Deck 17: Civil Rights, Women, and Diversity

Question 1

Sexual harassment is illegal under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1957.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Measures enacted in the South from 1877 to the 1950s legalizing segregation in public places,buses,trains,restaurants,schools,and businesses were known as Jim Crow laws.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was based on the First Amendment of the U.S.Constitution.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Civil Rights Act of 1960 is the cornerstone of the structure of laws and regulations enforcing equal opportunity.

Question 5

Even today,occupational segregation places many women in female-dominated occupations that tend to be lower paying than male-dominated ones.

Question 6

Affirmative action affronts the ideal of equality of opportunity by substituting equality of result.

Question 7

In the U.S.Declaration of Independence,"unalienable" rights are considered natural rights that cannot be taken away by government.

Question 8

Utilitarian ethics require that fair criteria be used to assign benefits and burdens to affirmative action.

Question 9

The inherent power of state governments to regulate economic and social relationships for the welfare of all citizens is known as police power.

Question 10

Norms of compensatory justice require that fair criteria be used to assign benefits and burdens.

Question 11

The 80 percent rule is the statistical test to measure disparate impact.

Question 12

The Thirteenth Amendment was intended to prevent Southern states from passing discriminatory laws.

Question 13

Leadership from the top is critical for the success of diversity management programs.

Question 14

As originally enacted,Title VII required employers to redress racially imbalanced workforces or change established seniority systems.

Question 15

Quid pro quo is a situation,defined as illegal,when submission to sexual activity is required to get or keep a job.

Question 16

A pattern of individual acts in a corporate culture that permits or condones discrimination is known as reverse discrimination.

Question 17

Ethnic nepotism refers to systematic efforts made by companies to recruit from diverse groups,promote tolerance,and modify corporate cultures to include nonmainstream employees.

Question 18

Disparate impact exists if an employer gives less favorable treatment to employees because of their race,color,religion,sex,or national origin.

Question 19

The invisible barrier of sex discrimination that thwarts the advance of women to top corporate positions is known as bamboo ceiling.

Question 20

Participation in affinity groups decreases an individual's sense of isolation in a work culture.

Question 21

If an employer gives less favorable treatment to employees because of their race,color,religion,sex,or national origin,he/she is indulging in:

A) disparate treatment.
B) separate but equal treatment.
C) reverse discrimination.
D) diversity management.

Question 22

Governments cannot grant or take away _____ rights.

A) civil
B) legal
C) statutory
D) natural

Question 23

Which of the following is true regarding natural rights?

A) They are bestowed by governments on their citizens.
B) They have to be codified by the legislative body.
C) They exist on a higher plane than civil rights.
D) They are also called alienable rights.

Question 24

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 protected the blacks against:

A) discrimination in transportation and accommodations.
B) ethnic violence.
C) employment discrimination.
D) discrimination in practicing their religion.

Question 25

Which of the following abolished slavery?

A) The Emancipation Proclamation
B) Executive Order 13526
C) The Sixteenth Amendment
D) The Thirteenth Amendment

Question 26

The belief that each race has distinctive cultural characteristics and that one's own race is superior to other races is called:

A) ethnocentrism.
B) ethnic essentialism.
C) sexism.
D) racism.

Question 27

_____ of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in any aspect of employment.

A) Title VII
B) Title IX
C) Title XI
D) Title V

Question 28

The rights to which a person is entitled simply because he/she is a human and that cannot be taken away by the government are known as _____ rights.

A) natural
B) civil
C) legal
D) statutory

Question 29

The Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S.constitution:

A) intended to prevent Southern states from passing discriminatory laws.
B) prohibited race discrimination in voting.
C) abolished slavery.
D) prohibited the making of laws impeding the free exercise of religion.

Question 30

Which of the following was passed to prevent racial discrimination in "inns,public conveyances on land or water,theaters and other places of public amusement"?

A) The Civil Rights Act of 1875
B) Executive Order 11246
C) The Civil Rights Act of 1866
D) Executive Order 10925

Question 31

The _____ Amendment of the U.S.constitution prohibited race discrimination in voting.

A) Fourteenth
B) Fifteenth
C) Sixteenth
D) Thirteenth

Question 32

Which of the following was the belief prevalent in the South that racially segregated facilities were not inherently unequal?

A) Balance of interest
B) Clear statement rule
C) Separate but equal
D) Racial steering

Question 33

All companies with 15 or more employees fall under the jurisdiction of Title VII and must report annually to the _____ the number of minorities and women in various job categories.

A) Employment Development Department
B) Bureau of Labor Statistics
C) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
D) National Labor Relations Board

Question 34

The _____ institutionalized the idea that whites were superior to blacks by creating segregated schools,restrooms,and water fountains.

A) Northern Black codes
B) Jim Crow laws
C) Nuremberg Laws
D) Blue laws

Question 35

_____ is the inherent authority of the state governments to regulate economic and social relationships for the welfare of the citizens.

A) Prohibitionism
B) Martial law
C) Eminent domain
D) Police power

Question 36

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was based on the _____ Amendment.

A) Sixteenth
B) Thirteenth
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifteenth

Question 37

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 created the ____,an independent regulatory commission,to enforce its provision.

A) Bureau of Labor Statistics
B) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
C) National Labor Relations Board
D) Bureau of International Labor Affairs

Question 38

Natural rights are:

A) limited within a community.
B) unalienable rights.
C) relative to specific cultures.
D) codified into statutes.

Question 39

Rights that are given to citizens by their government are called:

A) unalienable rights.
B) moral rights.
C) civil rights.
D) natural rights.

Question 40

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that:

A) freed an estimated 4 million slaves.
B) totally abolished slavery.
C) was intended to prevent Southern states from passing discriminatory laws.
D) prohibited race discrimination in voting.

Question 41

According to norms of distributive justice:

A) fair criteria should be used to assign benefits and burdens of affirmative action.
B) affirmative action destroys the right of all individuals to equal treatment before law.
C) the overall benefit to society as a result of affirmative action should be calculated.
D) discrimination in favor of protected groups is benevolent of intention.

Question 42

Affirmative action complemented the ideal of:

A) equality of result.
B) equality of opportunity.
C) achievement based on merit.
D) individual rights before the law.

Question 43

Discrimination caused by policies that apply to everyone and seem neutral but have the effect of disadvantaging a protected group is known as:

A) reverse discrimination.
B) disparate impact.
C) glass ceiling.
D) quid pro quo.

Question 44

The 80 percent rule is met if a company has hired:

A) at least 10 percent of black applicants if it has hired 20 percent of all white applicants.
B) at least 10 percent of white applicants if it has hired 20 percent of all black applicants.
C) minorities at the rate of at least 80 percent of the rate at which it hires from the demographic group.
D) minorities at the rate of at least 20 percent of the rate at which it hires from the demographic group.

Question 45

_____ refers to an invisible barrier of sex discrimination thwarting the advance of women to top corporate positions.

A) Glass closet
B) Glass elevator
C) Glass ceiling
D) Bamboo ceiling

Question 46

A company that uses business necessity as a justification must:

A) have programs to recruit from diverse groups and promote tolerance.
B) implement affirmative action.
C) practice systematic discrimination.
D) show how the practice in question is job-related and essential.

Question 47

_____ is a situation where sexually offensive conduct is pervasive in the workplace,making work unreasonably difficult for an affected individual.

A) Hostile environment
B) Verbal abuse
C) Quid pro quo
D) Anti-social behavior

Question 48

_____ is a situation when submission to sexual activity is required to get or keep a job.

A) Stalking
B) Business necessity
C) Quid pro quo
D) Hostile environment

Question 49

Which of the following is a legal defense that a company can use to fight a disparate impact charge?

A) Affirmative action
B) Systematic discrimination
C) Business necessity
D) The 80 percent rule

Question 50

Which of the following is true regarding the job scenario and compensation awarded to men and women currently?

A) Men's earnings have steadily grown,while women's have stagnated.
B) Women hold higher percentage of job in the static manufacturing and construction sectors.
C) Men predominate in rapidly growing service occupations.
D) Although women earn less than men,the gap is a narrow one.

Question 51

Policies that seek out,encourage,and sometimes give preferential treatment to employees in the groups protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are called:

A) affirmative action.
B) systematic discrimination policies.
C) anti-harassment policies.
D) quid pro quo.

Question 52

Which of the following statements about Executive Order 11246 is NOT true?

A) It is the origin of most affirmative action in corporations.
B) It is a legal defense a company can use to fight a disparate impact charge.
C) It is enforced by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs.
D) It requires all companies with federal contracts of $50,000 or more and 50 or more employees,to have a written affirmative action plan.

Question 53

Which of the following is used as a statistical test to measure disparate impact?

A) The one-eighth rule
B) The 80 percent rule
C) The 20 percent rule
D) The one-half rule

Question 54

Sexual harassment is illegal under:

A) the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.
B) Executive Order 11478.
C) the Federal Employers Liability Act.
D) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 55

Which of the following requires that affirmative action payment be made to make up for past wrongs?

A) Utilitarian considerations
B) Norms of compensatory justice
C) Norms of distributive justice
D) Ethical theories of rights

Question 56

With regard to affirmative action,advocates of utilitarian ethics:

A) raise questions about the ultimate fairness of affirmative action.
B) say that discrimination in favor of protected groups is benevolent of intention.
C) say that ethics require calculations about the overall costs to society of affirmative action.
D) argue that preferential treatment policies benefit everyone by making fuller use of talent.

Question 57

Which of the following is an example of quid pro quo?

A) The interviewer tells Brenda that her qualifications are excellent for a female employee.
B) Charles Inc. ,requires that all female employees wear high heels during work hours.
C) David is often asked to work overtime because he is a bachelor.
D) Ariana is denied a promotion because she refuses to go out with her boss.

Question 58

_____ discrimination is a pattern or practice of individual acts or rules in a corporate culture that permits or condones discrimination.

A) Subtle
B) Reverse
C) Positive
D) Systemic

Question 59

According to which of the following is discrimination in favor of protected groups benevolent of intention?

A) Distributive justice
B) Compensatory justice
C) Ethical theories of rights
D) Utilitarian ethics

Question 60

The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs:

A) establishes rigid hiring goals for all companies.
B) has mandated a goal of 10 percent females in the construction industry.
C) conducts zealous compliance reviews.
D) uses qualitative tools to target companies where discrimination is most likely to be uncovered.

Question 61

What were the Jim Crow laws?

Question 62

What changes were brought about by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Question 63

Which of the following is true regarding the common elements of diversity programs?

A) Leadership from the top is critical.
B) Changing the organization structure disrupts diversity efforts.
C) Measuring progress does not require data collection.
D) Training programs are not very popular.

Question 64

Which of the following is a reason for the persisting gender wage gap?

A) Occupational segregation places many women in female-dominated occupations that tend to be lower paying than male-dominated ones.
B) Employers never hesitate to invest heavily in training women,thus giving women an equal opportunity for promotions.
C) The earning gap does not reflect elements of sex discrimination.
D) Although globalization has narrowed gender wage differentials,especially in high-skill occupations,they persist due to cultural traditions that shape labor market characteristics.

Question 65

What were the Civil Rights Cases? How did the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v.Ferguson affect the Fourteenth Amendment?

Question 66

What is racism?

Question 67

Systematic efforts made by a company to recruit from different groups,promote tolerance,and modify corporate cultures to include nonmainstream employees are known as:

A) tokenism.
B) diversity management.
C) ethnic nepotism.
D) meritocracy.

Question 68

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was based on which amendment to the U.S.constitution?

Question 69

What was the separate but equal doctrine?

Question 70

What were the employment discriminations that the Chinese laborers faced in the United States during 1850 to 1885?

Question 71

A support network formed by employees who personify an attribute associated with discrimination,stereotyping,or social isolation is known as a(n)_____ group.

A) personal union
B) affinity
C) hierarchical
D) citizen

Question 72

Distinguish between natural rights and civil rights.

Question 73

Define sexual harassment,quid pro quo,and hostile environment.

Question 74

Which of the following countries has a feminine culture wherein cooperation and compromise have much higher priority than assertiveness and ambition?

A) The United States
B) Japan
C) Mexico
D) Scandinavia

Question 75

Following the Civil War,Congress passed three constitutional amendments designed to protect the rights of former slaves.What were they?

Question 76

What are the three affirmative action debates? Explain them in brief.

Question 77

Discuss Executive Order 11246.How is it enforced?

Question 78

Define civil rights.

Question 79

Define disparate treatment,disparate impact,and business necessity.

Question 80

What is the 80 percent rule? Explain an example.