Deck 44: The Nervous System

Question 1

Nerve impulses travel along the long cellular extension of the neuron called the

A)axons.
B)cell bodies.
C)dendrites.
D)neurons.
E)synapses.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The junction between a neuron and another neuronal cell,muscle cell,or with a gland cell is called a(n)

A)axon.
B)cell body.
C)dendrite.
D)neuronal gap.
E)synapsE.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The neurotransmitter that is released from the motor neuron,and the one that functions at the neuromuscular junction is ... ,

A)acetylcholine.
B)GABA.
C)ephinephrine.
D)dopamine.
E)serotonin.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

All of the animal phyla listed have a network of nerve cells for gathering information from the environment except

A)sponges.
B)cnidaria.
C)platyhelminthes.
D)nematoda.
E)mollusca.

Question 5

In the brain,the _______ receive(s)sensory information from ascending nerve tracts and motor commands from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.

A)basal ganglia
B)pituitary gland
C)parietal lobe
D)thalamus
E)medula oblongata

Question 6

Action potentials are regenerated along an axon as one action potential serves as the

A)action potential stimulus for the next action potential.
B)excitatory postsynaptic potential stimulus for the next action potential.
C)saltatory conduction stimulus for the next action potential.
D)monosynaptic reflex stimulus for the next action potential.
E)depolarization stimulus for the next action potential.

Question 7

The central and peripheral nervous systems in the vertebrates is comprised of

A)axons.
B)cell bodies.
C)dendrites.
D)neurons.
E)synapses.

Question 8

In vertebrates,the ______ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

A)peripheral
B)central
C)somatic
D)autonomic
E)sympathetic

Question 9

__________ neural excitations are the electrical forms in which short-term memories are stored.

A)Peripheral
B)Sympathetic
C)Transient
D)Autonomic
E)Limbic

Question 10

The rapid inward diffusion of Na⁺ followed by the outward diffusion of K⁺ produces a rapid change in the membrane potential called a(n)

A)action potential.
B)excitatory postsynaptic potential.
C)saltatory conduction.
D)monosynaptic reflex.
E)depolarization.

Question 11

The spinal cord is enclosed and protected by the vertebral column and layers of membranes called

A)neural net.
B)white matter.
C)dorsal root.
D)meninges.
E)viscera.

Question 12

Damage to the specific regions of the basic ganglia can produce the resting tremor of muscles that is characteristic of people with

A)epilepsy.
B)Parkinson's disease.
C)seizures.
D)Alzheimer disease.
E)insomnia.

Question 13

The cytoplasmic extensions of a neuron are called

A)axons.
B)cell bodies.
C)dendrites.
D)neurons.
E)synapses.

Question 14

The parasympathetic effects of acetylcholine require the action of

A)G proteins.
B)GABA.
C)AMPAR.
D)habituation.
E)synaptic integration.

Question 15

The area of the cerebral hemisphere important for the interpretation and the formulation of thoughts into speech is called

A)Broca's areA.
B)the pons.
C)the medulla oblongata.
D)Wernicke's area.
E)the cerebellum.

Question 16

The nervous system that regulates activity in smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glands of the body is referred to as the _____________ system.

A)antagonistic
B)autonomic
C)sympathetic
D)parasympathetic
E)limbic

Question 17

A(n)_______________ diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft between the presynaptic axon and the postsynaptic cell to transmit a nerve impulse.

A)neurotransmitter
B)electrical impulse
C)Na⁺ ion
D)vesicle
E)action potential

Question 18

The hippocampus and amygdala are,together with the hypothalamus,the major components of the ______ system.

A)reticular-activating
B)reflex
C)parasympathetic
D)limbic
E)autonomic

Question 19

Impulses are conducted by myelinated axons by jumping from node to node in a process called a(n)

A)action potential.
B)excitatory postsynaptic potential.
C)saltatory conduction.
D)monosynaptic reflex.
E)depolarization.

Question 20

Acetylcholine stimulates the opening of chemically-regulated ion channels,causing a depolarization called a(n)

A)neuromuscular junction.
B)temporal summation.
C)inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP).
D)excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP).
E)synaptic integration.

Question 21

The membrane of a resting neuron is much more permeable to which of the following ion than any other ion?

A)Cl
B)Ca²⁺
C)Na⁺
D)K⁺
E)H⁺

Question 22

Which of the following characteristics are true for an action potential?
I-A threshold potential must be exceeded.
II-Each stimulus produces a full potential or none at all.
III-During the refractory period it is less likely that another action potential can be produced.

A)I only
B)I and II
C)II and III
D)I and III
E)I,II,and III

Question 23

In vertebrates more advanced than the fishes,the processing of information is increasingly centered in the

A)thalamus.
B)forebrain.
C)midbrain.
D)hindbrain.
E)medulla oblongata.

Question 24

Which of the following multicellular animals lack nerves?

A)sponges
B)cnidarians
C)platyhelminthes
D)arthropods
E)reptilians

Question 25

When nerve cells are not producing electrical responses,there is still a voltage difference across their membranes,termed the

A)channelgate bias.
B)electrolyte voltage.
C)equilibrium potential.
D)resting potential.
E)ion current.

Question 26

The effect of myelin and nodes of Ranvier is to make nerve impulses travel

A)away from as well as toward the cell body.
B)faster.
C)in many directions at once.
D)laterally from axon to axon.
E)slower.

Question 27

The process in which impulses jump from node to node is called

A)going through channels.
B)interrupted signals.
C)incomplete transfer.
D)repolarization.
E)saltatory conduction.

Question 28

At the vertebrate neuromuscular junction,correctly order the following reactions.
I-Muscle fiber membrane is depolarized.
II-Action potentials are generated in the neuron.
III-Stimulation of the entry of Ca²⁺ into the neuron.
IV-Release of acetylcholine into the synapse.

A)I,II,III,IV
B)III,II,IV,I
C)I,III,IV,II
D)IV,II,III,I
E)II,III,IV,I

Question 29

For each 3 Na⁺ ions pumped outward,the sodium-potassium pump takes in

A)3 Cl^-.
B)2 K⁺.
C)3 K⁺.
D)2 NaCl molecules.
E)3 water molecules.

Question 30

Biogenic amines include

A)epinephrine and norepinephrine.
B)dopamine and serotonin.
C)glycine and GABA.
D)epinephrine,norepinephrine,dopamine,serotonin,glycine,and GABA.
E)epinephrine,norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin.

Question 31

The major subdivisions of the CNS are paired with their function.Select the mismatched pairing.

A)Medulla oblongata-sensory nuclei
B)Pons-reticular activating system
C)Cerebellum-relay station for ascending sensory and descending tracts
D)Corpus callosum-connects the two brain hemispheres
E)Hippocampus-memory

Question 32

In early vertebrates,the principal component of the brain which is devoted largely to coordinating motor reflexes was the

A)thalamus.
B)forebrain.
C)midbrain.
D)hindbrain.
E)medulla oblongata.

Question 33

The electrical impulse travels outward from the cell body along a(n)

A)axon.
B)dendrite.
C)Ranvier cell.
D)Schwann cell.
E)synapsE.

Question 34

Which of the following is not part of the peripheral nervous system?

A)sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
B)spinal cord
C)parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
D)somatic nervous system
E)sensory pathways

Question 35

Nerve impulses are electrical signals produced by which of the following?

A)nodes of Ranvier
B)lipid sheath of Schwann cell
C)plasma membrane of neuron
D)synapse
E)neuromuscular junction

Question 36

The gap into which neurotransmitters are released by the arrival of an impulse is called a(n)

A)gap junction.
B)synaptic cleft.
C)postsynaptic membrane.
D)presynaptic membrane.
E)impulse channel.

Question 37

A shift in the membrane potential toward the positive direction and exceeding the threshold causes a(n)

A)resting potential.
B)equilibrium potential.
C)action potential.
D)ion current.
E)electrolyte bias.

Question 38

Place the following events involved in drug addiction,in sequence.
I-The synapse is less sensitive when the drug is removed,normal functioning can only ensue by continuing to take the drug.
II-CNS responds to increased firing by decreasing the number of receptors.
III-Drug molecule prevents reabsorption and causes overstimulation of post-synaptic membrane.

A)I,II,III
B)III,II,I
C)II,III,I
D)III,I,II

Question 39

The white matter of CNS is formed by

A)myelinated axons.
B)unmyelinated dendrites.
C)cell bodies.
D)unmylenated dendrites and cell bodies.
E)mylenated axons and cell bodies.

Question 40

Neurons are supported both structurally and functionally by supporting cells which include

A)dendrites and nodes of Ranvier.
B)neuroglia and nodes of Ranvier.
C)Schwann cells,oligodendrocytes.
D)dendrites,nodes of Ranvier,and neuroglia.
E)neuroglia,Schwann cells,and oligodendrocytes.

Question 41

The region of the brain that integrates visceral activities,body temperature,and heartbeat is the

A)medulla oblongatA.
B)cerebrum.
C)hypothalamus.
D)thalamus.
E)corpus callosum.

Question 42

The limbic system has all of the following features except

A)it contains hippocampus and amygdaliA.
B)it resides deep within the cerebrum.
C)it is responsible for emotional responses.
D)it is believed to be important in the formation and recall of memories.
E)it is part of the hypothalamus.

Question 43

Which of the following diagrams shows the correct distribution of ions in a resting cell? (Note: A larger font size indicates more of that particular ion. )

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 44

Contemporary vertebrate brains are composed of

A)rhombencephalon and prosencephalon.
B)mesencephalon and rhombencephalon.
C)prosencephalon and metencephalon.
D)metencephalon,rhombencephalon,and prosencephalon.
E)rhombencephalon,mesencephalon,and prosencephalon.

Question 45

In a typical cell,which of the following has the highest leakage?

A)Na⁺ leaks into the cell.
B)Na⁺ leaks out of the cell.
C)K⁺ leaks into the cell.
D)K⁺ leaks out of the cell.
E)Cl^- leaks into the cell.

Question 46

All of the following are true about the cerebral cortex except

A)it is a layer of densely packed nerve cells within the gray matter.
B)in humans,it accounts for roughly 10% of all of brain neurons.
C)in mammals,it is replaced by motor and sensory cortices.
D)it contains the associative cortex.
E)the associative cortex is the site of higher mental activities.

Question 47

The primary function of the hindbrain in vertebrates is

A)temperature control.
B)integration of sensory data.
C)memory storage.
D)control of the heartbeat.
E)coordination of motor reflexes.

Question 48

At the myelinated area of the axon (i.e. ,not at the node of Ranvier),which one of the following is true?

A)increased number of voltage-gated sodium channels
B)increased resistance across membrane
C)increased capacitance across membrane
D)increased transport of potassium across membrane

Question 49

The hindbrain consists of all of the following except the

A)pons and cerebellum.
B)medulla oblongata.
C)ascending tracts.
D)pons,cerebellum,and ascending tracts.
E)medulla oblongata and ascending tracts.

Question 50

During the resting membrane potential,when combining concentration and electrical gradients of K⁺,the overall effect is for K⁺ to ___________ the cell.

A)move into
B)leak out of
C)stay in equilibrium on both sides of
D)diffuse around inside of

Question 51

In typical cell,which of the following has the highest electrochemical potential for movement?

A)the electrochemical potential for Na⁺ to move into the cell
B)the electrochemical potential for Na⁺ to move out of the cell
C)the electrochemical potential for K⁺ to move into the cell
D)the electrochemical potential for K⁺ to move into the cell
E)the electrochemical potential for Cl^- to move into the cell

Question 52

The cerebrum consists of all of the following hemispheres except the

A)frontal.
B)parietal.
C)optiC.
D)temporal.
E)occipital.

Question 53

Which of the figures shows the correct mechanism for the sodium-potassium pump?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 54

Correlation,association,and learning occur in the

A)cerebellum.
B)corpus striatum.
C)medulla.
D)cerebrum.
E)pons.

Question 55

The autonomic nervous system regulates the activity of all of the following except

A)skeletal muscles.
B)cardiac muscles.
C)glands of the body.
D)smooth muscles.
E)none of these

Question 56

When comparing the outside to the inside of a typical living cell,which ion is the closest to electrochemical equilibrium?

A)Cl^-
B)Na⁺
C)K⁺
D)Ca²⁺

Question 57

The postganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic system releases which neurotransmitter?

A)acetylcholine
B)norepinephrine
C)glutamate
D)GABA
E)glycine

Question 58

What determines the direction of membrane voltage change on the postsynaptic membrane?

A)the type of neurotransmitter
B)whether the receptor uses a second messenger system or not
C)the main ion traveling through the opened channel
D)the number of channels on the postsynaptic membrane

Question 59

The main ion channel responsible for the action potential is

A)the voltage-gated sodium channel.
B)the voltage-gated potassium channel.
C)the ligand-gated sodium channel.
D)the ligand-gated potassium channel.
E)the non-gated sodium channel.

Question 60

The site of primary sensory integration in the brain is called the

A)medulla oblongatA.
B)cerebrum.
C)cerebellum.
D)thalamus.
E)corpus callosum.

Question 61

You encounter a person on the street talking to you with clear English words but they are not put together in coherent sentences.What is the likely explanation for this?

A)damage to the hippocampus
B)damage to the amygdala
C)damage to Wernike's area
D)damage to the basal ganglia
E)damage to Broca's area

Question 62

Acetylcholine is added to the paravertebral ganglia in the sympathetic ganglion chain in the upper thoracic area.Which one of the following actions occurs?

A)heart rate goes up
B)adrenaline get secreted from adrenal glands
C)gut motility increases
D)urinary bladder relaxes
E)saliva secretion increases

Question 63

In the diagram,which arrow best represents the point in time where the voltage-gated sodium channels are inactivated?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 64

Which of the following drugs has been discovered to bind to acetylcholine receptors?

A)serotonin reuptake inhibitors
B)thorazine
C)cocaine
D)codeine
E)nicotine

Question 65

In the diagram,which arrow best represents the point in time where the permeability of the axon to sodium is the highest?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E