Deck 35: Vertebrates

Question 1

Which one of the following is not true about tunicates?

A)Adult forms are sessile and filter feeding.
B)Adult forms secrete a tunic composed mainly of cellulose.
C)Adult forms are not segmented.
D)Larval forms show all chordate characteristics.
E)Larval forms feed actively.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The mucous sheet produced by the endostyle traps the microscopic food particles in the water.This sheet is located in the pharynx of what animal?

A)arrow worm
B)tunicate
C)acorn worm
D)lancelet
E)crinoid

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Apes,humans,and their direct ancestors make up the group called _______.

Answer 3

primates

Question 4

The first hominids to evolve were _______.

Question 5

The most diverse and successful vertebrate group,the ______,provided the base for invasion of land by the amphibians.

Question 6

Of the species of humans that have evolved,Homo _______ has been the most successful,lasting for nearly a million years and spreading out of Africa across Europe and Asia.

Question 7

Most bony fishes have a hard plate that covers the gills on each side of the head called the

A)radulA.
B)pharyngeal slits.
C)lateral lines.
D)operculum.
E)gill arches.

Question 8

In addition to a vertebral column,all vertebrates have

A)a distinctive head or skull.
B)an open circulatory system.
C)gills.
D)scales.
E)a tunic.

Question 9

One of the most critical adaptations of the reptiles in relation to their life on land is the evolution of the

A)amniotic egg.
B)allantois egg.
C)chorionic egg.
D)diploid egg.
E)swim bladder.

Question 10

Which of the following is considered the key innovation that started chordates along the evolutionary path that led to vertebrates?

A)a flexible rod to which muscles are attached which allowed moving their backs laterally
B)an internal endoskeleton development
C)a skin covering the entire body to prevent desiccation
D)a hard shell encasing the body
E)amniotic egg

Question 11

Small,fishlike marine chordates,pointed at both ends with no distinguishable head,in which the notochord runs the entire length of the nerve cord,are called

A)arrow worms.
B)tunicates.
C)acorn worms.
D)lancelets.
E)lampreys.

Question 12

The four living orders of the vertebrate class _______ include the turtles,tuataras,lizards and snakes,and crocodiles.

Question 13

Birds,like mammals,can regulate their body temperatures within close limits.Therefore birds and mammals are called

A)ectothermic.
B)poikilothermic.
C)endothermiC.
D)heterothermic.
E)warm-blooded.

Question 14

The only vertebrate class that possesses hair and milk glands is _______.

Question 15

An animal with a single hollow nerve cord,a flexible rod on the dorsal side of the primitive gut,and pharyngeal slits is a(n)________.

Question 16

Chordates have all the following characteristics at some time in their lives except

A)a nerve cord.
B)a notochord.
C)pharyngeal slits.
D)a postanal tail.
E)an endostylE.

Question 17

The material of which the skeleton of Chondrichthyes is composed is _______.

Question 18

The vertebrate class closely related to reptiles,but with feathers is _______.

Question 19

Early species of _____,the genus of the oldest members of humans,had a distinctly larger brain than australopithecines and most likely used tools.

Question 20

The chordates include all of the following except

A)Amphioxus.
B)echinoderms.
C)mammals.
D)birds.
E)amphibians.

Question 21

It is generally accepted that the vertebrates that evolved during the early Devonian period are the

A)sharks and bony fish.
B)hominoids.
C)birds.
D)dinosaurs.
E)mammals.

Question 22

Which of the following living reptiles care for their young and have a four-chambered heart,as birds do?

A)turtles
B)crocodiles
C)lizards
D)snakes
E)tuataras

Question 23

Monotremes differ from the other mammals in their

A)laying of shelled eggs.
B)milk-producing glands.
C)fur.
D)carnivorous nature.
E)containing a pouch for young to livE.

Question 24

The only mammals that fly at night to obtain insect food or fruit to eat and navigate by sonar are

A)marsupials.
B)bats.
C)monotremes.
D)moles.
E)birds.

Question 25

Amphibians are thought to have evolved from

A)ray-finned fish.
B)lobe-finned fish.
C)spiny fish.
D)skates and rays.
E)annelids.

Question 26

All living reptiles are

A)cold-blooded.
B)ectothermic.
C)endothermiC.
D)poikilothermic.
E)thermostatic.

Question 27

The most successful terrestrial vertebrates that invaded the air are

A)insects.
B)pterosaurs.
C)birds.
D)bats.
E)flying monkeys.

Question 28

Amphibians are not completely free to live on dry land because

A)their ancestors were fish.
B)their food organisms live in water.
C)their reproduction depends on water.
D)they can escape from predators by jumping into the water.
E)they obtain oxygen from water through gills.

Question 29

Which of the following is not one of the membranes of the reptilian amniotic egg?

A)ectoderm
B)chorion
C)amnion
D)yolk sac
E)allantois

Question 30

Which one of the following is characteristic of all mammals and not of any other living vertebrates?

A)hair
B)maternal care
C)a four chambered heart with pulmonary circuit
D)endothermy
E)live birth

Question 31

Reptiles can maintain their internal body temperature by

A)behavioral mechanisms.
B)drinking warm or cool water.
C)eating and oxidizing more food.
D)an effective insulating covering.
E)rerouting blood to distribute heat.

Question 32

Modern birds are characterized by all of the following except

A)feathers.
B)thin,hollow skeletons and auxiliary air sacs.
C)a four chambered heart.
D)the amniotic egg.
E)ectothermy.

Question 33

Birds are different from reptiles in all of the following features except

A)endothermy.
B)their lack of teeth.
C)the presence of feathers.
D)the presence of a flight skeleton.
E)bipedalism.

Question 34

The remarkable success of bony fishes has resulted from a series of adaptations,including all of the following except

A)swim bladders.
B)lateral line systems.
C)gill covers.
D)a counter-current exchange system in the gills.
E)a three-chambered heart with a pulmonary circuit.

Question 35

Features that have been retained by reptiles from the time they replaced the amphibians as the dominant terrestrial vertebrates include all of the following,except

A)the amniotic egg.
B)dry skin.
C)thoracic breathing.
D)reoriented appendages.
E)endothermy.

Question 36

All of the following are features that contribute to the ability of reptiles to survive on dry land except

A)the amniotic egg.
B)dry skin covered with scales.
C)an efficient circulatory system.
D)efficient lungs.
E)endothermy.

Question 37

All of the following features contributed to the successful invasion of land by amphibians except

A)legs.
B)lungs.
C)amniotic eggs.
D)a redesigned heart.
E)a mechanism that prevents drying of the skin.

Question 38

Mammals are thought to have evolved from

A)thecodonts.
B)therapsids.
C)dinosaurs.
D)marsupials.
E)archosaurs.

Question 39

Amphibians share all of the following characteristics,except

A)legs.
B)coetaneous respiration and lungs.
C)a partially divided heart.
D)pulmonary veins.
E)keratinized skin.

Question 40

The changes that were necessary to cope with the heavy energy demands of flight in birds include all of the following except

A)efficient respiration.
B)efficient circulation.
C)endothermy.
D)auxiliary air sacs and hollow bones.
E)a three chambered heart.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about tunicates is incorrect?

A)Tunicates are nonvertebrate chordates.
B)Tunicates are all marine animals.
C)Tunicates are sessile as adults.
D)Tunicate larvae are tadpole-like with all of the basic chordate characteristics.
E)Tunicate larvae can reproducE.

Question 42

Humans are different from apes in anatomy related to bipedal locomotion in all of the following features except the

A)vertebral column is more curved than an ape's.
B)spinal cord exists from the bottom rather than the back of the skull.
C)pelvis is broader and more bowl-shaped.
D)hip,knee,and foot have all changed in proportions.
E)upper limbs are longer than the lower limbs.

Question 43

Because of its association with tools,the earliest human was called ____________ meaning "handy man."

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo sapiens
D)Neanderthal
E)Cro-Magnon

Question 44

In humans one pair of pharyngeal pouches become the tube-shaped organ called the

A)esophagus.
B)trachea.
C)Eustachian tube.
D)bronchial tube.
E)pharynx.

Question 45

The only marsupial mammal living in North America is the

A)opossum.
B)raccoon.
C)ring-tailed cat.
D)weasel.
E)wombat.

Question 46

All of the following are true about prosimians except

A)they are big-eyed mammals with increased acuity.
B)they live in trees and have long balancing tails.
C)only two lineages survive today.
D)they are nocturnal.
E)they are widespread.

Question 47

Modern-humans share the greatest similarities with which one of the hominids?

A)Australopithecines
B)Neanderthals
C)Cro-Magnons
D)prosimians
E)primates

Question 48

The key specializations that occurred in the evolution of mammals include all of the following except

A)warm-bloodedness.
B)the presence of a placenta in most.
C)different teeth suited to their diet.
D)digestive tract specialization.
E)reduction in brain sizE.

Question 49

All of the following features are true of Anthropoids except

A)they include monkeys,apes,and humans.
B)almost all were diurnal.
C)opposable thumbs.
D)living in groups with complex social interactions.
E)changes to eye design and increase in brain sizE.

Question 50

Our own species,___________,appears to have evolved in Africa less than 200,000 years ago.

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo sapiens
D)Homo hominis
E)Homo australopithecus

Question 51

Apes and humans together make up a group called

A)hominids.
B)hominoids.
C)Homo sapiens.
D)habilis.
E)prosimians.

Question 52

The following classes or superclasses of fish are matched with an example.Select the mismatched pair.

A)Chondrichthyes-sharks
B)Placodermi-lobe-finned fish
C)Agnatha-jawless fish
D)Myxini-hagfish
E)Osteichthyes-bony fish

Question 53

Chimpanzees are considered to be our closest ancestors because

A)they have prehensile tails.
B)their hemoglobin molecule differs from the human by only one amino acid.
C)their upper/lower limbs equally account for bearing the body weight.
D)they have flat,spreading noses.
E)they are a highly social species.

Question 54

All of the following are orders of placental mammals except

A)primates.
B)rodentia.
C)cetacea.
D)carnivora.
E)marsupialia.

Question 55

New world monkeys have all of the following features except

A)they have flat spreading noses.
B)they grasp objects with long prehensile tails.
C)they evolved in isolation in South America.
D)they are all arboreal.
E)they have ischial callosities (thickened rump pads).

Question 56

DNA studies can be used to make all of the following conclusions except that

A)the gibbon ape line diverged about 15 million years ago.
B)orangutans split off about 10 million years ago.
C)gorilla lineage diverged about 8 million years ago.
D)chimpanzee line diverged less than 6 million years ago.
E)modern man remained changeless for the last 1 million years.

Question 57

A friend or yours visited a natural history museum that had a replica of the Archaeopteryx.She told you the characteristics of Archaeopteryx that she either noticed or read at the display.Which one did she misread?

A)Archaeopteryx had features,as do modern birds.
B)Archaeopteryx lacked teeth as do modern birds.
C)Archaeopteryx had solid bones,unlike the hollow bones of modern birds.
D)Archaeopteryx had wings as do modern birds.
E)Archaeopteryx had a long tail,unlike modern birds.

Question 58

All of the following features are true of primates except

A)they are mammals with grasping fingers and toes.
B)they belong to the order containing lemurs,monkeys,and apes.
C)they have binocular vision.
D)they have prehensile tails.
E)they have increased brain sizE.

Question 59

The European Neanderthals were replaced about 34,000 years ago by

A)Homo habilis.
B)Homo erectus.
C)Homo sapiens.
D)Neanderthals.
E)Cro-Magnons.

Question 60

Bony fishes possess three features not found in other fish.Select the best choice from those listed below to complete the following sentence.Bony fishes have

A)swim bladders,a lateral line system,and gill covers called operculA.
B)swim bladders,scales,and a complete digestive system.
C)swim bladders,movable fins,and a closed circulatory system.
D)swim bladders,gills,and movable jaws.

Question 61

Which of the following evidence obtained from fossil studies is generally accepted as marking the beginning of the hominids?

A)large brain development
B)walking upright
C)bipedalism
D)development of lower limbs longer than forelimbs
E)manufacture and use of tools

Question 62

You excavate a fossil of a small reptile during a paleontology field trip.It has the following characteristics: skull with a pair of dorsal temporal openings and a pair of lateral temporal openings;bipedal with legs positioned directly under the pelvic girdle.Dating with radioisotopes shows that the specimen lived 100 million year ago (MYA).You conclude that the specimen belongs to which reptilian group (be specific as possible)?

A)anapsid
B)synapsid
C)diapsid
D)archosaur
E)dinosaur

Question 63

Anthropoids or higher primates include all of the following except

A)new World monkeys.
B)old World monkeys.
C)apes.
D)humans.
E)lemurs.

Question 64

Homo erectus and the modern humans differ in

A)social behavior.
B)living as tribes.
C)their brain size.
D)their upright posture.
E)opposable thumbs.

Question 65

To which group of fishes does the following description apply: swim bladder,bony skeleton,and paired fins supported by bony rays.

A)Sarcopterygi
B)Actinopterygi
C)Chondrichthyes
D)Placodermi
E)Acanthodii

Question 66

The hominid australopithecines are generally accepted to be different from modern-humans because

A)only humans are bipedal.
B)the human skull is apelike in appearance with a strongly projecting face.
C)human brains on an average are at least twice as large in size.
D)human arms are longer than legs.
E)only humans are meat-eaters.

Question 67

Which one of the following incorrectly pairs a vertebrate group with its major evolutionary innovation?

A)Amphibians-paired lateral fins
B)Dinosaurs-bipedalism
C)Placoderms-jaws
D)Sharks-teeth
E)Ostracoderms-cartilaginous endoskeleton

Question 68

New World monkeys evolved approximately 30 million years ago.These animals are easy to identify because they

A)have opposable thumbs and binocular vision.
B)have prehensile tails and hair.
C)have protruding noses and prehensile tails.
D)have flattened noses and prehensile tails.
E)have opposable thumbs and protruding noses.

Question 69

Which of the following has the longest fossil record?

A)Homo sapiens
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo habilis
D)Homo neanderthalensis
E)Homo beidelbergensis

Question 70

You dissect a specimen of a vertebrate during an anatomy laboratory.It has the following characteristics: lungs,abundant blood capillaries in the skin,a three-chambered heart,a pulmonary circuit,and it has four walking legs.You conclude that the animal belongs to which vertebrate group?

A)lung fish
B)amphibian
C)reptile
D)placental mammal
E)marsupial mammal

Question 71

Which one of the following does not match a component of the amniotic egg with its primary function?

A)shell-porous,protective covering
B)chorion-exchange of respiratory gases;retention of water
C)amnion-encloses embryo within an oxygen-filled cavity
D)allantois-segregates nitrogenous wastes from embryo
E)yolk sac-provides food for the embryo

Question 72

Which one of the following is not an adaptation seen in birds that is necessary for winged flight?

A)hollow bones and air sacs
B)bipedalism
C)expansion of the pectoral girdle
D)elongation of the digits of the forearm
E)feathers

Question 73

The invasion of the land by amphibians posed a number of challenges requiring evolutionary innovations.Which one of the following does not match a challenge with an adaptation to meet that challenge?

A)The force of gravity was greater without water's buoying effect-evolution of well-muscled legs.
B)The force of gravity was greater without water's buoying effect-evolution of lungs and cutaneous respiration.
C)Additional O₂ needed for larger muscles-three-chambered heart and pulmonary circuit.
D)Eggs dry out in terrestrial environment-evolution of amniotic egg.
E)Less O₂ available in air versus water-evolution of lungs and cutaneous respiration.

Question 74

One characteristic that New World monkeys have that Old World monkeys lack is

A)binocular vision.
B)opposable thumbs.
C)hair covering their bodies.
D)prehensile tails.
E)females have mammary glands.

Question 75

All of the following about Homo habilis is true except

A)the species lived in Africa for 500,000 years and then became extinct.
B)the species coexisted with dinosaurs.
C)the species was replaced by a new kind of human,which had a larger brain.
D)the species was small in stature.
E)the species was associated with tools.

Question 76

Which one of the following structures is not found in all adult and larval tunicates?

A)incurrent siphon
B)excurrent siphon
C)gill slits
D)notochord
E)pharynx

Question 77

Which one of the following was not an adaptation seen in the sharks (Chondrichthyes)?

A)lateral line system
B)internal fertilization and internal development
C)swim bladder
D)teeth
E)calcified cartilaginous skeleton

Question 78

Apes and monkeys differ in two noticeable characteristics.These characteristics are that apes have

A)opposable thumbs and monkeys do not and apes have binocular vision and monkeys do not.
B)opposable thumbs and monkeys do not and apes have tails and monkeys do not.
C)binocular vision and monkeys do not and apes have tails and monkeys do not.
D)larger brains than monkeys do and monkeys have tails and apes do not.
E)opposable thumbs and monkeys do not and monkeys have larger brain capacity than apes do.

Question 79

Homo erectus has been shown to dispersed from

A)AfricA.
B)Asia.
C)South America.
D)Europe.
E)North America.

Question 80

Of the following sequences,which one reflects the best scientific knowledge about the succession of Homo species from the past until the present?

A)Homo beidelbergensis $\rarr$ Homo habilis $\rarr$ Homo sapiens $\rarr$ Homo erectus
B)Homo habilis $\rarr$ Homo beidelbergensis $\rarr$ Homo erectus $\rarr$ Homo sapiens
C)Homo beidelbergensis $\rarr$ Homo sapiens $\rarr$ Homo erectus $\rarr$ Homo habilis
D)Homo sapiens $\rarr$ Homo beidelbergensis $\rarr$ Homo habilis $\rarr$ Homo erectus
E)Homo habilis $\rarr$ Homo erectus $\rarr$ Homo beidelbergensis $\rarr$ Homo sapiens