Deck 7: Volcano Processes and Deadly Events

Question 1

In 1985,this volcano produced a minor eruption that melted part of a glacier near its summit,sending a lahar down its slopes and killing at least 22,000 people:

A)Vesuvius,Italy
B)Mont Pelée,Martinique
C)Mt.Mayon,Philippines
D)Nevado Del Ruiz,Colombia
E)Popocatepetyl,Mexico

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A genuine success story of advance warning before a large eruption occurred in the Philippines in 1991 before the climactic eruption of _________________.

A)Mt.Pinatubo
B)Nevado Del Ruiz
C)Mont Pelée
D)Mt.Mayon
E)Popocatepetyl

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In August 1986,a gigantic volume of gas belched forth from Lake Nyos in Cameroon and swept down the adjacent valleys asphyxiating 1700 people.The gas was _____________.

A)sulfur dioxide
B)carbon dioxide
C)hydrogen sulfide
D)carbon monoxide
E)super heated H₂O

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During the summer of 1783,the greatest lava eruption of historic times poured forth at _________,accompanied by the release of an enormous volume of gases that enshrouded much of northern Europe in a "dry fog" or blue haze rich in SO₂ (one of the visible components of today's urban smog).

A)Mont Blanc,France
B)Vesuvius,Italy
C)Stromboli,Italy
D)Ararat,Turkey
E)Laki,Iceland

Question 5

In August 1986,a gigantic volume of carbon dioxide gas belched forth from ____________ and swept down the adjacent valleys asphyxiating 1700 people.

A)Lake Nyos in Cameroon
B)Crater Lake in Oregon
C)Krakatau in Indonesia
D)Pinatubo in the Philippines
E)Vesuvius in Italy

Question 6

Violent causes of death from volcanic eruptions include _______________.

A)pyroclastic flows
B)tsunami
C)lahars
D)poison gases
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Ways of generating pyroclastic flows include ______________.

A)dome collapse as at Mt.Unzen,1991
B)overspilling of crater rim as at Mont Pelée,1902-1903
C)directed blast as at Mt.St.Helens,1980,and Mt.Pinatubo,1991
D)eruption column collapse at Mt.Mayon
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

The two most active Cascade Range volcanoes over the past 4000 years are _______________.

A)Mt.Rainier and Mt.Adams
B)Mt.Shasta and Mt.Jefferson
C)Mt.Baker and Mt.Hood
D)Mt.St.Helens and Mt.Shasta
E)Lassen Peak and Newberry Volcano

Question 9

On 8 May 1902,a massive eruption of this volcano killed 30,000 people in the town of St.Pierre.The volcano was _______________________.

A)Mont Pelée,Martinique
B)Vesuvius,Italy
C)Krakatau,Indonesia
D)Mt.St.Helens,Washington
E)Nevado Del Ruiz,Colombia

Question 10

The jokulhaup that occurred in 1996 in Iceland _______________________.

A)melted part of the ice cap,releasing a flood that at its peak flowed as the second largest river in the world
B)filled the harbor of Vestmannaeyjar with lava
C)released poisonous gases that killed most of Iceland's cattle and sheep,leading to famine
D)was triggered by a magnitude 6 earthquake
E)produced a lahar that buried 5 small towns

Question 11

The energy behind the 1902 pyroclastic flow that destroyed St.Pierre came from _________________.

A)the blast of the volcano
B)gravity
C)gas escaping from pieces of airborne pyroclastic material,creating a "popcorn" effect
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

During the 1990's,hundreds of trees were killed at Mammoth Mountain,California,by the diffuse emission of _________ gas.

A)O₂
B)SiO₂
C)CO
D)CO₂
E)H₂S

Question 13

In 1883,Edvard Munch created his famous painting The Scream after witnessing a blood red sky over Oslo,Norway,caused by the eruption of _________.

A)Laki Volcano,Iceland
B)Vesuvius Volcano,Italy
C)Tambora Volcano,Indonesia
D)Krakatau Volcano,Indonesia
E)Pinatubo Volcano,Philippines

Question 14

In the United States,there was great concern in the early 1980s when earthquakes were frequent,including harmonic tremor,and four magnitude 6 earthquakes caused damage near this volcanic center.

A)Long Valley caldera in California
B)Valles caldera in New Mexico
C)Yellowstone National Park,Wyoming
D)Mt.St.Helens,Washington
E)Crater Lake,Oregon

Question 15

In 1883,this volcano exploded and the resulting tsunami killed 36,000 people on Java and Sumatra.

A)Tambora
B)Pelée
C)Santorini
D)Toba
E)Krakatau

Question 16

Many of the deaths at Mt.St.Helens on May 18,1980 were related to ________________.

A)the earthquake that preceded the eruption
B)people being overcome by fast-flowing basaltic lava
C)ash fall hundreds of miles away
D)suffocation from a carbon dioxide cloud
E)the effects of lateral blast

Question 17

Active volcanoes today in Oregon and Washington,including Mt.St.Helens,result from _________________.

A)heat generated by friction on the San Andreas Fault
B)the subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath North America
C)
The subduction of the Pacific plate beneath North America
D)spreading of the Juan de Fuca ridge
E)continent-continent collision

Question 18

The eruption of Mt.Pinatubo in 1991 endangered people,animals,and property because of __________________.

A)massive lava flows
B)lahars and pyroclastic flows
C)acid rain
D)pelting lapili
E)poisonous gases

Question 19

Mt.Rainier,Washington,is number one on the danger list of many volcanologists because of ____________.

A)its great height
B)its extensive glacial cap
C)its frequent earthquakes
D)its active hot-water spring systems,which have weakened the mountain internally
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Several geologic phenomena are being studied as signs of an impending volcanic eruption.These include seismic waves,______________,and the release of gases.

A)ground deformation
B)flash floods
C)landslides
D)hymenoptra behavior
E)unusual animal behavior

Question 21

The largest lava dome known is Mt.Lassen,California.

Question 22

In 1973 the town of Vestmannaeyjar on the island of Heimaey (off the coast of Iceland),was devastated by pyroclastic flows which completely filled and closed the town's harbor.

Question 23

Nuee ardente (French for glowing cloud)is another term used to describe a lava flow.

Question 24

The plate-tectonic process responsible for volcanoes in the Pacific Northwest region of North America is identical to the cause of the region's great earthquakes-subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate.

Question 25

The eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Columbia in 1985 dropped hot pyroclastic debris onto glaciers,resulting in lahars.

Question 26

Pyroclastic flows can travel across bodies of water.

Question 27

At Mt.St.Helens,about 60 people were killed in 1980,primarily by pyroclastic flows and effects related to lateral blast.

Question 28

Pyroclastic flows cannot travel down all sides of a volcano simultaneously.

Question 29

The Pacific Northwest of the United States (Washington and Oregon)has long-term risk for both explosive volcanic eruptions and a moment-magnitude earthquake of around 9.

Question 30

In Icelandic-type eruptions,low viscosity,low-volatile content lava erupts peacefully.

Question 31

The most dangerous volcanoes tend to be in the same general plate tectonic settings as the largest earthquakes in the world.

Question 32

The radiocarbon process of documenting major eruption dates for volcanoes in the past 50,000 years or so is the same as that used to work out dates of major prehistoric earthquakes.

Question 33

At Lake Nyos in 1986,a gas cloud wiped out all plant and animal life,as well as killed 1700 people.

Question 34

Magma at spreading centers is low-temperature,low-viscosity,and basaltic,with easy escape of gases,providing all the factors that promote the peaceful eruption of magma.