Deck 43: The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

Question 1

Mammalian thermoregulation depends on monitoring of blood temperature by the

A)hypothalamus.
B)peripheral blood vessels.
C)adrenal medulla.
D)anterior pituitary glanD.
E)thyroid.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not one of the principal kinds of tissues in vertebrates?

A)connective
B)epithelial
C)cartilage
D)muscle
E)nerve

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In adult vertebrates,which of these is not one of the four principle kinds of primary tissues?

A)epithelial
B)connective
C)supportive
D)muscle
E)nerve

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following would not provide protection to the epidermis?

A)keratinized epithelium
B)simple squamous epithelium
C)stratified squamous epithelium
D)layers of dead squamous cells

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the levels of organization in the vertebrate body?

A)cells
B)bones
C)tissues
D)organs
E)organ systems

Question 6

All connective tissues share which of the following structural features?
I-contain cells
II-contain a matrix filled with extracellular material
III-contain sarcomere units

A)I and III
B)just II
C)II and III
D)I,II,and II
E)I and II

Question 7

Which of the following are the fundamental embryonic tissues called the "germ layers"?

A)tissues,organs,and organ systems
B)mesoderm,muscle,and tissue
C)ectoderm,endoderm,and exoskeleton
D)mesoderm,endoderm,and ectoderm
E)mesoderm,exoderm,and hydroderm

Question 8

Epithelial cells with a flattened,irregular shape and tapered edges are known as ____________ cells.

A)columnar
B)protoderm
C)squamous
D)stratified
E)tile

Question 9

Bone cells can remain alive even though the extracellular matrix becomes hardened with crystals of calcium phosphate.This type of cell is also called a(n)

A)osteocyte.
B)erythrocyte.
C)leukocyte.
D)fibrocyte.
E)chrondrocytE.

Question 10

Epithelial tissues perform all of the following functions except they

A)produce glands that secrete materials.
B)protect from dehydration or mechanical damage.
C)provide a selectively permeable barrier.
D)provide a structural framework for other tissues.
E)provide sensory surfaces.

Question 11

Which of these is not part of loose connective tissue?

A)collagen
B)elastin
C)reticulin
D)chondroitin
E)adipose cells

Question 12

Homeostasis is maintained using negative feedback loops.Changing conditions are detected in which of part of a negative feedback loop?

A)response
B)effector
C)sensor
D)integrating center
E)stimulus

Question 13

The glands of vertebrates are derived from ____________ epithelium.

A)invaginated
B)simple stratified
C)stratified squamous
D)simple columnar
E)squamous keratinized

Question 14

Which of the following epithelial tissues would be likely found in the kidney tubules?

A)cuboidal
B)squamous
C)cuboidal and squamous
D)columnar
E)pseudostratified columnar

Question 15

In humans,which of these structures is not made of cartilage?

A)tip of the nose
B)outer ear
C)intervertebral disks of the backbone
D)knee cap
E)larynx

Question 16

If the connection between the gland and the epithelial membrane is maintained as a duct,the gland is called a(n)___________ gland.

A)exocrine
B)endocrine
C)lymph
D)gonadal
E)muscular

Question 17

Which of these methods of heat transfer is not relevant to biological systems?

A)radiation
B)conduction
C)convection
D)evaporation
E)reflection

Question 18

For most enzymes,the Q₁₀ value is around

A)0.2.
B)2.
C)5.
D)10.
E)20.

Question 19

Animals that allow their body temperature to conform to the environment are termed

A)heterotherms.
B)homeotherms.
C)isotherms.
D)poikilotherms.
E)endotherms.

Question 20

Which of these neuron structures is usually the longest?

A)cell body
B)dendrite
C)axon

Question 21

Epithelial membranes are not very thick because

A)epithelial tissues cannot support other cells growing on top of the tissue.
B)epithelial tissues are nourished by blood vessels in adjacent tissues,thus diffusion is limited to thin tissues.
C)epithelial tissues can only reach a certain level of thickness because of their pre-programmed cell growth.
D)epithelial tissues that are much greater than a few cell layers in thickness collapse because of drying conditions caused by the environment.
E)epithelial tissues are not able to grow past several cell layers because of an interrupted cell cycle which occurs after several complete cell cycles.

Question 22

In mammals and some reptiles,the coelom is divided into two cavities.These cavities are called the

A)thoracic cavity and the peritoneal cavity.
B)thoracic and the pleural cavities.
C)thoracic and the cardiac cavities.
D)peritoneal and the pleural cavities.
E)peritoneal and the cardiac cavities.

Question 23

Which muscle contraction is involuntary?

A)cardiac
B)smooth
C)cardiac and smooth
D)skeletal
E)cardiac,smooth,and skeletal

Question 24

Which of the following epithelial tissues secretes mucous and is dense with cilia?

A)cuboidal
B)squamous
C)cuboidal and squamous
D)columnar
E)pseudostratified columnar

Question 25

The nucleus of a neuron is contained in the

A)axon branches.
B)companion cell.
C)cell body.
D)dendrites.
E)myelin sheath.

Question 26

The cells that are specialized to produce and conduct electrochemical impulses are called

A)neurons.
B)dendrites.
C)axons.
D)fibroblasts.
E)epithelial cells.

Question 27

Which of the muscle types have intercellular connections which allow coordinated contractions between them?

A)just cardiac muscle
B)just smooth muscle
C)cardiac and smooth muscle
D)cardiac and skeletal muscle
E)cardiac,smooth,and skeletal muscle

Question 28

Bone cells are called

A)dendrites.
B)erythrocytes.
C)chondrocytes.
D)osteocytes.
E)fibroblasts.

Question 29

Which of the following systems are not directly involved in communication and integration sense and respond to the environment?

A)the nervous system
B)the immune system
C)the sensory system
D)the endocrine system

Question 30

Which of the following is considered a similarity between all connective tissues?

A)all originate as embryonic mesoderm
B)all contain abundant organic extracellular matrix
C)all contain inorganic matrix
D)all contain mast cells

Question 31

If the set point of the hypothalamus were to suddenly rise to 40 ^$\circ$ C (as in the induction phase of a fever),what would the initial response of the body be?

A)glands release sweat
B)muscles contract,shiver
C)nothing
D)body temperature drops
E)blood vessels dilate

Question 32

Which of the following systems is most likely to function as a defense system?

A)the integumentary system
B)the musculoskeletal system
C)the endocrine system
D)the sensory system
E)the nervous system

Question 33

In vertebrates,locomotion results from the contraction of muscles anchored to

A)bones.
B)an exoskeleton.
C)each other.
D)nerves.
E)the plasma membranE.

Question 34

All of the following statements about bone and its structure are correct except

A)bone is an organic extracellular matrix of collagen fibers and calcium phosphate crystals.
B)bone tissue is not living since it contains calcium phosphate crystals.
C)bone tissue is a special form of connective tissue.
D)bone tissue serves as a reservoir for calcium and phosphate ions.
E)bone marrow is a site for blood cell formations.

Question 35

Which connective tissue has a matrix that is fluid?

A)bone
B)blood
C)cartilage
D)dense connective tissue
E)loose connective tissue

Question 36

The characteristic that makes the muscle cells unique is the relative abundance and organization of

A)collagen fibers.
B)gelatinous mass.
C)actin and myosin fibers.
D)keratin fibers.
E)fibroblast cells.

Question 37

The muscles that are attached to the bones by tendons,and when they contract cause the bones to move at their joints,are called

A)smooth muscles.
B)skeletal muscles.
C)cardiac muscles.
D)cartilage tissues.
E)adipose tissues.

Question 38

Which of the following systems are not directly involved with regulation and maintenance of the body's chemistry?

A)the digestive system
B)the circulatory system
C)the respiratory system
D)the urinary system
E)the endocrine system

Question 39

The tissue type that produces tough coverings that package organs is

A)loose connective tissue.
B)dense irregular connective tissue.
C)collagen.
D)dense regular connective tissue.
E)adiposE.

Question 40

Which of the following are also known as striated muscles?

A)skeletal and smooth
B)just cardiac
C)just skeletal
D)skeletal and cardiac
E)skeletal,smooth,and cardiac

Question 41

Choose the letter of the best match from the following definitions of positive feedback to their proper examples in child birth.
A.oxytocin causes increased uterine contractions
B.pituitary gland secretes oxytocin
C.fetus pushed against uterine opening
D.receptors in uterus detect stretch
E.brain receives and compares stretch information
Effector

Question 42

A friend asks you to explain the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands.She understands that both types of glands are formed from invaginated epithelium.Which response would you use?

A)Exocrine and endocrine glands are essentially the same,both produce products that are secreted to the skin's surface.
B)Exocrine glands produce hormones which enter the blood stream,while endocrine glands secrete sweat and oil directly to the surface of the skin.
C)Endocrine glands produce hormones which enter the blood stream,while exocrine glands secrete sweat and oil directly to the surface of the skin.
D)Exocrine glands are found in the thoracic cavity while endocrine glands are located in the pleural cavity.
E)An example to explain the difference would be that salivary glands,the liver and pancreas are endocrine glands that secrete directly into the epithelial tissues.All others are exocrine glands that secrete into the blood stream.

Question 43

Cartilage is composed of

A)glycoproteins and calcium phosphate.
B)glycoproteins and collagen fibers.
C)collagen fibers and osteocytes.
D)osteocytes and glycoproteins.
E)osteocytes and calcium phosphatE.

Question 44

Which of these is not a method used by ectothermic vertebrates to affect body temperature?

A)countercurrent heat exchange
B)basking in the sun
C)changing heart rate
D)dilation or contraction of blood vessels
E)increasing metabolic rate

Question 45

The type of cells that line the lungs and blood vessels are

A)simple squamous epithelium.
B)simple cuboidal epithelium.
C)simple columnar epithelium.
D)stratified squamous epithelium.
E)keratinized squamous epithelium.

Question 46

Choose the letter of the best match from the following definitions of positive feedback to their proper examples in child birth.
A.oxytocin causes increased uterine contractions
B.pituitary gland secretes oxytocin
C.fetus pushed against uterine opening
D.receptors in uterus detect stretch
E.brain receives and compares stretch information
Integrating Center

Question 47

Your professor asks you to explain the difference between a tendon and a cartilage.Which choice will you use as your answer?

A)Tendons secure muscles to muscles and ligaments secure bones to other bones.
B)Both tendons and ligaments essentially have the same function,it just depends on what area of the body that is being referenced.
C)Tendons secure muscles to bones and ligaments secure muscles to other muscles.
D)Tendons are just enlarged ligaments.
E)Tendons secure muscles to bones and ligaments secure bones to other bones.

Question 48

Which of these animals has the highest metabolic rate per unit body mass?

A)shrew
B)mouse
C)cat
D)human
E)elephant

Question 49

Choose the letter of the best match from the following definitions of positive feedback to their proper examples in child birth.
A.oxytocin causes increased uterine contractions
B.pituitary gland secretes oxytocin
C.fetus pushed against uterine opening
D.receptors in uterus detect stretch
E.brain receives and compares stretch information
Response

Question 50

Choose the letter of the best match from the following definitions of positive feedback to their proper examples in child birth.
A.oxytocin causes increased uterine contractions
B.pituitary gland secretes oxytocin
C.fetus pushed against uterine opening
D.receptors in uterus detect stretch
E.brain receives and compares stretch information
Stimulus

Question 51

Which of these factors would have the least effect on heat transfer processes in animals?

A)surface area of the body
B)difference between body temperature and ambient temperature
C)internal insulation such as blubber
D)external insulation such as feathers or fur
E)bone density

Question 52

Myelin sheaths are found along

A)axons.
B)dendrites.
C)neuroglias.
D)cell bodies.
E)ganglia.

Question 53

Loose connective tissues contain all of the following types of cells or fibers except

A)macrophages.
B)mast cells.
C)adipose cells.
D)collagen fibers.
E)chondrocytes.

Question 54

Which of these thermoregulation processes can be sustained for the longest period of time?

A)shivering
B)torpor
C)nonshivering thermogenesis
D)hibernation
E)fever