Deck 5: Leader Emergence

Question 1

Institutionalized forms of power tend to buffer the organization from reality and obscure the demands of its environment.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In most societies,power organizes around abundant resources.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The forces that give rise to leadership do not reside totally in the leader.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The degree of entrenchment in the leader position is a function of the working relationship alone.

Question 5

The task-competent follower who conforms to the common expectancies of the group at one stage is not likely to emerge as a leader in the next stage.

Question 6

Power,according to Salancik and Pfeffer,derives from individuals rather than activities,and the power possessed by a leader is never absolute.

Question 7

The leader-follower relationship is not affected by group consent.

Question 8

Idiosyncrasy model suggests that group members' evaluation of others is not dependent on the degree to which they conform to expectations.

Question 9

Power is shared in organizations; and it is shared out of concern for principles of organizational development more than out of necessity.

Question 10

According to Bales and Hollander,task-focused behaviors are directed toward alleviating team members' task accomplishment concerns.

Question 11

When individuals do not agree about what the organization should do or how to do it,power and other social processes will affect decisions.

Question 12

Under conditions of uncertainty,most contestants are likely to develop counterarguments and oppositions and managers could find it difficult to win cases.

Question 13

For an individual to attain leadership,he/she must first be seen as competent in the group's central task.

Question 14

Status refers to the placement of an individual along a dimension,or in a hierarchy,by virtue of some criterion of value.

Question 15

The first step in determining the critical contingencies in an organizational environment is to construct an accurate model of that environment.

Question 16

One implication of the idea that power shifts with changes in organizational environments is that the dominant coalition will tend to be that group that is most appropriate for the organization's environment.

Question 17

The strategic-contingencies theory implies that when an organization faces a number of lawsuits that threaten its existence,the legal department will have less power and influence over organizational decisions.

Question 18

Idiosyncrasy credits are positively disposed impressions of a person held by others and operationally provide the basis for influence assertion and its acceptance.

Question 19

The article by Hollander defines conformity as group expectancies that may be person-specific and fluid or more generally applicable and static.

Question 20

The popularity viewpoint of group-emergent leadership is currently most popular among leadership views.

Question 21

idiosyncrasy credit theory provides insight into:

A)leadership withdrawal.
B)group perceptions.
C)leader emergence.
D)individual perceptions.

Question 22

_____ behaviors are directed toward alleviating team members' task accomplishment concerns and are instrumental in guiding the group in the achievement of its goals.

A)Task-focused
B)Person-oriented
C)Socioemotional
D)System-focused

Question 23

Authority,legitimization,and centralized control refer to which type of power?

A)Political power
B)Institutional power
C)Referent power
D)Status power

Question 24

Idiosyncrasy credits permit innovation in the group as evidence of social influence.Thus,the task-competent follower who:

A)behaves differently from others in the group is likely to emerge as the leader of the group/organization.
B)is the most intelligent and the most innovative is likely to become the leader of the group.
C)is the most popular and the most innovative is likely to emerge as a leader.
D)conforms to the common expectancies of the group at one stage may emerge as the leader at the next stage.

Question 25

According to Hollander,which of the following is particularly important in an individual's attainment of leadership?

A)Difference in group behavior
B)General knowledge of business
C)Competence in the group's central task
D)Years of experience with the group

Question 26

Much of the earlier sociometric studies had considered _____ as a feature of group-emergent leadership and was given disproportionate importance.

A)extraversion
B)popularity
C)emotional quotient
D)introversion

Question 27

The key manipulation in an experiment with problem-solving groups by Hollander was:

A)nonconformity by the confederate.
B)referent power of the group.
C)status of the confederate.
D)gender imbalance in the group.

Question 28

Power is used by subunits to enhance their own survival through:

A)control of abundant resources.
B)coercion and power sharing.
C)the control over less-critical resources.
D)the placement of allies in key positions.

Question 29

According to the idiosyncrasy model,group members evaluate other members in terms of:

A)the skills and abilities possessed by them.
B)the degree to which they conform to expectations.
C)the experience that they bring in to the organization.
D)the amount of tacit knowledge that they possess.

Question 30

Socioemotional behaviors are directed toward alleviating the team's social concerns by building:

A)conformity.
B)discipline.
C)efficiency.
D)trust.

Question 31

Emergent leadership results from an interaction between:

A)the different leadership approaches and styles.
B)various people in the organization and the resulting conflicts.
C)the sociological needs and the intrinsic needs of individuals.
D)the situational needs for certain knowledge,skills,and abilities,and the individual's knowledge,skills,and abilities.

Question 32

According to the text,in general,"leader" denotes an individual with a status that permits him/her to:

A)maximize the benefits and opportunities.
B)control and designate others.
C)exercise influence over certain other individuals.
D)bring about discipline in an organization or group.

Question 33

_____ refers to status as a summative consequence of being perceived by others as contributing to the group's task and living up to expectancies applicable at any given time.

A)Strategic contingency
B)Socioeconomic status
C)Membership character
D)Idiosyncrasy credit

Question 34

Bass's reference to figureheads suggests that in many organizational situations,people come to positions of leadership as a result of forces outside of the group per se.These individuals can be referred to as:

A)external leaders.
B)emergent leaders.
C)designated leaders.
D)contextual leaders.

Question 35

During the emergence stage of leadership,the emotional attachment that characterizes the leader-follower relationship is:

A)at best,in the early stages of development.
B)considerably weak in the early stages of development.
C)at a moderate level and improves in the later stages of emergence.
D)worst and is the biggest issue in leader emergence.

Question 36

_____ refers to the placement of an individual along a dimension or in a hierarchy,by virtue of some criterion of value.

A)Expectancy
B)Status
C)Conformity
D)Power

Question 37

Followers do not subordinate themselves to an individual whom they perceive:

A)as very different.
B)as very similar to them.
C)to be more powerful.
D)to be authoritative.

Question 38

At the emergence stage of leadership:

A)the strength of the psychological tie between the leader and follower is very strong.
B)the followers' trust in the leader is moderate to high as the expectations are high.
C)the amount of power surrendered is limited,and it has been surrendered tentatively.
D)the quality of the leader-member exchange (LMX) is significantly high.

Question 39

Group expectancies:

A)do not apply to all the members in the organization.
B)may be person-specific or more generally applicable.
C)always have a dynamic nature.
D)are unrelated to an individual's upward mobility.

Question 40

According to Brown,_____ refers to an individual's ability to be perceived as a member of a group in order to attain leadership.

A)individual belongingness
B)membership character
C)group conformity
D)leader popularity

Question 41

The _____ implies that subunits that contribute to the critical resources of the organization will gain influence in the organization.

A)strategic-contingencies model
B)great person theory
C)idiosyncrasy credit theory
D)contingency model of power

Question 42

According to the _____,to the extent that power is determined by the critical uncertainties and problems facing the organization and,in turn,influences decisions in the organization,the organization is aligned with the realities it faces.

A)idiosyncrasy credit theory
B)situational model
C)leadership-process model
D)strategic-contingencies theory

Question 43

Discuss power sharing and the impact of power sharing in organizations.

Question 44

What is status? What are its bases? What is its significance in leadership emergence?

Question 45

Explain leader entrenchment.

Question 46

What are the implications for the management of power in organizations?

Question 47

What is organizational power? Where does it come from?

Question 48

Power,because of the way it develops and the way it is used,will always result in:

A)the organization suboptimizing its performance.
B)the mandatory use of persuasive power.
C)the construction of an accurate model.
D)a high-performance organization.

Question 49

_____ is simply the ability to get things done the way one wants them to be done.

A)Power
B)Ability
C)Leadership
D)Influence

Question 50

According to Salancik and Pfeffer,why is power shared in organizations?

A)Out of concerns for principles of organizational development.
B)Participative democracy is supported by most governments.
C)No one person controls all the desired activities in the organization.
D)It brings about much more control in the organization.