encode tRNA
E)repeated segments that encode rRNA and tRNA

Question 36

Which of the following is used to detect the presence of specific genetic disorders in fetuses,newborns,children,and adults?

A)somatic cell nuclear transfer
B)preimplantation genetic diagnosis
C)genetic testing
D)gene therapy
E)All answers are correct.

Question 37

98.5% of the human genome does not encode proteins.

Question 38

Cloning results in two genetically identical cells/organisms;sexual reproduction results in genetically different cells/organisms.

Question 39

All of the human genome encodes proteins.

Question 40

DNA probes are typically labeled with a radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag to locate within the genome after binding.

Question 41

In the section "Investigating Life: What Makes Us Human?," the scientists questioned what

A)genetically differentiates humans from our closest relatives.
B)caused human brains to be more advanced than other animals.
C)caused humans to walk on two limbs compared to primates,who walk on four limbs.
D)physically separates humans and chimpanzees from other primates.
E)chromosomes all primates have in common.

Question 42

Although ethically questionable,it is possible to correct a genetic disorder through gene therapy in germline cells that give rise to gametes.

Question 43

Genetic testing may lead to ethical issues,such as whether results should be used to determine who receives health insurance.

Question 44

Which of the following is not an ethical issue surrounding the use of DNA technology in human medicine?

A)May reduce human suffering through elimination of genetic disorders.
B)Cost may limit use to only wealthy people.
C)Errors can be made that lead to damaging or erroneous treatments.
D)May result in quest for perfection that leads to unhealthy practices.
E)All of the choices are ethical issues.

Question 45

What are the possible effects of gene doping?

A)encode for new or more proteins than previously existed in the cell
B)boost the production of erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production
C)make athletes better competitors
D)result in negative effects in the body
E)All answers are correct.

Question 46

Transgenes for herbicide resistance have been accidentally transferred from crop plants to their weedy wild relatives.

Question 47

Transfer of transgenes from crop plants to wild relatives can render chemicals like glyphospate useless.

Question 48

Applications of DNA technology may result in negative effects,including

A)All answers are correct.
B)creating too much of a cellular product.
C)insertion into an incorrect location in a chromosome.
D)triggering cancer.
E)triggering unwanted immune responses.