Deck 5: Stress

Question 1

Family time demands include participation in formal education programs, music lessons, sports-related training, hobby-related self-education, participation in local government, and volunteer work.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The particular demands that cause people to experience stress are called strains.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Problem-focused coping refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The level of responsibility in a job is higher when the number, scope, and importance of the obligations in the level of responsibility at the job are higher.

Question 5

Work-family conflict is an example of work hindrance stressor.

Question 6

Hindrance stressors often trigger positive emotions such as pride and enthusiasm.

Question 7

In contrast to cognitive coping, behavioral coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation.

Question 8

High stress on the job is more prevalent today than it's ever been and is even more prevalent in the types of jobs that college graduates take.

Question 9

Seeking assistance is an emotion-focused cognitive coping strategy.

Question 10

Stressful demands that are perceived as obstructing progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment are called challenge stressors.

Question 11

Work complexity refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work-in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities-tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is responsible for performing the work.

Question 12

Most people appraise situations with high time pressure as rather stressful, and they also tend to appraise these situations as more hindering than challenging.

Question 13

Role overload reflects the relatively minor day-to-day demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish.

Question 14

When people first encounter stressors, the process of primary appraisal is triggered.

Question 15

Role ambiguity is often experienced among new employees who haven't been around long enough to receive instructions from supervisors or observe and model the role behaviors of more senior colleagues.

Question 16

Employees who are deeply embedded in their organizations and communities feel less stress than less embedded individuals.

Question 17

Job demands that tend to be appraised as stressful are called benign job demands.

Question 18

A critical factor that determines coping strategy choice is the degree to which people believe that a particular strategy gives them some degree of control over the stressor or how they feel about it.

Question 19

Kathleen thought her college studies had prepared her completely for her new job as a restaurant manager. She is completely surprised by the amount of responsibility that has immediately been given to her and the number of skills she is expected to already have. Combined with the amount of pressure she is under to get all the staffing and ordering forms filled out and filed, she is feeling quite stressed. Kathleen is experiencing work-related challenge stress.

Question 20

People are likely to feel more control over a stressor when they appraise it as a hindrance rather than a challenge.

Question 21

Hindrance stressors have a strong positive relationship with job performance.

Question 22

Instrumental support refers to the help people receive that can be used to address the stressful demand directly.

Question 23

In general, relaxation techniques to reduce strain attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner.

Question 24

Challenge stressors have a moderate negative relationship with organizational commitment.

Question 25

Stressors can cause gastrointestinal system problems.

Question 26

Type A people have a strong sense of time urgency.

Question 27

Headaches, tight shoulders, and back pain have all been linked to a variety of stressors.

Question 28

The first step in managing stress is to assess colleagues in the workplace.

Question 29

Reducing stressors may reduce the overall level of stress that a person experiences. However, this approach is likely to be most beneficial when the focus of the effort is on challenge stressors rather than hindrance stressors.

Question 30

Physiological strains that result from stressors include depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, and reduced self-confidence.

Question 31

Type A behaviors are often rewarded by organizations.

Question 32

Hindrance stressors such as role ambiguity, conflict, and overload not only cause strain but also decrease commitment and job performance.

Question 33

Job sharing means splitting one job into two to reduce role overload.

Question 34

Supportive practices are one way of helping employees cope with stressful demands.

Question 35

Exercise programs are particularly successful because they reduce the types of stressors that employees encounter.

Question 36

Compulsive eating is an example of behavioral strain.

Question 37

Social support refers to the help that people receive when they are confronted with stressful demands.

Question 38

One way that organizations provide resources to employees is through training interventions aimed at increasing job-related competencies and skills.

Question 39

One type of strain-reducing practice involves training in relaxation techniques.

Question 40

Challenge stressors have a weak positive relationship with job performance.

Question 41

_____ refers to a work hindrance stressor that occurs when the number of demanding roles a person holds is so high that the person simply cannot perform some or all of the roles very effectively.

A) Time pressure
B) Daily hassle
C) Role overload
D) Role ambiguity
E) Role conflict

Question 42

Elis and Phoebe work at United Insurance, a medium-sized insurance company with 240 branches in eight states. Elis works as a teller. Phoebe works as one of five regional supervisors, each of whom is expected to supervise a team of tellers. Elis recently received instructions from her supervisor that all tellers will be evaluated on the number of people they assist at their window per day. Serving more customers means higher performance effectiveness. However, Elis is also expected to follow the bank's number-one goal of customer satisfaction. Phoebe on the other hand is facing a difficult situation. Two of the regional supervisors left the bank for other opportunities resulting in significant increase in the work responsibility and time pressure for Phoebe and the remaining two supervisors. The bank hired Jason as a trainee for the supervisor position. Two days into his new job, he was asked to take up all the responsibilities of a regional supervisor. Jason was given very few instructions or guidelines about how things are supposed to be done. He was expected to learn on the job.
Elis, unable to meet both types of expectations associated with her role, is facing _____.

A) role complexity
B) role conflict
C) role ambiguity
D) work responsibility
E) work enrichment

Question 43

Which of the following is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources?

A) Stressors
B) Type A behavior
C) Strains
D) Stress
E) Type B behavior

Question 44

Which of these is not a work hindrance stressor?

A) Time pressure
B) Daily hassles
C) Role overload
D) Role ambiguity
E) Role conflict

Question 45

Job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful are called:

A) secondary job demands.
B) positive demands.
C) routine demands.
D) noncompetitive demands.
E) benign job demands.

Question 46

_____ is a work hindrance stressor that occurs from incompatible demands within a single role that a person may hold.

A) Time pressure
B) Daily hassles
C) Role overload
D) Role ambiguity
E) Role conflict

Question 47

First, the copy machine broke down, then the person in the next office started arguing loudly with another coworker, now Hannah can't find a pen that isn't out of ink. Hannah's head hurts, her shoulders are tense, and her back aches. The problems represent _____. The results are _____.

A) stressors; strains
B) strains; stressors
C) daily hassles; work outcomes
D) work hassles; daily outcomes
E) primary effects; secondary outcomes

Question 48

The particular demands that cause people to experience stress are called:

A) stressors.
B) Type C demands.
C) strains.
D) burnouts.
E) Type B demands.

Question 49

Which of these is a work hindrance stressor?

A) Time pressure
B) A positive life event
C) Role overload
D) A negative life event
E) Work complexity

Question 50

Stressful demands that are perceived as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement are called:

A) challenge stressors.
B) daily hassles.
C) role conflicts.
D) hindrance stressors.
E) work-family conflicts.

Question 51

Elis and Phoebe work at United Insurance, a medium-sized insurance company with 240 branches in eight states. Elis works as a teller. Phoebe works as one of five regional supervisors, each of whom is expected to supervise a team of tellers. Elis recently received instructions from her supervisor that all tellers will be evaluated on the number of people they assist at their window per day. Serving more customers means higher performance effectiveness. However, Elis is also expected to follow the bank's number-one goal of customer satisfaction. Phoebe on the other hand is facing a difficult situation. Two of the regional supervisors left the bank for other opportunities resulting in significant increase in the work responsibility and time pressure for Phoebe and the remaining two supervisors. The bank hired Jason as a trainee for the supervisor position. Two days into his new job, he was asked to take up all the responsibilities of a regional supervisor. Jason was given very few instructions or guidelines about how things are supposed to be done. He was expected to learn on the job.
Phoebe's stress is related to a _____.

A) cognitive distortion
B) self-serving bias
C) nonwork hindrance
D) challenge stressor
E) performance hindrance

Question 52

When people first encounter stressors, the process of _____ is triggered.

A) behavioral appraisal
B) problem-focused appraisal
C) primary appraisal
D) emotional venting
E) critical thinking

Question 53

Stressful demands that are perceived as hindering progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment are called:

A) role stressors.
B) time pressures.
C) psychological stressors.
D) hindrance stressors.
E) work complexities.

Question 54

Elis and Phoebe work at United Insurance, a medium-sized insurance company with 240 branches in eight states. Elis works as a teller. Phoebe works as one of five regional supervisors, each of whom is expected to supervise a team of tellers. Elis recently received instructions from her supervisor that all tellers will be evaluated on the number of people they assist at their window per day. Serving more customers means higher performance effectiveness. However, Elis is also expected to follow the bank's number-one goal of customer satisfaction. Phoebe on the other hand is facing a difficult situation. Two of the regional supervisors left the bank for other opportunities resulting in significant increase in the work responsibility and time pressure for Phoebe and the remaining two supervisors. The bank hired Jason as a trainee for the supervisor position. Two days into his new job, he was asked to take up all the responsibilities of a regional supervisor. Jason was given very few instructions or guidelines about how things are supposed to be done. He was expected to learn on the job.
Jason is encountering stress resulting from _____.

A) work complexity
B) role conflict
C) role ambiguity
D) negative life events
E) daily hassles

Question 55

The negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed one's capacity or resources are called:

A) stressors.
B) Type C patterns.
C) strains.
D) crises.
E) Type B patterns.

Question 56

The transactional theory of stress deals with:

A) motion-focused behavior coping.
B) primary and secondary appraisal of stress.
C) Type A behavior.
D) instrumental support.
E) presenteeism.

Question 57

Tim is working as the marketing head at Blue Chip Investments. His work requires him to travel extensively and meet clients in various countries. However, his role also requires him to mentor several marketing representatives who work under him and keep track of their progress. Because Tim stays away from his office most of the time, he finds it difficult to manage both types of work responsibilities. Tim faces which of the following challenges?

A) Role complexities
B) Role conflict
C) Role penetration
D) Role ambiguity
E) Role enrichment

Question 58

Elis and Phoebe work at United Insurance, a medium-sized insurance company with 240 branches in eight states. Elis works as a teller. Phoebe works as one of five regional supervisors, each of whom is expected to supervise a team of tellers. Elis recently received instructions from her supervisor that all tellers will be evaluated on the number of people they assist at their window per day. Serving more customers means higher performance effectiveness. However, Elis is also expected to follow the bank's number-one goal of customer satisfaction. Phoebe, on the other hand, is facing a difficult situation. Two of the regional supervisors left the bank for other opportunities resulting in significant increase in the work responsibility and time pressure for Phoebe and the remaining two supervisors. The bank hired Jason as a trainee for the supervisor position. Two days into his new job, he was asked to take up all the responsibilities of a regional supervisor. Jason was given very few instructions or guidelines about how things are supposed to be done. He was expected to learn on the job.
Elis is facing which type of stressor?

A) Work enlargement
B) Work hindrance
C) Work enrichment
D) Work challenge
E) Work complexity

Question 59

Normative-behavioral techniques attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner.

Question 60

_____ occurs as people evaluate the significance and the meaning of the stressors they are confronting.

A) Primary appraisal
B) Transactional analysis
C) Cognitive appraisal
D) Role conflict
E) Problem-focused appraisal

Question 61

Ariel is the assistant editor at the local newspaper, the Morning Mail. With recent increased readership, the editorial committee had decided to move up the deadline for article submissions to eight hours. This move was not welcomed by the junior writers and editors. Ariel, though unhappy with the decision, faced the problem head on and chose to cope by working faster and harder. This is an example of:

A) emotion-focused behavior coping.
B) problem-focused behavior coping.
C) fear-focused cognitive coping.
D) anxiety-focused cognitive coping.
E) stress-focused behavior coping.

Question 62

Which of these is a nonwork challenge stressor?

A) Daily hassles
B) A positive life event
C) Role overload
D) A negative life event
E) Role conflict

Question 63

According to research which of the following is considered the most stressful life event?

A) Retirement
B) Change in residence
C) Death of a spouse
D) Fired at work
E) Child leaving home

Question 64

Family time demands are what type of stressor?

A) Nonwork challenge stressor
B) Nonwork hindrance stressor
C) Work challenge stressor
D) Work hindrance stressor
E) Emotional stressor

Question 65

Activities including participation in formal education programs, music lessons, sports-related training, hobby-related self-education, and volunteer work are examples of:

A) personal development.
B) professional development.
C) self-actualization.
D) management development.
E) change management.

Question 66

Beth is a senior accountant at The American Bank. Her job profile includes preparing monthly financial statements, getting high-net-worth individuals to invest in the bank, and dealing with people who want loans above $30,000. Her work involves a lot of paperwork as well as traveling to meet clients. The end of each month is especially busy because Beth has to check the audit reports as well. Unable to handle the pressure, Beth spoke to her boss and asked to be given an assistant. This is an example of:

A) primary appraisal demands.
B) role ambiguity.
C) role overload.
D) benign job demands.
E) secondary job demands.

Question 67

Which of the following reflect(s) the relatively minor routine demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish?

A) Family time demands
B) Daily hassles
C) Personal development
D) Positive life events
E) Negative life events

Question 68

Work-family conflict is a type of _____ stressor.

A) nonwork hindrance
B) primary work challenge
C) nonwork challenge
D) work hindrance
E) job enrichment

Question 69

Which of the following is a work challenge stressor?

A) Work complexity
B) A positive life event
C) Role overload
D) A negative life event
E) Role ambiguity

Question 70

Coping strategies can be viewed as either _______ or _______ focused.

A) problem; emotion
B) behavior; cognition
C) positively; negatively
D) work; nonwork
E) personally; organizationally

Question 71

Which of the following refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work-in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities-tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is responsible for performing the work?

A) Work responsibility
B) Time pressure
C) Work complexity
D) Role conflict
E) A negative life event

Question 72

_____ refer(s) to the lack of information regarding what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role.

A) Time pressure
B) Daily hassles
C) Role overload
D) Role ambiguity
E) Role conflict

Question 73

All of these are examples of emotion-focused coping strategies except:

A) venting anger.
B) self-motivation.
C) engaging in alternative activities.
D) seeking support.
E) reappraising.

Question 74

Which of these is an example of problem-focused coping?

A) Maintaining a positive outlook
B) Talking to a friend to release pent-up emotions
C) Taking time out to listen to some music
D) Seeking the assistance of a supervisor
E) Dwelling on less annoying aspects of the daily events

Question 75

Kristen attempts to address time pressure by working harder and seeking assistance in devising a strategy for accomplishing the work more efficiently. In the example, Kristen uses:

A) emotion-focused coping.
B) primary coping devices.
C) nonwork coping mechanisms.
D) problem-focused coping.
E) self-destructive mechanisms.

Question 76

Which of the following is a nonwork hindrance stressor?

A) Family time demands
B) A positive life event
C) Personal development
D) Time pressure
E) Financial uncertainty

Question 77

Self-motivation and changing priorities are examples of:

A) fear-avoidance behavior coping strategies.
B) emotion-focused behavior coping strategies.
C) emotion-focused cognitive coping strategies.
D) problem-focused cognitive coping strategies.
E) primary coping strategies.

Question 78

_____ refer(s) to the nature of the obligations that a person has toward others.

A) Negative life events
B) Time pressure
C) Work complexity
D) Role conflict
E) Work responsibility

Question 79

_____ refer(s) to the behaviors and thoughts that people use to manage both the stressful demands that they face and the emotions associated with those stressful demands.

A) Coping
B) Strains
C) Type A behavior pattern
D) Stressors
E) Negative life events

Question 80

Seeking support and venting anger are examples of which of the following coping strategies?

A) Emotion-focused behavior coping
B) Problem-focused behavior coping
C) Stress-focused cognitive coping
D) Fear-avoidance cognitive coping
E) Problem-focused cognitive coping