Deck 4: Cultural Dynamics in Assessing Global Markets

Question 1

Good illustrations of elements of culture would be one's family,religion,schools,media,government,and even corporations.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The manner and amount in which people consume are factors that dictate their style of living.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

There is a moderate level American-style risk-taking among Japanese investors.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to the text,culture is specifically how well someone walks,talks,or writes.

Question 5

Culture deals with a group's design for living.

Question 6

The Individualism/Collectivism Index measures the tolerance of social inequality.

Question 7

The liberalization of Japan's capital markets in recent years now gives Japanese more freedom of choice in their investments.However,only twelve percent of household financial assets are directly invested in stocks and a mere two percent in mutual funds.

Question 8

With respect to languages,Spanish,Italian,French,and Portuguese are all classified as Romance languages because most poetry is written in these languages.

Question 9

Rebecca Nguyen is attempting to measure power inequality between superiors and subordinates within AT&T's social system.The best measure would be the Power Distance Index.

Question 10

According to Dutch professor Geert Hofstede,culture is a figment of our imagination.

Question 11

The Japanese transition into a more modern and stable securities market has been a smooth one.

Question 12

Marketers are often considered to be agents of change with respect to culture.

Question 13

The two social institutions that most strongly influence values and culture are governments and nonprofit institutions.

Question 14

According to the text,culture can trace its origins to geography,history,technology and political economy,and social institutions.

Question 15

In most cultures the first social institution infants are exposed to outside of the home takes the form of a church or other religious institution.

Question 16

Anthropologist Edward T.Hall tells us that culture is communication.

Question 17

Underlying the cultural diversity that exists among countries are fundamental differences in cultural values.

Question 18

Apparently obesity in the United States is causing Disneyland to deepen the channel on which its Small World boats float to keep the boats from bottoming out.

Question 19

Aspects of additional data sets related to values related to leadership and organizations developed in the 1990s coincide with Hofstede's data collected 25 years earlier.

Question 20

Culture affects every part of our lives,every day,from birth to death and everything in between.

Question 21

A good illustration of cultural borrowing is the fact that salsa is now the number one condiment used by Americans with their meals.

Question 22

The type of knowledge about a culture that is usually obvious and must be learned is designated as being interpretative knowledge.

Question 23

If there is anything constant about culture is that it is constantly changing.

Question 24

If a person has cultural sensitivity then the person is attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively,evaluated,and appreciated.

Question 25

Nike would be following a program of unplanned change if it were to introduce a line of tennis shoes for women (Nike Goddess)in a Muslim country with no prior marketing or communication efforts.

Question 26

When marketers first introduced the PDA to the American consumer they performed the role of being a(n)_____________ because the cultural impact of the product became widespread.

A)gatekeeper
B)role player
C)supply creator
D)agent of change
E)promoter

Question 27

Which of the following would be considered to among the elements of culture according to a model presented in the text?

A)family
B)religion
C)media
D)rituals
E)school

Question 28

Cultural borrowing is relevant only to those cultures formed in what was called the New World.

Question 29

With respect to a cultural fact,which of the following countries has the highest rate of consumption of chocolate?

A)France
B)Germany
C)United States
D)Italy
E)United Kingdom

Question 30

A researcher for the Gallup polling organization is designing a questionnaire that will explore people's attitudes toward the arts,folklore,and music.The researcher's survey will,therefore,explore people's attitudes toward what is called aesthetics.

Question 31

If we were to describe a culture as being dynamic,we would recognize that this culture was resistant to change.

Question 32

Jose and Mary Garcia,while both being Hispanic,are miles apart in their cultural upbringing.Jose,who grew up in Argentina,believes that time is unimportant in daily activities and that all things will eventually get done.Mary was raised in Los Angeles where everything is very time-oriented.These differences would be attributed to interpretative knowledge gained by the two Garcia's.

Question 33

According to Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede,culture is seen as a:

A)weapon that is often used on the poor.
B)problem-solving tool.
C)bias that is used to justify racial inequality.
D)a relationship enhancer.
E)reflection of a nation's evolution.

Question 34

According to information about beliefs found in the text,a Chinese man or woman who believed in feng shui would not face their home in either a northwesterly or southwesterly direction.

Question 35

According to Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede,culture is seen as:

A)"software of the mind."
B)"the difference between life and death."
C)"the conflict of civilization versus the masses."
D)"tool of the elite."
E)"art's triumph over banality."

Question 36

The sum total of knowledge,beliefs,art,morals,law,customs,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society is called:

A)Sociology
B)Psychology
C)Culture
D)Reference groups
E)Cohort groups

Question 37

__________ is pervasive in all marketing activities;the marketer's efforts actually become a part of the __________.

A)Resistance;opposition to change
B)Culture;fabric of culture
C)Acceptance;new global context
D)Public relations;culture
E)Change;marketing strategy

Question 38

An illustration of cultural congruence would be the fact that Apple Computer prints all instructions for setting up their computer products in English and the native language of the country where the product is to be sold.

Question 39

_____________ is the human-made part of human environment.

A)Sociology
B)Psychology
C)Culture
D)Reference groups
E)Cohort groups

Question 40

All of the following are considered to part of the origins of culture EXCEPT:

A)geography.
B)history.
C)technology and political economy.
D)mathematical models
E)social institutions.

Question 41

A traditional definition of ____________ centers around the notion that it is the sum of the values,rituals,symbols,beliefs,and thought processes that are learned,shared by a group of people,and transmitted from generation to generation.

A)social class
B)psychology
C)anthropology
D)demography
E)culture

Question 42

As Mike Jones has grown up he has learned a great about his culture from his schools,church,mass media,and family.This learning is called:

A)acculturation.
B)socialization.
C)naturalization.
D)emancipation.
E)adaptation.

Question 43

Many languages are very different from other languages.Which of the following languages is the most distant from English?

A)French.
B)German.
C)Spanish.
D)Arabic.
E)Taiwanese (Taiwan).

Question 44

Which of the following countries would have the most affinity (score highest)for collectivism (cohesive groups are honored and encouraged)?

A)Great Britain
B)Australia
C)Canada
D)France
E)Japan

Question 45

Rituals let people know:

A)what to expect.
B)what something costs.
C)how the government operates.
D)the impact of language.
E)the ancient rites of worship.

Question 46

The following traits have been identified as those shared by humans EXCEPT __________.

A)conceive of success and failure
B)overestimate objectivity of thought
C)express emotions with face
D)engage in sport activities
E)imitate outside influences

Question 47

The most useful information on how cultural values influence various types of business and market behavior comes from work done by:

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)George Gallup.
C)Geert Hofstede.
D)Ayn Rand.
E)Milton Friedman.

Question 48

In most cultures the first social institution infants are exposed to outside the home takes the form of a:

A)day care center.
B)school.
C)religious institution (church,mosque,shrine,or temple).
D)shopping mall.
E)government agency.

Question 49

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measure the tolerance of ___________ and __________ among members of a society.

A)social equality;inequality
B)self-interest;collective interest
C)uncertainty;ambiguity
D)primary;secondary language tolerance
E)ritual;dislocation

Question 50

According to the text,there is some good news about gender equality in recent years -- the __________ gap between the sexes is narrowing in many places around the world.

A)intelligence
B)employment
C)identity
D)education
E)language

Question 51

__________ are seen as leading positive cultural changes and progress around the world.

A)Schools
B)Sports stadiums
C)Labor unions
D)Dogmatic religions
E)Internet and television

Question 52

Compared with the early (during childhood)and direct influences of family,religion,school,and the media during childhood,governments:

A)hold a very strong position.
B)hold a moderate position.
C)hold relatively little sway.
D)control a great deal of our lives.
E)basically ignore people.

Question 53

Anthropologist Edward T.Hall tells us that culture is:

A)all-encompassing.
B)relatively minor in the scheme of life.
C)communication.
D)strongly linked to physiology.
E)standard throughout the world.

Question 54

The ________________ Index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest.

A)Individualism/Collectivism
B)Power Distance
C)Uncertainty Avoidance
D)Ritual
E)Language

Question 55

Giving a gift in another country requires careful attention if it is to be done properly.According to the characteristics of gift giving that follows,which country most likely matches with this form of gift giving? Characteristics: never make an issue of a gift presentation--publicly or privately;gifts should be presented privately,with the exception of collective ceremonial gifts at banquets or after speeches.

A)Arab World
B)United States
C)Japan
D)Latin America
E)China

Question 56

Which of the following countries scores highest on the Individualism/Collectivism Index meaning that this country values and rewards individual initiative more that the others cited?

A)Brazil
B)Greece
C)France
D)Germany
E)United States

Question 57

Emma Smith has just been hired as a consultant for the Smith Barney stock brokerage firm.Her task is to determine whether Smith Barney should use face-to-face contacts to encourage sales or the more impersonal electronic communications that have become so popular today.Her data indicates (based on reviews of Individualism/Collectivism studies)that all but one of the following countries would probably favor electronic communication.Which country would most likely favor face-to-face contact with a Smith Barney broker?

A)United States
B)Australia
C)Canada
D)Japan
E)Great Britain

Question 58

The family,religion,schools,the media,government,and corporations are all illustrations of what are called:

A)social institutions.
B)cultural icons.
C)internal variables.
D)external variables.
E)demographic variables.

Question 59

Mervin is excited about his new home in the Philippines.Even though he was born in Los Angeles,Mervin has been given the opportunity to learn about a new culture,form new friends,and capitalize on opportunities than were not available in his previous home or workplace.Mervin will go through what is called a ______________ as he adjusts to living in Manila.

A)acculturation
B)socialization
C)naturalization
D)emancipation
E)standardization

Question 60

The four social institutions that most strongly influence values and culture are schools,churches (religious institutions),families,and:

A)shopping malls.
B)day care centers.
C)government agencies.
D)the media.
E)corporations.

Question 61

Gin and Oki Chen are about to purchase a new home in San Francisco.The first home shown to the couple is a lovely ranch-style house.As Gin looks at the home she comments to the real estate broker,"This will never do.I am sorry but the front entrance faces northwest.No one would ever visit us.May we please see another house from your list." Her husband concurs.Which of the following would explain why Gin Chen's statement was so strong and why she would rather look at another home?

A)She is afraid of earthquakes in the San Francisco area.
B)She dislikes the color of the house but is afraid to say so because it would be rude.
C)She never has liked houses that face shaded areas.
D)She is from southern China and,therefore,prefers an entrance that faces southwest.
E)She respects traditional feng shui beliefs.

Question 62

Much of what we learn to believe comes from:

A)the media.
B)the Internet.
C)religious training.
D)biological heredity.
E)physiological need states.

Question 63

Morton Foods has decided to introduce a new line of turkey products to the American consumer.Turkey Steaks will resemble beefsteak in taste but will be made from turkey meat.The Turkey Steaks will be leaner and healthier for a variety of reasons.However,Morton Foods is concerned that the product will not be accepted.If Morton Foods follows a strategy of ______________,they are more likely to success with the introduction of the new product.

A)unplanned change
B)cultural adiaphoria
C)cultural syncopation
D)cultural congruence
E)continuous change

Question 64

______________ is being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively,evaluated,and appreciated.

A)Cultural ombudsmanship
B)Being a cultural icon
C)Being a cultural maven
D)Cultural sensitivity
E)Cultural borrowing

Question 65

Nexar Energy is advocating the use solar power to replace all petroleum-based energy sources.The company has demonstrations to show how solar power could be used in all major petroleum-based products--automobiles,power sources,and heating and cooling.Since Nexar Energy is advocating _____________,their information documents their deliberate attempt to change the way we do things with respect to energy sources.

A)unplanned change
B)planned change
C)parallel change
D)syncopated change
E)synergistic change

Question 66

According to text,innovations vary across cultures.In the Hofstede and other studies it was shown that innovation was associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

A)higher individualism
B)lower power distance
C)uncertainty avoidance
D)production and acceptance of innovations
E)customized disruptive innovations

Question 67

How people think and view the world is important to any cultural study of the international environment.According to a book written by Richard Nisbett,The Geography of Thought,Asians tend to:

A)prefer home cooking to fast food.
B)see the whole picture and can report details about background and foreground.
C)focus on small details in the foreground but cannot often see the "big picture."
D)see the world (surprisingly)in a similar way to everyone else.
E)see only what they want to see as they are very biased on their outlook on life.

Question 68

In many parts of the world language is itself thought of as a social institution (often with political importance).Which of the following countries best exemplifies the above statement?

A)Australia
B)United States
C)France
D)Mexico
E)Switzerland

Question 69

Marketers have two options when introducing an innovation to a culture.First,they can cause change.What is the other option?

A)They can wait.
B)They re-package the innovation to cause confusion.
C)They mandate adoption by withdrawing all alternatives.
D)They can plea for governmental assistance and support.
E)They can promote the innovation as accepted in other cultures.

Question 70

Which of the following general terms would most closely be associated with the arts,folklore,music,drama,and dance?

A)controllable environmental variables
B)uncontrollable environmental variables
C)aesthetics
D)cultural mandates
E)cultural icons

Question 71

Often,cultural resistance to change disappears as:

A)government mandates force consumers to change.
B)religion and rituals spark acceptance of cultural change.
C)change agents provide correct change.
D)superstition overcomes science.
E)ideas initially too complex for consumers become less so.

Question 72

Some studies have shown that one of the most important factors in determining what kind and how much of an innovation will be accepted is the:

A)degree of interest in the particular subject.
B)how much the item costs.
C)what color the item is.
D)how the item is packaged.
E)knowledge of the brand name.

Question 73

________________ is a responsible effort to learn from other's cultural ways in the quest for better solutions to a society's particular problems.

A)Cultural ombudsmanship
B)Being a cultural icon
C)Being a cultural maven
D)Cultural sensitivity
E)Cultural borrowing

Question 74

_____________ knowledge about a culture is an ability to understand and to appreciate fully the nuances of different cultural traits and patterns.

A)Factual
B)Interpretative
C)Virtual
D)Historical
E)Superstitious

Question 75

Factual knowledge is very important to understanding a culture.Which of the following would be the best illustration of this importance?

A)The Catholic religion is widespread throughout the world.
B)The United States is located in the Northern Hemisphere of what was called the New World.
C)98 percent of Mexico is Roman Catholic.
D)Great Britain is made up of England,Scotland,Ireland,and Wales.
E)Traffic laws requiring autos to travel on the right or left side of the road.

Question 76

____________ knowledge about a culture is usually obvious and must be learned.

A)Factual
B)Interpretative
C)Virtual
D)Historical
E)Superstitious

Question 77

The relationship between language and international marketing is an important factor that cannot be overestimated.Recent studies indicate that a new concept,__________,is proving useful to marketing researchers in market segmentation and strategic entry decisions.

A)linguistic traps
B)linguistic distance
C)language parallels
D)language roots
E)linguistic accents

Question 78

One of the ways to introduce change into a market is to do it in slow gradual steps by making the new products as similar to the old ones as possible.This would be called a strategy of:

A)unplanned change.
B)cultural adiaphoria.
C)cultural syncopation.
D)cultural congruence.
E)continuous change

Question 79

Modern medicine in the United States has been impacted by application of herbal remedies from South America and acupuncture from the Orient.This would be an example of which of the following?

A)Cultural ombudsmanship
B)Being a cultural icon
C)Being a cultural maven
D)Cultural sensitivity
E)Cultural borrowing

Question 80

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of cultural borrowing in the United States?

A)Eating three meals a day.
B)Working five days a week.
C)Eating salsa on just about everything.
D)The popularity of SUVs in suburban neighborhoods.
E)The popularity of basketball among urban youth.