Deck 48: The Digestive System

Question 1

The rate at which an animal consumes energy at rest is called ________.

A)the basal metabolic rate
B)gluconeogenesis
C)glycogenolysis
D)rumination

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A ______ is an organic substance the animal needs in small quantities,but cannot synthesize on its own.

A)vitamin
B)hormone
C)cofactor
D)heliobacter

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Rumen of the first stomach of ruminants serves as a fermentation chamber in which bacteria and protozoa degrade

A)protein.
B)fats.
C)cellulose.
D)glucose.
E)starch.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In humans,and other vertebrates,the digestive system consists of

A)a one-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and accessory organs.
B)a two-way tube with a separate mouth and anus.
C)a tube with a single opening that serves as mouth and anus.
D)a two-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and accessory organs.
E)a one-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and no accessory organs.

Question 5

The mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice is called _____.

A)chyme
B)rumen
C)trypsin
D)heliobacter

Question 6

The strong hydrochloric acid present in the gastric juice denatures proteins and activates ________,a protein digesting enzyme.

A)pepsin
B)trypsin
C)chymotrypsin
D)lipase
E)amylase

Question 7

The process in which amino acids and lactic acid are converted to glucose is known as

A)aminolactogenesis.
B)glycolysis.
C)Krebs cycle.
D)gluconeogenesis.
E)cellular respiration.

Question 8

Which of these animals has a gastrointestinal tract?

A)sponge
B)hydra
C)flatworm
D)earthworm
E)salamander

Question 9

Which of these is not secreted by the pancreas?

A)bile
B)bicarbonate that neutralizes HCl
C)enzymes
D)hormones

Question 10

Because of the hepatic portal vein,the _____ is the first organ to receive most of the products of digestion.

A)liver
B)kidney
C)pancreas
D)gall bladder

Question 11

The epithelial wall of the small intestine is covered with tiny,finger-like projections called

A)ciliA.
B)flagella.
C)villi.
D)micovilli.
E)plexuses.

Question 12

The activities of the characteristic layered structure of the tubular gastrointestinal tract is regulated by nerves in certain regions located in the submucosa.These regions are called

A)serosA.
B)muscularis.
C)plexuses.
D)villi.
E)microvilli.

Question 13

Most digestion occurs in the first 25 centimeters of the 6-meter length of the small intestine called the

A)duodenum.
B)reticulum.
C)cecum.
D)omasum.
E)abomasum.

Question 14

The products of fat digestion in the small intestine are reassembled into triglycerides by the intestinal epithelium,before combining them with proteins to form ____________.

A)chylomicrons
B)chyme
C)vesicles
D)bile

Question 15

In addition to producing ________ that aids in digestion,the liver also regulates blood composition.

A)trypsin
B)glucagon
C)insulin
D)bile

Question 16

In horses,rodents,and lagomorphs,the digestion of cellulose by microorganisms takes place in the

A)duodenum.
B)reticulum.
C)cecum.
D)omasum.
E)abomasum.

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the components of the gastrointestinal tract?

A)mouth
B)larynx
C)esophagus
D)stomach
E)small intestine

Question 18

Saliva contains the hydrolytic enzyme,salivary amylase,which initiates the breakdown of the polysaccharide _________ into the disaccharide,maltose.

A)cellulose
B)sucrose
C)glucose
D)starch
E)fructose

Question 19

Which of the following is not a heterotroph based on the type of food consumed?

A)detritovore
B)herbivore
C)carnivore
D)omnivore
E)vegan

Question 20

Which of these does not aid in digestion?

A)accessory organs
B)neural stimulation
C)palpitations
D)endocrine secretions

Question 21

The pancreas is an important accessory organ of the digestive system because it adds to the small intestine all of the following substances except

A)lipase.
B)trypsin,chymotrypsin.
C)DNase,RNase.
D)pepsin.
E)bicarbonatE.

Question 22

The rhythmic contractions of the esophagus are called

A)esophageal contractions.
B)esophageal convulsions.
C)peristalsis.
D)heartburn sensations.
E)mastication.

Question 23

Which of the following small intestinal digestive products must be reassembled and coated with proteins and bile detergents before being absorbed into the lymphatic system?

A)amino acids and small polypeptides
B)fatty acids and monoglycerides
C)sugars
D)bile pigments and bile salts
E)vitamins and minerals

Question 24

The first organ to receive the products of digestion after absorption is the

A)duodenum.
B)pancreas.
C)liver.
D)gallbladder.
E)colon.

Question 25

The stomach produces all of the following except

A)HCl.
B)pepsinogen.
C)pepsin.
D)aciD.
E)bicarbonatE.

Question 26

The food molecules that are primarily altered in the stomach are

A)celluloses.
B)carbohydrates.
C)sugars.
D)proteins.
E)fats.

Question 27

The villi and microvilli on the surface of the small intestine

A)secrete bicarbonate.
B)enable the small intestine to stretch.
C)increase the absorptive surface.
D)produce bile salts.
E)help break the food into smaller particles.

Question 28

Excess blood glucose is removed by the liver to convert it into

A)cellulose.
B)maltose and other disaccharides.
C)starch.
D)glycogen.
E)all of thesE.

Question 29

Food moved to the back of the mouth by the tongue causes all of the following except

A)elevation of the palate to seal off the nasal cavity.
B)churning of the stomach contents.
C)folding of the epiglottis over the trachea.
D)pressure against the pharynx to initiate swallowing.
E)the swallowing center stimulates successive waves of contraction.

Question 30

Which of the following describes the sequential processes occurring in the stomach?
I-Peristaltic waves of contraction propel the food along the esophagus.
II-Gastric juices are secreted with the arrival of food into the duodenum.
III-The acidic chyme is transferred through the pyloric sphincter.
IV-HCl and pepsin begin digestion of proteins into shorter polypeptides.

A)IV,III,and II
B)II,III,and IV
C)I,II,and III
D)I,II,and IV
E)II,IV,and III

Question 31

Gizzards designed to grind food are found in

A)mammals.
B)insects.
C)birds.
D)marsupials.
E)monotrenes.

Question 32

The gallbladder secretes into the small intestine a fluid that can make the fat partially water soluble.It is called

A)chyme.
B)bile.
C)chylomicron.
D)emulsion.
E)lipoprotein.

Question 33

Bicarbonate that neutralizes stomach acid is produced by the

A)duodenum.
B)small intestine.
C)pancreas.
D)large intestine.
E)liver.

Question 34

Which of the following is not true about the large intestine?

A)only 4% of food absorption takes place in it
B)secretes water to make the feces semi-solid
C)contains three relatively straight segments with no villi
D)sodium,vitamin K,and other bacterial metabolic products absorbed across the wall
E)compacts and stores the undigested materials till excretion as feces

Question 35

Out of the estimated total of 9 liters of material passing through the small intestine how much of it is absorbed?

A)about 350 milliliters
B)about 3.5 liters
C)about 4.5 liters
D)about 7.5 liters
E)about 8.5 liters

Question 36

The chylomicrons are absorbed into the

A)blood capillaries.
B)lymphatic capillaries.
C)hepatic portal vein.
D)hepatic portal artery.
E)neck veins.

Question 37

All of the following teeth are found in adult vertebrates except

A)canines.
B)premolars.
C)molars.
D)precanines.
E)incisors.

Question 38

In humans,the surface area of the small intestine is

A)100 square meters.
B)200 square meters.
C)300 square meters.
D)400 square meters.
E)500 square meters.

Question 39

The triglycerides are combined with proteins in the small intestine to make them into water soluble particles which are called

A)chyme.
B)zymogens.
C)pepsin.
D)chylomicrons.
E)lipases.

Question 40

Since the hepatic portal vein empties into the liver,it is able to control the amounts of

A)alcohol and drugs.
B)toxins,pesticides,and carcinogens.
C)glucose.
D)glucose,alcohol,and drugs.
E)glucose,alcohol,drugs,toxins,pesticides,and carcinogens.

Question 41

In the diagram,which of the following processes causes the greatest insulin release?

A)II
B)III
C)I
D)both I and II equally
E)both II and III equally

Question 42

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the ingestion of two tablets of Rolaids?

A)The fluid in the stomach would begin reabsorbing.
B)The HCl production would decrease.
C)The pH of the stomach fluid would decrease.
D)The pH of the stomach fluid would increase.

Question 43

Select the mismatched vitamin and its deficiency symptom or disorder.

A)vitamin A-night blindness
B)vitamin B1-beriberi
C)vitamin C-scurvy
D)vitamin D-pernicious anemia
E)vitamin K-severe bleeding

Question 44

In the human digestive system,the stomach produces about 2 liters of HCl and other gastric secretions every day.The acid secretion of the stomach

A)is stimulated by the release of gastrin.
B)promotes a high pH.
C)inhibits pepsin activity.
D)begins the process of starch digestion.
E)stimulates the gallbladder to contract.

Question 45

The teeth of an adult human are arranged in the following fashion.(Note: The orientation is front and moving right along the bottom jaw. )

A)incisors,molars,canines,premolars
B)incisors,canines,molars,premolars
C)incisors,canines,premolars,molars
D)incisors,premolars,molars,canines
E)canines,incisors,premolars,molars

Question 46

A friend describes to you a choking event in her life.She says that "the food went down the wrong pipe." She meant that

A)some food went down her esophagus.
B)some food was stuck in her pharynx.
C)some food went down her trachea.
D)some food lodged in one of her salivary gland ducts.
E)some food was stuck in her esophagus.

Question 47

If one examined the various layers of the gastrointestinal tract of a vertebrate,they would encounter (going from outside the tract to inside of the tract)

A)the submucosa,the mucosa,the lumen,the plexuses,and the serosA.
B)the serosa,submucosa,and the mucosa.
C)the serosa,submucosa,and the lumen.
D)the mucosa,the plexuses,and the serosa.
E)the serosa,the mucosa,and the submucosa.

Question 48

From the list given below,which are the animals that practice coprophagy,a process in which feces are consumed to assure digestion by symbiotic organisms?
I-horses
II-rodents
III-rabbits and hares
IV-deer

A)I and II
B)III
C)I and IV
D)II
E)I,II,and III

Question 49

In what way are vitamins and essential amino acids similar to humans?

A)They are derived from the same precursor molecules.
B)Both are integral parts of enzymes.
C)They cannot be synthesized and must be ingested.
D)Both are needed to synthesize steroid hormones.
E)Both contain metal ions in the molecules.

Question 50

The human intestine is divided into three regions.Which choice presents the correct order beginning from the stomach?

A)pylorus,duodenum,ileum
B)duodenum,ileum,jejunum
C)pylorus,duodenum,jejunum
D)duodenum,ileum,pylorus
E)duodenum,jejunum,ileum

Question 51

If a person is diagnosed with lactose intolerance,which of the following is likely?

A)Eating fatty foods would be lethal.
B)Eating dairy foods would be lethal.
C)Digesting sugars is no longer possible.
D)Eating dairy products could cause gastrointestinal pain.
E)This person could only drink milk.

Question 52

According to the diagram,which one of the following processes would occur the most after eating a meal of french fries and ice cream?

A)II
B)I
C)III
D)II and III equally
E)I and II equally

Question 53

The secretion of pepsinogen and HCl is controlled by the hormone

A)gastrin.
B)pepsin.
C)insulin.
D)cholecystokinin.
E)secretin.

Question 54

Which of the following is not able to be absorbed across the stomach wall?

A)water
B)alcohol
C)aspirin
D)glucose

Question 55

Why is the stomach acidic?

A)to kill bacteria
B)to digest proteins
C)to hold water
D)to breakdown starch
E)to emulsify fats

Question 56

After not eating for 3 days,which of the following is likely to occur?

A)Insulin levels will be high.
B)Glycogen reserves will be high.
C)Glucagon levels will be high.
D)Blood glucose will be high.
E)The pancreas will become inactivE.

Question 57

Which of the following is not a secretion by the pancreas?

A)trypsin
B)chymotrypsin
C)duotrypsin
D)pancreatic amylase
E)lipase

Question 58

Which of the following does not have an "essential" component to it?

A)carbohydrates
B)amino acids
C)vitamins
D)fatty acids
E)minerals

Question 59

A person has his/her gall bladder removed.Which of the following is true?

A)The person would die without a gallbladder.
B)The person could now eat as much fat as desired and not absorb it.
C)The person could only eat small amounts of fat.
D)The person could only eat very small meals.
E)The person could only eat liquid meals.

Question 60

Why doesn't the stomach acid just digest right through the wall of the stomach?

A)It does,we just rebuild the layers faster than they can be digested.
B)Neutralizers are imbedded in the stomach lining.
C)The ph of the stomach acid is not low enough to be able to digest the lining.
D)Food prevents the acid from digesting the wall of the stomach.
E)The lining of the stomach is protected by mucus.

Question 61

Choose the letter of the best match of the vitamins with the following deficiency symptoms.
A.weakening of heart
B.inflammation and breakdown of skin
C.rickets
D.severe bleeding
E.scurvy
F.night blindness
G.pernicious anemia
Vitamin A

Question 62

Choose the letter of the best match of the vitamins with the following deficiency symptoms.
A.weakening of heart
B.inflammation and breakdown of skin
C.rickets
D.severe bleeding
E.scurvy
F.night blindness
G.pernicious anemia
Vitamin B₁

Question 63

Choose the letter of the best match of the vitamins with the following deficiency symptoms.
A.weakening of heart
B.inflammation and breakdown of skin
C.rickets
D.severe bleeding
E.scurvy
F.night blindness
G.pernicious anemia
Vitamin C

Question 64

Choose the letter of the best match of the vitamins with the following deficiency symptoms.
A.weakening of heart
B.inflammation and breakdown of skin
C.rickets
D.severe bleeding
E.scurvy
F.night blindness
G.pernicious anemia
Vitamin D

Question 65

Which digestive hormone stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate by the pancreas?

A)gastrin
B)cholycystokinin
C)gastric inhibitory peptide
D)secretin

Question 66

Choose the letter of the best match of the vitamins with the following deficiency symptoms.
A.weakening of heart
B.inflammation and breakdown of skin
C.rickets
D.severe bleeding
E.scurvy
F.night blindness
G.pernicious anemia
Vitamin B₂

Question 67

Choose the letter of the best match of the vitamins with the following deficiency symptoms.
A.weakening of heart
B.inflammation and breakdown of skin
C.rickets
D.severe bleeding
E.scurvy
F.night blindness
G.pernicious anemia
Vitamin B₁₂

Question 68

Which of the following stimulates hunger?

A)ghrelin
B)insulin
C)leptin
D)alpha-MSH
E)cholecystokinin

Question 69

Which digestive hormone stimulates gall bladder contraction?

A)gastrin
B)cholycystokinin
C)gastric inhibitory peptide
D)secretin

Question 70

Which digestive hormone stimulates the secretion of HCl?

A)gastrin
B)cholycystokinin
C)gastric inhibitory peptide
D)secretin

Question 71

Which digestive hormone inhibits stomach emptying?

A)gastrin
B)cholycystokinin
C)gastric inhibitory peptide
D)secretin

Question 72

Which of the following substances is not involved in appetite regulation?

A)insulin
B)leptin
C)tryptophan
D)ghrelin
E)neuropeptide Y

Question 73

Choose the letter of the best match of the vitamins with the following deficiency symptoms.
A.weakening of heart
B.inflammation and breakdown of skin
C.rickets
D.severe bleeding
E.scurvy
F.night blindness
G.pernicious anemia
Vitamin K