Deck 15: Wood Light-Frame Construction-I

Question 1

The bottom plate in a WLF wall is called

A)a sill plate.
B)a sole plate.
C)A and B are synonymous terms.
D)either A or B, depending on the location of the wall.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A jack stud is always accompanied by a king stud.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A corner made by two WLF walls must have at least

A)two studs.
B)three studs.
C)four studs.
D)five studs.
E)six studs.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The type of WLF construction that has the largest amount of cross- grain lumber is a

A)portal frame.
B)skeleton frame.
C)balloon frame.
D)platform frame.
E)rigid frame.

Question 5

Roughly how old is WLF construction?

A)400 years
B)600 years
C)1,000 years
D)800 years
E)200 years

Question 6

In a WLF building, a floor framing plan indicates

A)the layout of studs and exterior wall sheathing.
B)the layout of studs and their spacing.
C)the layout of floor joists and blocking.
D)the layout of floor beams, studs, and wall sheathing.
E)the layout of floor joists, floor beams, and blocking.

Question 7

The header over an opening in a wall made of 2 × 6 studs consists of

A)three 2- by lumber members nailed together.
B)two 2- by lumber members nailed together with two intervening fillers.
C)two 2- by lumber members nailed together with three intervening fillers.
D)three 2- by lumber members nailed together with one intervening filler.
E)three 2- by lumber members nailed together with two intervening fillers.

Question 8

A non- load- bearing wall in a building is one that supports the loads from the roof but not from any floor.

Question 9

In a WLF wall assembly, a cripple stud is used

A)at a wall corner.
B)above a header or below rough sill.
C)at the ends of a wall opening.
D)at a wall T- junction.
E)both A and B.

Question 10

A sill plate in a WLF wall must be anchored to the foundation with at least

A)1/2- in.- diameter bolts spaced a maximum of 6 ft on centers.
B)3/4- in.- diameter bolts spaced a maximum of 6 ft on centers.
C)1- in.- diameter bolts spaced a maximum of 6 ft on centers.
D)1/4- in.- diameter bolts spaced a maximum of 6 ft on centers.
E)none of the above.

Question 11

A precut stud length equal to 7 ft 8- 5/8 in. is commonly used because

A)it is more energy efficient.
B)it permits the use of 1/2- in.- thick gypsum boards.
C)it provides a floor- to- ceiling height of 8 ft.
D)it permits the use of OSB sheathing; otherwise, more expensive plywood sheathing is needed.

Question 12

WLF construction originated in

A)France.
B)the United Kingdom.
C)Norway.
D)Australia.
E)the United States.

Question 13

A header over an opening bears directly on

A)king studs.
B)jack studs.
C)cripple studs.
D)common studs.

Question 14

The top plate in a WLF wall generally consists of

A)two 2- by members.
B)three 2- by members.
C)one 2- by member.
D)any one of the above, depending on architectural considerations.
E)none of the above.

Question 15

When WLF was first discovered, it was called a

A)portal frame.
B)platform frame.
C)balloon frame.
D)rigid frame.
E)skeleton frame.

Question 16

In time, the early version of WLF construction was modified to what is now called a

A)rigid frame.
B)balloon frame.
C)portal frame.
D)skeleton frame.
E)platform frame.

Question 17

The framing members in a WLF building are generally

A)2- by solid lumber members.
B)4- by solid lumber members.
C)3- by solid lumber members.
D)1- by solid lumber members.
E)none of the above.

Question 18

In the early version of WLF construction, the studs were continuous from the foundation to the roof.

Question 19

The center- to- center spacings of framing members in a WLF building are generally

A)12 in., 24 in., or 36 in.
B)2 ft, 3 ft, or 4 ft.
C)4 ft, 6 ft, or 8 ft.
D)12 in., 16 in., or 24 in.
E)Virtually any spacing may be used, depending on the architectural and structural considerations.

Question 20

The center- to- center spacing of framing members in a WLF building is mainly based on

A)insulation requirements.
B)structural considerations.
C)the size of sheathing panels.
D)age- old practice.
E)B and C.

Question 21

Because a ridge board is a structural member, its size depends on roof loads.

Question 22

The type of construction that can be achieved with wood light- frame members is

A)Type II(A)or Type II(B).
B)Type I(A)or Type 1(B).
C)Type V(A)or Type V(B).
D)Type III(A)or Type III(B).
E)Type III(A), III(B), V(A), or V(B).

Question 23

A rectangular roof with hip ends on two sides has

A)no eaves.
B)eave on one side.
C)eaves on all four sides.
D)eaves on three sides.
E)eaves on two sides.

Question 24

The maximum number of stories allowed by the International Building Code for a fully sprinklered, R- 2 occupancy building in Type V(B)construction is

A)four.
B)five.
C)two.
D)three.

Question 25

The most commonly used material for floor sheathing in a wood light- frame building is

A)gypsum board panels.
B)high- density fiber board panels laminated to gypsum board.
C)OSB panels.
D)1 × 4 lumber.
E)high- density fiber board panels.

Question 26

Metal clips used to connect roof sheathing panels are generally

A)U- shaped.
B)V- shaped.
C)H- shaped.
D)either U- or V- shaped.

Question 27

The primary purpose of full- depth blocking in a floor frame is to

A)prevent buckling of floor joists.
B)give additional nailing surface for a gypsum board ceiling.
C)give additional nailing surface for floor sheathing.
D)reduce compressive stresses in floor joists.
E)reduce tensile stresses in floor joists.

Question 28

In a roof with a ridge beam,

A)ceiling joists are spaced at 12 in. on center maximum.
B)ceiling joists are spaced at 24 in. on center maximum.
C)ceiling joists are spaced at 16 in. on center maximum.
D)none of the above.

Question 29

A roof with gable ends on both sides in a rectangular building has

A)eaves on two sides.
B)no eaves.
C)eaves on all four sides.
D)eaves on three sides.
E)eave on one side.

Question 30

In referring to a floor or roof of a building as a horizontal diaphragm, the reference is with respect to

A)gravity loads.
B)lateral loads.
C)both gravity and lateral loads.
D)none of the above.

Question 31

In the building industry, the slope of a roof is generally expressed

A)in degrees.
B)in radians.
C)as a run- to- rise ratio.
D)as a rise- to- run ratio.
E)none of the above.

Question 32

A bird's mouth cut in rafters is made at the ridge.

Question 33

In a podium- type building, the horizontal separation assembly must have a minimum fire rating of

A)1 h.
B)2 h.
C)4 h.
D)3 h.
E)none of the above.

Question 34

A wood light- frame building is essentially a

A)load- bearing- wall structure.
B)frame structure.

Question 35

If the cross- grain lumber dimensions in a WLF building are the same throughout the entire building, it is not subjected to any swelling or shrinkage.

Question 36

Hold- down bolts, when provided in a WLF wall building, are used in

A)floors.
B)the roof.
C)walls.

Question 37

The structure below the podium in a podium- type building must be fully sprinklered only if used for automobile parking.

Question 38

A floor in a WLF building that supports a non- load- bearing wall generally requires no additional strengthening or stiffening when

A)the wall runs parallel to floor joists.
B)the wall runs perpendicular to floor joists.

Question 39

Blocking between floor joists is required where

A)the joists bear on a beam.
B)the joists bear on a wall.
C)the joists are hung on a beam using joist hangers.
D)all of the above.
E)both A and B.

Question 40

The podium structure in a podium- type building must be Type I(A)construction.

Question 41

Balloon- frame wood construction preceded the contemporary platform- frame wood construction. What was the primary limitation of balloon frame that led to its evolution into platform frame?

Question 42

In platform- frame construction, the wall framing, floor framing, and roof framing have one thing in common in that each is made of closely- spaced, parallel lumber members that are joined together at each end by a continuous cross member that is perpendicular to the parallel members. Name the cross members in roof framing, i.e., the members that connect the rafter- ceiling joist assembly members together.

Question 43

Explain what a floor framing plan is.

Question 44

If a ridge beam is used in place of a ridge board in a two- way pitched roof, ceiling joists are unnecessary. Explain why.

Question 45

Explain what a ridge board is.

Question 46

What is the minimum thickness of ridge board required by the building codes?

Question 47

Where does one come across balloon frame construction these days?

Question 48

The bottom plate in a wood light- frame wall assembly is called a sole plate or sill plate. Explain the difference between the two terms.

Question 49

Explain what a load- bearing element is.

Question 50

What is the minimum number of studs required at a corner in a wood light- frame wall?

Question 51

Most framing members in wood light- frame construction are 2- by members. What are the most commonly used sizes for: (i)studs, (ii)floor joists, and (iii)roof rafters?

Question 52

Explain why a laminated veneer lumber (LVL)member may be used as ridge board.

Question 53

The standard spacings of framing members in wood light- frame construction (such as studs, floor joists, and rafters)are 12 in., 16 in., or 24 in. What is the rationale behind these spacings?

Question 54

A double top plate is commonly used in wood light- frame wall assemblies. What is the primary reason for doubling the top plate, i.e., why not use a single top plate?

Question 55

In platform- frame construction, the wall framing, floor framing, and roof framing have one thing in common in that each is made of closely- spaced, parallel lumber members that are joined together at each end by a continuous cross member that is perpendicular to the parallel members. Name the cross members in wall framing, i.e., the members that connect the studs together.

Question 56

What is in- line framing with respect to the location of floor joists or rafters on a wood light- frame wall assembly? Is in- line framing used in contemporary wood frame construction?

Question 57

In platform- frame construction, the wall framing, floor framing, and roof framing have one thing in common in that each is made of closely- spaced, parallel lumber members that are joined together at each end by a continuous cross member that is perpendicular to the parallel members. Name the cross members in floor framing, i.e., the members that connect the floor joists together.

Question 58

In a typical wood light- frame construction, which framing members are required to be preservative treated?

Question 59

A double top plate in a wood light- frame wall assembly functions as a beam that allows the offsetting of floor joists or rafters from the underlying studs. Are there any limitations to the amount of offset? Explain.

Question 60

Which of the two systems of wood frame construction-balloon frame and platform frame-is more dimensionally stable and why?

Question 61

Explain why we use 12 in., 16 in., or 24 in. as center- to- center spacing of framing members in a wood light- frame structure.

Question 62

The shortening in the height of wood light- frame construction (WLF)presents greater problems with increasing height of the structure. What are building code requirements in this respect?

Question 63

In a podium construction, which structural material is commonly used for the podium floor and below- podium building?

Question 64

The most commonly used contemporary construction for midrise, multifamily residential buildings in the U.S. is podium construction. What is meant by a podium in this case?

Question 65

Show in plan at least two alternative arrangements of studs at a wall corner.

Question 66

Using a sketch, show the typical detail of anchorage of a sill plate to the foundation.

Question 67

With the help of three- dimensional sketches, show the configuration of a (a)gable- end roof, (b)hip- end roof, and (c)lean- to (shed)roof.

Question 68

Describe various functions of wall sheathing in a wood light- frame building.

Question 69

One of the major disadvantages of wood light- frame (WLF)construction is the shortening in the height of the structure. Give the causes for this phenomenon.

Question 70

Explain the difference between a ridge board and a ridge beam, and indicate where each is required.

Question 71

Describe in general what sheathing is. Which components of a wood frame building need sheathing?

Question 72

Using a three- dimensional sketch and notes, explain the composition of a typical header over an opening in a wall made of 2 × 6 studs.

Question 73

Using sketches and notes, explain how the two top plate members are connected at a wall (a)corner and (b)T- junction.

Question 74

Sketch in elevation the typical arrangement of studs around a wall opening. Name all the important framing members.

Question 75

Explain why the top plate in a wall assembly is generally made of two 2- by members.