Deck 30: Animal Reproduction and Development

Question 1

In the male,the sac-like structure that contains the testes is the

A)epididymis.
B)vas deferens.
C)scrotum.
D)ureter.
E)seminal vesiclE.

Answer 1

C
Explanation: The scrotum,being external,allows for a lower temperature for sperm production,and,thus,more fertile sperm.Please see section 30.2 for more information.

Question 2

The tube-like structure that serves as the birth canal in the human female is the

A)cervix.
B)vulva.
C)vagina.
D)uterus.
E)uterine tubE.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: The vagina is part of the path taken by the sperm as they try to reach the egg.Please see section 30.3 for more information.

Question 3

The cells in the ovary that give rise to the mature egg cells are the

A)follicle cells.
B)primary spermatocytes.
C)endometrial cells.
D)polar bodies.
E)oocytes.

Answer 3

E
Explanation: Oocytes are diploid but give rise to haploid eggs.Please see section 30.3 for more information.

Question 4

Working with a female patient who has ________ cancer,you expect that tests will show an infection with human papilloma virus.

A)ovarian
B)lung
C)breast
D)cervical
E)All answers are correct.

Question 5

If you were working with a male patient suffering from infertility.Examination shows no problems until a blockage in a tube that extends from the scrotum and connects to the urethra.You tell the patient that the infertility is probably due to damage to his

A)ejaculatory duct.
B)ureter.
C)urethra.
D)seminiferous tubule.
E)vas deferens.

Question 6

If you wanted to sample most of the fluid found in the semen before sperm are added,you would need to cut into the

A)epididymis.
B)urethra.
C)ejaculatory duct.
D)seminal vesicle.
E)seminiferous tubulE.

Question 7

Mature human sperm cells

A)are haploid.
B)are secondary spermatocytes.
C)contain 46 chromosomes.
D)are primary spermatocytes.
E)undergo meiosis.

Question 8

The diploid first cell of a new organism is a(n)

A)gamete.
B)sperm.
C)polar body.
D)zygote.
E)ovum.

Question 9

In human males,the different types of male sex hormones are collectively called

A)estrogens.
B)growth hormones.
C)progesterones.
D)androgens.
E)follicle-stimulating hormones.

Question 10

The 2 cm-long structure in the human female that stimulates the female to experience orgasm is the

A)clitoris.
B)cervix.
C)labia majora.
D)uterus.
E)labia minora.

Question 11

In organisms that reproduce sexually,________ are the sex cells that carry the genetic information from each parent.

A)diploid zygotes
B)haploid zygotes
C)haploid gametes
D)diploid gametes
E)diploid hormones

Question 12

In the human male and female reproductive systems,each system contains paired primary sex organs called ______,which contain ______ that give rise to gametes.

A)testes;sperm cells
B)gonads;germ cells
C)ovaries;egg cells
D)germ cells;hormones
E)All answers are correct.

Question 13

The structure that secretes a thin,milky,alkaline fluid that activates the sperm to swim is the

A)urethrA.
B)seminal vesicle.
C)prostate gland.
D)vas deferens.
E)epididymis.

Question 14

If working on a diagram of the human male reproductive system,you would label the tightly coiled tube that receives and stores sperm from one testis is a(n)

A)scrotum.
B)vas deferens.
C)epididymis.
D)prostate glanD.
E)seminal vesiclE.

Question 15

The cap-like __________________ covers the head of the sperm and releases enzymes that will help the sperm penetrate the egg.

A)epididymis
B)vas deferens
C)acrosome
D)mitochondria
E)nucleus

Question 16

The tightly coiled structure (structures)inside the testes that produce the sperm cells is (are)the

A)seminiferous tubules.
B)epididymis.
C)vas deferens.
D)scrotum.
E)ureters.

Question 17

If a woman,late in pregnancy,feels contractions of a muscular sac-like organ,she is feeling contractions of her

A)ovary.
B)labia majora.
C)vagina.
D)uterus.
E)vulva.

Question 18

The process that unites the male gametes with the female gametes in organisms that reproduce sexually is termed

A)conjugation.
B)fertilization.
C)crossing over.
D)gastrulation.
E)recombination.

Question 19

The end of the uterus that opens to the vagina is the

A)labia minorA.
B)cervix.
C)vaginal orifice.
D)clitoris.
E)labia majora.

Question 20

Cilia sweep the released mature oocytes from ovaries into the

A)cervix.
B)uterine tubes.
C)labia majora.
D)uterus.
E)vagina.

Question 21

In humans,the transparent sac that contains fluid that cushions the embryo and maintains a constant temperature and pressure is the

A)amnion.
B)yolk sac.
C)embryonic disC.
D)chorionic villus.
E)chorion.

Question 22

In the late 1950s,some women took ______ as a tranquilizer to relieve morning sickness and it caused deformed limbs in developing embryos.

A)acetaminophen
B)acutane
C)erythromycin
D)thalidomide
E)penicillin

Question 23

In a secondary oocyte,meiosis is arrested in metaphase II until

A)ovulation.
B)FSH is present.
C)fertilization occurs.
D)LH is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
E)puberty.

Question 24

A caterpillar turning into a butterfly is an example of

A)external fertilization.
B)internal fertilization.
C)indirect development.
D)direct development.
E)reproduction.

Question 25

The stage of human development in which the endoderm,mesoderm,and ectoderm form is the

A)zygote.
B)gastrula.
C)embryonic stage.
D)ovum.
E)fetal stagE.

Question 26

A gene called the ______ must be activated at week seven of embryonic development for male sex organs and glands to develop.

A)sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome
B)GnRH
C)FSH
D)sex-determining gene on the X chromosome
E)GH

Question 27

Menopause

A)is the cessation of menstruation.
B)is the cessation of sperm production.
C)is the beginning of menstruation.
D)begins in most females at puberty.
E)begins in most males at puberty.

Question 28

You are reading a patient's chart and decide that ovulation has happened.What did the chart show surging to make you think this?

A)FSH
B)LH
C)estrogen
D)progesterone
E)GnRH

Question 29

The gland that forms from ruptured follicle cells in the ovary and secretes estrogen and progesterone is the

A)labia majorA.
B)prostate gland.
C)seminal vesicle.
D)clitoris.
E)corpeus luteum.

Question 30

If a mother gives birth in a squatting position,and the baby breaks free on the way out of the birth canal,you would know that there had been a break in the

A)chorionic villus.
B)umbilical cord.
C)uterine tube.
D)fallopian tube.
E)embryonic disc.

Question 31

Fertilization of a secondary oocyte normally occurs in the

A)ovary.
B)vagina.
C)fallopian tube.
D)uterus.
E)cervix.

Question 32

A baby turtle growing into an adult that appears similar is an example of

A)direct development.
B)external fertilization.
C)internal fertilization.
D)indirect development.
E)differentiation.

Question 33

The hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates release of LH and FSH in both the male and female is

A)human growth hormone.
B)testosterone.
C)gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
D)estrogen hormone.
E)human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 34

A female salmon laying unfertilized eggs in a nest is preparing them for ____ by a male salmon.

A)external fertilization
B)internal fertilization
C)indirect development
D)direct development
E)differentiation

Question 35

A female chicken laying a fertilized egg has undergone ____ with a rooster.

A)differentiation
B)external fertilization
C)indirect development
D)direct development
E)internal fertilization

Question 36

What evidence would cause you to think that a preembryo had split before day 12 of a patient's pregnancy?

A)polar bodies
B)secondary oocytes
C)fraternal twins
D)identical twins
E)embryonic discs

Question 37

The stage of human development that occurs from implantation to about eight weeks after fertilization is the

A)zygote.
B)preembryonic stage.
C)gastrula.
D)fetal stage.
E)embryonic stagE.

Question 38

The hormone that is the basis of most pregnancy tests is

A)follicle-stimulating hormone.
B)luteinizing hormone.
C)human chorionic gonadotropin.
D)estrogen.
E)progesteronE.

Question 39

The correct sequence for the stages in development from conception to birth is

A)preembryonic stage,zygote,embryonic stage,fetal stage.
B)fetal stage,zygote,preembryonic stage,embryonic stage.
C)preembryonic stage,embryonic stage,zygote,fetal stage.
D)zygote,preembryonic stage,embryonic stage,fetal stage.
E)fetal stage,embryonic stage,preembryonic stage,zygotE.

Question 40

The hormone released by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the development of the corpeus luteum is

A)GnRH.
B)FSH.
C)LH.
D)ATP.
E)progesteronE.

Question 41

The ovarian cycle prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Question 42

Taking antibiotics can disrupt the microbial community of the vagina and create an opportunity for the yeast Candida albicans to cause an infection.

Question 43

The intake of alcohol,cigarette smoke,and insufficient amounts of vitamins may all cause birth defects in a developing fetus.

Question 44

What does the human reproductive system create?

A)a new gamete
B)a genetically identical copy of an existing human
C)a genetically identical cell
D)a genetically different cell
E)a genetically unique offspring

Question 45

A tubal ligation is a surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are severed,and then tied.How would this cause sterility?

A)Oocytes cannot be produced by meiosis.
B)Oocytes cannot move to the uterus.
C)Oocytes cannot be produced by mitosis.
D)A woman cannot have an orgasm.
E)The ovary stops producing estrogen.

Question 46

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.What effect would this have on the anterior pituitary?

A)It would secrete less FSH and LH.
B)It would secrete less gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
C)It would secrete more gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
D)It would secrete more FSH and LH.
E)There would be no effect on the anterior pituitary.

Question 47

Often a woman may first suspect she is pregnant when she misses a period or menstrual cycle.What causes a pregnant woman to miss a period?

A)Chorionic gonadotropin causes the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.
B)Chorionic gonadotropin blocks the corpus luteum from producing progesterone.
C)Follicle-stimulating hormone causes the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.
D)Follicle-stimulating hormone blocks the corpus luteum from producing progesterone.
E)Luteinizing hormone blocks the corpus luteum from producing progesteronE.

Question 48

A vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vas deferens are severed,and then tied.How would this cause sterility?

A)Sperm cannot be produced by meiosis.
B)Sperm cannot be produced by mitosis.
C)Sperm cannot move to the urethra.
D)A man cannot get an erection.
E)The testes stop producing testosteronE.

Question 49

Thalidomide was given to pregnant women from 1957 to 1961 to help relieve the symptoms of morning sickness.Thalidomide binds to and inactivates the protein cereblon,which is important in limb formation.If a woman took thalidomide during the _____ period of her baby's development,it could result in stunted growth of their limbs.

A)preembryonic
B)fetal
C)prezygotic
D)embryonic
E)delivery

Question 50

Human development exemplifies direct development,since the baby so clearly resembles the adult.

Question 51

What is the ideal outcome of the human reproductive system?

A)to create individuals better suited to the environment than the existing individuals
B)to create diploid gametes
C)to break down foreign invaders and pathogens in any location in the body
D)to remove foreign invaders and pathogens entering through the genitals
E)All answers are correct.

Question 52

The second stage of prenatal development is the fetal stage.

Question 53

Athletes who take synthetic steroids can become sterile due to lack of sperm production.This is because the synthetic steroids cause what?

A)a decrease in FSH and LH production
B)an increase in FSH and LH production
C)a decrease in FSH and an increase in LH production
D)an increase in FSH and a decrease in LH production
E)No answer is correct.

Question 54

When a female cuttlefish accepts a male's mating attempt,the two animals align head-to-head,and he inserts a sperm packet into a pouch near her mouth.This is an example of

A)sexual internal fertilization.
B)sexual external fertilization.
C)asexual internal fertilization.
D)asexual external fertilization.
E)hermaphroditic fertilization.

Question 55

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.How would this prevent pregnancy?

A)It would prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
B)It would cause the embryo to die.
C)It would prevent implantation on the uterine wall.
D)If would act as a spermicide,killing sperm.
E)It would prevent ovulation.

Question 56

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.What effect would this have on the hypothalamus?

A)It would secrete less FSH and LH.
B)It would secrete more gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
C)It would secrete more FSH and LH.
D)It would secrete less gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
E)There would be no effect on the hypothalamus.

Question 57

Athletes who take synthetic steroids can become sterile due to lack of sperm production.This is because of negative feedback on what?

A)the epididymis
B)the testes
C)the vas deferens
D)the prostate
E)the hypothalamus

Question 58

Genital warts are caused by HPV.

Question 59

A diaphragm is a shallow,dome-shaped rubber disk with a flexible rim that fits within the vagina and covers the cervix.How does this act as a contraceptive to prevent pregnancy?

A)It would prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
B)It would prevent ovulation.
C)It would cause the embryo to die.
D)It would prevent implantation on the uterine wall.
E)If would act as a spermicide,killing sperm.

Question 60

The cause(s)of PMS are clearly related to hormonal fluctuations,but they are not yet fully understood.

Question 61

The events of the birthing process use positive feedback.The stretching of the cervix during prelabor or stage 1 of labor causes the hypothalamus to trigger the pituitary gland to release the hormone oxytocin,which causes uterine contractions.

Question 62

Why does the surface of the oocyte change when the first sperm cell touches the secondary oocyte?

A)to prevent the first sperm from further entering the egg before more of the outer layer of follicle cells is penetrated by other sperm
B)to prevent the first sperm from fertilizing the egg until the uterus is prepared for implantation
C)to allow the first sperm to enter the egg and fertilization to occur
D)to allow up to 200 sperm to enter the egg,though only one sperm will fertilize the egg
E)to prevent more than one sperm from entering the egg

Question 63

Why does the expulsion of the placenta not occur until the final stage of labor?

A)to remove waste from the fetus during labor
B)to provide nourishment to the fetus during labor
C)to provide oxygen to the fetus during labor
D)to remove carbon dioxide from the fetus during labor
E)All answers are correct.

Question 64

Gonadotropin releasing hormone starts the cascade of hormones that promote sperm production in the human male.

Question 65

Sperm production in the human male is governed by estrogen and progesterone.

Question 66

Fruit fly development clearly exemplifies direct development,since the worm-like larva is so unlike the adult fly.

Question 67

Which statement about sexually transmitted diseases is wrong?

A)STDs are unique to humans.
B)The most common STD in the United States is genital warts.
C)An individual with one STD can obtain another STD.
D)STDs spread through vaginal,oral,and anal sex.
E)Many STDs do not show initial symptoms,especially in men.

Question 68

Although impossible in humans,what is the result if two sperm fertilized an egg?

A)a haploid zygote with one-third of the total chromosomes from each gamete
B)a diploid zygote with one-half of the total chromosomes from each gamete
C)a diploid zygote with all of the chromosomes from each gamete
D)a triploid zygote with all of the chromosomes from each gamete
E)identical twins

Question 69

The structure of reproductive systems is similar between some organisms,and hybridization is a special danger for cases of external fertilization.What prevents fertilization of gametes from different organisms?

A)The sperm is too large or too small to fertilize the egg.
B)The large body size of one organism and the small body size of the other organism prevents internal fertilization.
C)One organism reproduces externally and the other organism requires internal fertilization.
D)Proteins on the surface of the egg and sperm are only recognized by the correct organism.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 70

Which is correct about sexually transmitted diseases?

A)All STDs are treatable with antibiotics if caught early enough.
B)STDs cannot be contracted through oral sex.
C)All answers are correct.
D)Viruses,bacteria,protists,and fungi can cause STDs.
E)All STDs can kill a human if left untreated.