Deck 36: Plant Form

Question 1

Primary growth in plants originates in

A)apical meristems.
B)lateral meristems.
C)vascular cambium.
D)cork cambium.
E)tracheids.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of phloem?

A)It contains elongated conducting cells.
B)It is the main tissue that conduct waters in most plants.
C)It contains two types of cells,sieve cells and sieve tube members.
D)Some of its cells lack a nucleus at maturity.
E)Some of its cells contain clusters of pores.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

______________ consist(s)of elongated supporting cells with unevenly thickened cells walls,usually located in strands beneath the epidermis.

A)Collenchyma
B)Parenchyma
C)Sclerenchyma
D)Sieve elements
E)Tracheary elements

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not true about sclerenchyma?

A)These cells have thick,tough secondary walls.
B)They may lack living protoplasts when mature.
C)These cells are mainly to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the leaf.
D)Their secondary walls may be impregnated with lignin.
E)Two examples are fibers and sclereids.

Question 5

What is a distinctive characteristic of monocot stems compared to dicot ones?

A)The ground tissue is arranged in concentric rings.
B)The vascular cambium is divided into segments.
C)The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.
D)The xylem and phloem are located in separate vascular bundles.
E)The epidermis surrounds the ground tissuE.

Question 6

Water is conducted through a plant most rapidly through

A)parenchyma cells.
B)sclerenchyma cells.
C)sieve tubes.
D)vessel members.
E)phloem.

Question 7

The slender stalk that connects the flattened leaf blade to the stem in most dicots is the

A)meristem.
B)petiole.
C)stele.
D)receptacle.
E)vein.

Question 8

In plants with only primary growth,the epidermis is not

A)one cell thick.
B)the outer protective coating of the plant.
C)produced by the protoderm.
D)covered by a waxy layer that constitutes the cuticle.
E)covered with bark.

Question 9

Which of the following is not true about meristems?

A)They can be apical or lateral.
B)Meristematic cells divide into two cells,one of which remains a meristem cell and another that becomes a plant body cell.
C)Apical meristems give rise to three types of embryonic tissues.
D)Meristematic cells fuse with other cells.
E)They are responsible for primary and secondary growth.

Question 10

The tissue layers in the middle of a leaf,between the upper and lower epidermis,are called the

A)mesophyll tissue.
B)ground tissue.
C)protoderm tissue.
D)parenchyma.
E)collenchyma.

Question 11

Cell division in the apical meristems at the tips of a plant that results in increases in height or length is called

A)primary growth.
B)secondary growth.
C)vascular cambium growth.
D)mitotic growth.
E)herbaceous growth.

Question 12

The WEREWOLF gene (WER)helps to determine the differentiation of what cell types?

A)the xylem and phloem in the vascular bundles
B)fibers in the outer portions of the stem
C)root epidermal cells with and without root hairs
D)various layers of ground tissue in the root
E)formation of trichome hairs on leaves

Question 13

Primary growth at the apical meristems can produce cells that differentiate into each of these cell types except

A)leaves.
B)ground tissue.
C)procambium.
D)cork cambium.
E)epidermis.

Question 14

Which of the following cell types is not designed for transport?

A)sclerenchyma
B)xylem vessel members
C)sieve tube members
D)tracheids
E)sieve cells

Question 15

Plant cells that give rise to two cells,one of which is free to differentiate into various kinds of cells that contribute to the plant body,are called

A)endodermal cells.
B)primary cells.
C)lateral cells.
D)parenchyma cells.
E)meristematic cells.

Question 16

Which type of stem does not produce a cork cambium?

A)woody stems
B)secondary stems
C)second year growth stems
D)specialized climbing stems
E)monocot stems

Question 17

Secondary growth of plants results from cell division in which type of meristem?

A)intercalary meristem
B)lateral meristem
C)primary meristem
D)secondary meristem
E)stele meristem

Question 18

Parenchyma,collenchyma,and sclerenchyma are all types of cells in the

A)meristem tissue.
B)ground tissue.
C)vascular cambium tissue.
D)cork cambium tissue.
E)epidermal tissuE.

Question 19

Xylem tissue may contain each of these cell types except

A)vessel members.
B)tracheids.
C)sieve cells.
D)fibers.
E)rays.

Question 20

Which of the following cell types is most efficient at conducting water horizontally in woody tissues?

A)rays
B)tracheids
C)vessel elements
D)fibers
E)sieve tubes

Question 21

What is the function of the Casparian strip in the root?

A)It protects the surface of the root but allows water to be absorbed.
B)It allows for horizontal transport of water and nutrients.
C)It is the portion of the root that contains numerous root hairs.
D)It is an internal water-proofed layer that prevents water and minerals from moving through intercellular spaces on their way to the vascular tissue.
E)It seals the surface of roots that have been damaged.

Question 22

Compound leaves

A)have two or more petioles per blade.
B)have a blade divided into leaflets.
C)are toothed at the edges.
D)are alternately arrangeD.
E)have palmate venation.

Question 23

Which of the following statements correctly describes the vascular cambium?

A)It develops between the primary xylem and the primary phloem in dicots.
B)It occurs only in monocot stems.
C)It is important in the elongation of roots.
D)It is formed by the ground meristem.
E)It is responsible for all cell types that result from primary growth.

Question 24

Your cousin told you a rather scary story about a night spent in a cornfield.He claims that there were popping noises around him all night.You say,"Oh,I can explain what you heard.Those popping noises were

A)the apical meristems cells in the corn stalks elongating."
B)the developing of the kernels of corn on the ears of the corn stalks."
C)the expansion of the lateral meristems increasing the girth of the corn stalk."
D)the growth of the intercalary meristem inside the corn stalk."
E)the development of the tassels on top of the corn stalk."

Question 25

The periderm does not include

A)cork cells.
B)cork cambium.
C)phelloderm.
D)vascular cambium.
E)bark.

Question 26

You are eating a stalk of celery.As you bite into the celery,you notice strings hanging down from the end.These strings are

A)parenchyma tissue.
B)phloem tissue.
C)sclerenchyma tissue.
D)collenchyma tissue.
E)xylem tissuE.

Question 27

Axillary buds are produced

A)at the tip of a stem.
B)in roots.
C)in the angle between a petiole and a stem.
D)by lateral meristems.
E)in the cork cambium.

Question 28

Which statement concerning root hairs is not correct?

A)Root hairs are tubular extensions of individual epidermal cells.
B)A root hair is isolated from its epidermal cell with a cross wall.
C)Root hairs generally live only a few days before being sloughed off.
D)Root hairs increase the absorption of water and minerals.
E)Root hairs are located in the zone of maturation of a root.

Question 29

Which of the following is not a modified stem?

A)rhizome
B)tendril
C)tuber
D)corm
E)spine

Question 30

A friend who is not a biologist tells you that she grows irises from iris roots.You explain to her that the "root" she is planting is not a root,but instead is called a rhizome."Why?" she asked.You explain.

A)"A root grows vertically,not horizontally."
B)"A rhizome has nodes and internodes and is really a modified stem that can exist underground."
C)"A root stores nutrients,rhizomes are underground stems that do not store nutrients."
D)"A rhizome,although a modified stem,acts as a root does.In other words a rhizome is a stem-root combination."
E)"A rhizome is a modified root that is able to grow leaves."

Question 31

If you examined a cross section of a woody stem under the microscope and located the vascular cambium,everything inside of the vascular cambium ring (towards the center of the stem)would be

A)xylem (primary and secondary).
B)xylem (only primary).
C)phloem (primary and secondary).
D)phloem (only secondary).
E)phelloderm.

Question 32

Of the following structures,which one is not a specialized cell of the epidermis?

A)guard cells
B)trichomes
C)sclereids
D)root hairs
E)oil glands

Question 33

In certain plants,some of the roots may be modified to carry out unusual functions.Which of these is not an example of one of these special functions?

A)help absorb oxygen
B)store food or water
C)carry out photosynthesis
D)parasitize other plants
E)discourage herbivores

Question 34

Various modifications in leaves can make plants better adapted to their habitats.Which of the following is not an evolutionary modification of leaves?

A)floral leaves
B)fruit-bearing leaves
C)spines
D)reproductive leaves
E)insectivorous leaves

Question 35

The most distinctive characteristic of leaf mesophyll cells is that they are filled with

A)central vacuoles.
B)many chloroplasts.
C)oxygen bubbles.
D)veins.
E)stomata.

Question 36

The name of the cambium that ultimately gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem is the

A)vascular cambium.
B)cork cambium.
C)cortex cambium.
D)secondary cambium.
E)primary cambium.

Question 37

Root hairs grow actively in which area of the developing roots?

A)root cap
B)zone of maturation
C)zone of elongation
D)zone of cell division
E)endodermis

Question 38

Which statement about secondary growth in plants is not correct?

A)Secondary growth in plants is a result of lateral meristems.Trees and shrubs have active lateral meristems.
B)Secondary growth in plants increases the girth (diameter)of woody plants.
C)Secondary growth in woody plants results because there are two cylinders of actively dividing cells.The cylinders are cork cambium and vascular cambium.
D)The cork cambium produces secondary phloem while the vascular cambium produces secondary xylem.
E)Only some plants have secondary growth.

Question 39

Annual rings in a tree trunk result from

A)deposition of colored materials in the oldest cells.
B)the variation in cell size due to different growth conditions throughout a year.
C)the alternation of xylem and phloem produced in one year.
D)the kinds of cells,parenchyma or sclerenchyma,produced by the cambium.
E)the proportion of wood cells and cork cells in the xylem.

Question 40

A birdhouse is nailed into a tree 6 feet up from the ground.If the tree grows about 2 feet taller each year,where will the birdhouse be 25 years later?

A)50 feet
B)56 feet
C)26 feet
D)6 feet
E)4 feet

Question 41

Which of these is not a possible function of trichomes?

A)reflect light from leaf surfaces
B)store or secrete salt
C)defend against insects
D)structural support
E)irritate potential herbivores

Question 42

You go to a fancy restaurant and ask for some petioles on your salad.What does the waiter bring you?

A)carrots
B)brussel sprouts
C)lettuce
D)celery
E)chives

Question 43

A major distinguishing feature between monocot and eudicot stems is the organization of the ____________ system.

A)plant
B)conducting
C)vascular tissue
D)secondary
E)ground

Question 44

In an experiment,some herbaceous,nonwoody plants were exposed to frequent windy conditions or mechanical shaking for several hours per day.The flexibility of these plants was due to the _____________ cells.

A)parenchyma
B)aerenchyma
C)periderm
D)collenchyma
E)sclerenchyma

Question 45

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.protoderm
B.vascular cambium
C.apical meristem
D.procambium
E.ground meristem
Lateral meristem that contributes to the increase in thickness of a stem or root.

Question 46

In leaves where the blade is divided into leaflets,if the leaflets are arranged in pairs along a common axis,they are classified as

A)palmately compound.
B)pinnately compound.
C)alternately arranged.
D)oppositely arrangeD.
E)midrib arranged.

Question 47

Which of these is not a function of the root cap?

A)gravity perception
B)rapid cell division
C)protects the root tip
D)helps push away soil particles as the root grows
E)releases a slimy lubricant fluid

Question 48

In the annual rings of woody trees,how does the xylem of the Spring and Summer wood compare to the fall and winter wood?

A)It is more dense.
B)It has smaller vessels.
C)The cell walls are thicker.
D)It is younger.
E)The vessel diameters are larger.

Question 49

The waterproof cuticle covering the epidermis of land plants helps prevent dehydration,much like the skin of some land animals.As a consequence,what other evolutionary adaptation was important for most land plants?

A)the endodermis in the root
B)root hairs on the root epidermis
C)collenchyma fibers just beneath the surface of the epidermis
D)stomates in the leaves
E)trichomes on leaf surfaces

Question 50

In the vascular bundles of most dicot stems,primary phloem differentiates toward the ________ while primary xylem differentiates toward the _________.

A)middle;outside
B)cork cambium;vascular cambium
C)outside;middle
D)shoot tip;roots
E)middle;middle

Question 51

Functional secondary phloem

A)includes live companion cells and dead sieve cells.
B)encompasses more stem volume than secondary xylem.
C)primarily stores carbohydrates.
D)is part of the inner bark.
E)is produced by the cork cambium.

Question 52

How could you distinguish between a root hair versus a very small root?

A)Root hairs are white,roots are brown.
B)Root hairs are single cells,roots are multicellular.
C)Root hairs only absorb water,not nutrients like roots.
D)Root hairs do not have a cuticle.
E)The epidermis of a root hair is thinner than the epidermis of a root.

Question 53

Perforation plates can be found in

A)sieve cells.
B)tracheids.
C)sieve tube members.
D)vessel members.
E)companion cells.

Question 54

Which cells are characterized by thin cell walls,the largest vacuoles,and the least specialization?

A)epidermis
B)collenchyma
C)sclerenchyma
D)parenchyma
E)meristem

Question 55

Primary xylem and phloem are produced by the

A)procambium.
B)protoderm.
C)leaf primordial.
D)ground meristem.
E)proembryo.

Question 56

The pattern of leaf arrangement on a stem is called

A)protodermis.
B)phyllotaxy.
C)nodular termini.
D)meristematic spacing.
E)axillary arrangement.

Question 57

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.protoderm
B.vascular cambium
C.apical meristem
D.procambium
E.ground meristem
Ultimate source of all cells that contribute to growth in length of stem or root.

Question 58

Linen is woven from strands of sclerenchyma _______ that occur in the phloem of flax (Linum spp. ).

A)tracheid
B)sieve
C)sclerid
D)collenchyma
E)fiber

Question 59

Which of these might produce the longest cells?

A)tracheids
B)sieve cells
C)vessel members
D)sclerenchyma
E)root hairs

Question 60

Which of these can found in oak wood but not in pine wood?

A)secondary xylem
B)secondary phloem
C)vessel members
D)tracheids
E)ray cells

Question 61

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.protoderm
B.vascular cambium
C.apical meristem
D.procambium
E.ground meristem
Produces parenchyma,collenchyma,and sclerenchyma cells.

Question 62

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.protoderm
B.vascular cambium
C.apical meristem
D.procambium
E.ground meristem
Source of cells that differentiate into primary vascular tissues.

Question 63

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.protoderm
B.vascular cambium
C.apical meristem
D.procambium
E.ground meristem
The three primary meristems are the _____________,which forms the epidermis;the procambium,which produces primary vascular tissues (primary xylem and primary phloem);and the ground meristem,which differentiates further into ground tissue.