Deck 17: Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements

Question 1

According to Max Weber,Calvinists equated material success with

A)God's blessing.
B)being too "worldly."
C)idolizing money rather than God.
D)None of the answers is correct.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the term used to describe when many individuals begin to engage in a similar behavior independently of one another?

A)social trend
B)social change
C)cultural change
D)attitudinal change

Answer 2

A

Question 3

William Ogburn proposed that ideas and beliefs change less rapidly than technology.This phenomenon is called

A)cultural drag.
B)technological supremacy.
C)a technological head start.
D)cultural lag.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Current trends in sociological theories which explain social change generally focus on material factors and/or

A)ideas.
B)political decisions.
C)powerful people.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Sociologists who focus on a particular social and historical environment in which social change occurs,rather than focusing on a single factor,use which perspective of social change?

A)historical materialism
B)structural analysis
C)cultural analysis
D)contextual analysis

Question 6

Karl Marx's perspective focuses on which of the following to explain social change?

A)cultural factors
B)power factors
C)material factors
D)domination

Question 7

Which choice best captures the definition of globalization?

A)cross-national economic integration
B)integration of multiple aspects of social life
C)cultural homogenization
D)political unification

Question 8

According to Karl Marx,what is the underlying factor behind all social change?

A)the structure of inequality
B)the mode of production
C)collective attitudes
D)historical materialism

Question 9

What type of social change do social trends cause?

A)market change
B)unintended social change
C)unpredictable social change
D)irreversible social change

Question 10

Based on Karl Marx's perspective,change in _____ is the foundation of all other social change.

A)cultural attitudes
B)the economic base
C)the distribution of power
D)the structure of domination

Question 11

_____ can be seen as an early form of globalization.

A)The Crusades
B)World War I
C)Colonialism
D)Feudalism

Question 12

Which is the most significant feature of globalization?

A)increasing use of the Internet
B)increasing integration of societies
C)decreasing community and civic involvement
D)access to affordable consumer goods

Question 13

Even though women today enjoy full equality in the workplace,they still collectively make significantly less money than men.This is evidence that while some beliefs and attitudes change,

A)they do not change fast enough.
B)they are replaced by new ones.
C)other structural patterns persist.
D)things really stay the same.

Question 14

Based on Karl Marx's perspective,what is the mode of production?

A)a factory system
B)a structure of inequality
C)an economic system
D)the division of labor

Question 15

William Ogburn argued that in the face of rapid technological change,people's _____ the new technological reality.

A)beliefs lag behind
B)ideas correspond with
C)attitudes adjust to
D)choices adapt to

Question 16

Which factor was central to Max Weber's perspective of social change,specifically the rise of capitalism?

A)culture
B)the power structure
C)the economy
D)religion

Question 17

Social change is always

A)complete.
B)partial.
C)disturbing.
D)bad.

Question 18

William Ogburn argued that technological development produces

A)more comfortable lifestyles.
B)better opportunities.
C)improved health.
D)new social problems.

Question 19

Max Weber argued that _____ contributed to the emergence of industrial capitalism.

A)universal greed
B)the Protestant ethic
C)structural factors
D)colonialism

Question 20

The Internet has created a virtual community which brings together people who otherwise would never interact.At the same time,real community involvement suffers as people spend more time isolated from the "real" world.While technology creates new patterns of social interaction,it also produces problems.This reflects the perspective of which social theorist?

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)William Ogburn
D)C.Wright Mills

Question 21

World systems theory is a form of _____ theory.

A)materialist
B)conflict
C)demographic
D)functionalist

Question 22

Transnational organizations,such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank,play an important role in maintaining developing nations' economic dependence on the former colonial powers.From this perspective,globalization

A)contributes to development in the Third World.
B)places a financial burden on wealthy nations.
C)continues the legacy of colonialism.
D)contributes to growth and prosperity around the world.

Question 23

What spurred the population explosion known as the baby boom?

A)a ban on birth control
B)the end of World War II
C)a cultural revolution
D)suburbanization

Question 24

What is the approximate world population today?

A)3 billion
B)5 billion
C)7 billion
D)9 billion

Question 25

The people of the Himalayan uplands now drink Coca-Cola and Indian village women give up breastfeeding in favor of Nestlé formula.These are examples of

A)the benefits of globalization.
B)the globalization of culture.
C)global economic progress.
D)global consumption.

Question 26

From the perspective of world systems theory,national governments in developing nations have _____ to regulate their own economies

A)little incentive
B)a unique opportunity
C)virtually no power
D)been encouraged

Question 27

The global export of culture

A)involves most world cultures.
B)produces great intermingling of many cultures.
C)is based primarily in Europe and North America.
D)unifies people around the world.

Question 28

Which economic philosophy promotes markets,deregulation,privatization,and reduced government social expenditures?

A)the Austrian school
B)Keynesian economics
C)neoliberalism
D)libertarianism

Question 29

Western Protestant evangelicals have successfully exported their beliefs and religious practices to many countries around the world.This is an example of

A)cultural globalization.
B)a global social movement.
C)a transnational church.
D)neo-conservatism.

Question 30

Globalization _____ the wealth gap between the rich and poor countries.

A)increases
B)decreases
C)has little impact on
D)has a mixed impact on

Question 31

According to the Globalization Index,which of the following countries is the most globalized?

A)the United States
B)Belgium
C)Chad
D)China

Question 32

According to world systems theory,globalization disproportionately benefits wealthy nations because they

A)enjoy a cultural hegemony.
B)have greater political influence.
C)are more powerful.
D)control the rules of capitalism.

Question 33

The study of population trends and characteristics is called

A)biography.
B)demography.
C)cartography.
D)biostatistics.

Question 34

Many individuals decided to have children at about the same time,which resulted in the baby boom.Which factor was primarily responsible for the baby boom?

A)individual decisions
B)biology
C)external factors
D)lax morals

Question 35

Which group most benefits from the principles of economic neoliberalism?

A)investors and capitalists
B)the working class
C)the government sector
D)marginal groups

Question 36

Which is NOT a policy promoted by neoliberalism?

A)reduction of taxes
B)opposition to unions
C)social welfare programs
D)deregulation

Question 37

Globalization shifted power away from national governments to corporations and transnational entities such as the World Bank.The effect of this shift is

A)improved global security and peace
B)an improvement of living standards around the world
C)increased prosperity in developing nations
D)an increased power of wealthy nations over poor ones

Question 38

Western cultural exports around the world are a form of

A)cultural enhancement.
B)cultural unification.
C)cultural domination.
D)indoctrination.

Question 39

Why do critics of neoliberalism suggest that neoliberal policies are applied selectively?

A)Tax cuts are not applied consistently.
B)Only the underprivileged benefit.
C)Governments routinely subsidize businesses.
D)Labor unions are allowed to flourish.

Question 40

Neoliberal policies have

A)been widely accepted and endorsed by most.
B)sparked a global justice movement.
C)promoted fairness and justice.
D)None of the answers is correct.

Question 41

Not all countries experience the same population trends.Great differences exist among countries in population growth,infant mortality rates,average lifespan,etc.This inequality is called

A)the population pyramid.
B)population disparity.
C)biometric discrepancy.
D)the demographic divide.

Question 42

In the United States,the "graying of America" has had which of the following effects on the Social Security system?

A)Benefits have been reduced.
B)The age at which a person is eligible for benefits has increased.
C)The system itself continues to struggle with solvency.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 43

What is the primary reason behind the global population explosion?

A)absence of birth control
B)increased prosperity
C)increasing poverty
D)medical advances

Question 44

Unsustainable population growth is threatening the planet.This statement is consistent with which population theory?

A)neoclassical
B)Malthusian
C)environmental
D)neo-Malthusian

Question 45

How is social structure in agrarian societies related to large families?

A)extended family structure
B)religious promotion of procreation
C)absence of birth control
D)need for farm labor

Question 46

What does Richard Flacks mean by "making history"?

A)a special charisma to sway people's opinions
B)an ability to invent new technology that changes the course of history
C)the power to influence the organization of society
D)an ability to act in a way that inspires change

Question 47

What is the primary factor that impacts the rates of population growth?

A)access to birth control
B)level of economic development
C)religious beliefs
D)cultural values

Question 48

What is the population growth rate in European countries?

A)negative growth rate
B)high birth rate
C)negative death rate
D)stable growth

Question 49

Demographic transition theory suggests that societies progress through four demographic stages,beginning with high birth and death rates and culminating at _____ population growth.

A)slowed
B)zero
C)negative
D)sustainable

Question 50

According to Richard Flacks,most people are not involved in "making history" because they

A)are too distracted by media entertainment.
B)lack inspiration and dedication.
C)lack talents and special abilities.
D)are busy "making life."

Question 51

Based on demographic transition theory,why do pre-industrial societies experience very low overall population growth?

A)low birth rates
B)high birth and death rates
C)high death rates
D)alternating periods of prosperity and famine

Question 52

Technological development,particularly in the medical field,had contributed to population explosion by

A)improving living standards and reducing mortality.
B)improving fertility treatment.
C)increasing life expectancy and lowering infant mortality.
D)improving preventative health care.

Question 53

According to demographic transition theory,societies that embraced industrialization were able to reduce overall birth and death rates.The primary reason behind this reduction was

A)increased affluence.
B)introduction of birth control.
C)improved knowledge about sanitation and disease.
D)transition from extended to nuclear family.

Question 54

How is social structure in advanced countries related to small families?

A)Urban living restricts the number of family members.
B)Children are a financial liability.
C)Family planning is possible.
D)There is a cultural preference for fewer children.

Question 55

Which theory argues that population growth is directly related to levels of affluence and adoption of new technology?

A)demographic divide theory
B)Malthusian theory
C)demographic transition theory
D)neoliberalism

Question 56

An aging population brings a variety of social problems.Which issue,related to the aging population in the United States,is most significant?

A)a housing shortage for young people
B)too few young people supporting too many retirees
C)slower economic growth and lower spending
D)high unemployment as retirement age increases

Question 57

Besides death and birth rates,what other factor is essential in assessing population growth?

A)incarceration rates
B)migration
C)degree of economic prosperity
D)reliability of demographic records

Question 58

Collective,organized efforts at bringing about or opposing change,typically lead by people who have no institutional power,is a definition of

A)interest groups.
B)lobbying.
C)social movements.
D)support groups.

Question 59

Which of the following best describes the current and projected impact of immigration on population growth in the United States and other wealthy nations?

A)significant
B)negligible
C)declining
D)currently insignificant,but rapidly increasing

Question 60

Which area of the world is experiencing the highest death rate?

A)South America
B)Europe
C)Africa
D)Asia

Question 61

What are political opportunities?

A)when movement leaders gain political influence
B)external factors that change the environment
C)when movement becomes mainstream
D)when movement leadership becomes part of the power structure

Question 62

The coordination of many individuals into a concerted effort to promote social change is called

A)organizing.
B)a revolt.
C)a boycott.
D)a protest.

Question 63

What primarily differentiates social movements from other forms of politics?

A)Social movements do not involve money.
B)Social movements use extrainstitutional tactics.
C)Social movements fight for a noble cause.
D)Social movements are centered on conflict.

Question 64

Boycotts,non-violent street demonstrations,and protests are examples of what type of methods of social change?

A)innovative
B)disruptive
C)conflict-based
D)extrainstitutional

Question 65

In the past,social movements relied on

A)public speeches.
B)written communication.
C)face-to-face communication.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 66

Social movements would NOT be interested in pursuing which effort?

A)changing institutional structure
B)supporting charitable organizations
C)promoting the support for war
D)educating about the importance of recycling

Question 67

Social movements use what type of methods to achieve their goals?

A)exclusively extrainstitutional
B)combination of conventional and extrainstitutional
C)innovative but conventional
D)non-traditional power channels

Question 68

Social movements promote their organizations with symbolic markers such as logos,T-shirts,and slogans primarily in order to

A)foster collective identity.
B)solicit contributions.
C)rally support.
D)maintain enthusiasm.

Question 69

_____ is essential to the success of today's social movements.

A)Effective communication
B)Large financial backing
C)Face-to-face contact
D)Access to mainstream media

Question 70

_____ is a way to generate assets that support the physical structure and operation of a social movement.

A)Movement drive
B)Asset acquisition
C)A charitable function
D)Resource mobilization

Question 71

Why are bystanders so important to the success of a social movement?

A)They can cheer and support the movement actors.
B)Movements need public exposure.
C)There is potential for expansion of the movement if bystanders become involved.
D)Movements need witnesses to injustice.

Question 72

The most likely candidate for recruitment into a social movement would be a(n)

A)unemployed person.
B)disenchanted employee.
C)college student.
D)retiree.

Question 73

Social movements are generally able to______ alter social values in order to bring about change.

A)radically
B)rapidly
C)gradually
D)completely

Question 74

The idea of framing originated in the work of

A)Max Weber.
B)Karl Marx.
C)Erving Goffman.
D)Frederick Douglass.

Question 75

According to community organizers,there are two basic sources of power in social movements.Which of the following is one that social movements possess?

A)money
B)people
C)influence
D)enthusiasm

Question 76

Framing is central to the formation of a collective identity necessary for the success of a social movement.What does framing do?

A)It defines "us" versus "them."
B)It defines the meaning of its message.
C)It identifies opponents or targets.
D)It solidifies membership.

Question 77

Contemporary social movements rely increasingly on _____ to communicate their message to supporters.

A)the mainstream media
B)underground networks
C)cable and satellite networks
D)the Internet and social media

Question 78

Social movements are primarily interested in

A)addressing immediate needs.
B)supporting charitable causes.
C)tackling root causes.
D)providing service and assistance.

Question 79

Who famously stated that,"Power concedes nothing without a demand"?

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)Martin Luther King,Jr.
D)Frederick Douglass

Question 80

Although composed mostly of the powerless,social movements do have power to bring about social change.A major source of their power is the power

A)to excite and inspire.
B)to influence and persuade.
C)to confront and challenge.
D)of non-compliance.