Deck 1: The Collision of Cultures

Question 1

The newest theories of early native migration from Asia to the Americas include:

A) This migration came much earlier than previously thought.
B) The Bering Land Bridge was the only avenue of migration.
C) Changes in Asia's climate drove natives to the Americas.
D) The natives built advanced sailing vessels for long seagoing voyages.
E) Early Asian societies drove these natives out and ultimately they settled in the Americas.

Answer 1

This migration came much earlier than previously thought.

Question 2

Ferdinand and Isabella forced Muslims and Jews to either become Christians or leave Spain.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Francis Drake was one of the most famous English pirates.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Traditionally, scholars have believed that Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia into North America:

A) in response to global warming
B) in pursuit of large game animals
C) beginning about a thousand years ago
D) to escape tribal warfare in Asia
E) in search of a disease-free environment

Question 5

Christopher Columbus had to convince his sponsors that the best route to Asia was by sailing west.

Question 6

From AD 300 to 900, which group in Middle America (Mesoamerica) developed large cities, including gigantic pyramids?

A) Aztecs
B) Incas
C) Mayas
D) Pueblos
E) Caribs

Question 7

The city of Tenochtitlán was founded in 1325 by the:

A) Mayas
B) Chibchas
C) Incas
D) Aztecs
E) Anasazi

Question 8

Early Indian civilizations considered land and people sacred and did not make war or exploit the environment.

Question 9

Calvinism stressed tolerance and liberal theology rather than a strict moral code.

Question 10

The Aztecs:

A) were the most advanced example of the Adena-Hopewell culture
B) had an empire of perhaps 5 million people in Mexico
C) absorbed the Mayas around 1425
D) succumbed to the Toltecs around AD 900
E) were a peaceful, nomadic people

Question 11

The Indian tribes of the Pacific Northwest were largely agricultural.

Question 12

The presence of horses greatly disrupted the ecology of the Great Plains.

Question 13

Before the arrival of the Europeans, the horse was an important part of every New World culture.

Question 14

Ferdinand Magellan's ship was the first to sail around the world.

Question 15

The New World was named for the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

Question 16

Many of the New World's early explorers were looking for a shorter and safer route around Africa to India.

Question 17

Virginia Dare, of Roanoke Island, was the first British child born in the New World.

Question 18

Those who wanted to purify the Church of England were called "Puritans."

Question 19

The introduction of Indian foods such as corn and potatoes spurred a dramatic increase in Europe's population.

Question 20

The Church of England was established by gradually integrating Calvinism with English Catholicism.

Question 21

At the time Europeans arrived in North America, Indians

A) had largely died off from contagious diseases
B) all spoke dialects of the same language
C) were producing tools and weapons of iron
D) fed themselves exclusively through farming
E) tended to worship spirits in their natural surroundings

Question 22

In most cases, Spanish explorers and soldiers who came to the New World were motivated by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) religious zeal
B) desire to serve their fellow man
C) pursuit of riches
D) desire for power
E) patriotism

Question 23

After the arrival of Europeans, the greatest number of Indians died as a result of:

A) depression
B) starvation
C) battle
D) disease
E) enslavement

Question 24

Food crops exported from the Americas:

A) were more valuable to Europeans than gold or silver
B) allowed a population explosion
C) included the meat of cattle and pigs
D) made Spain the most powerful nation in Europe
E) included commodities like rice and wheat previously unknown in Europe

Question 25

On his first voyage, Columbus:

A) explored a number of Caribbean islands
B) landed on the mainland of North America
C) realized he had discovered a new world
D) expressed his kind intentions toward the Indians
E) ensured that he would be wealthy for life

Question 26

All of the following are true of the Anasazis EXCEPT that they:

A) lacked a rigid class structure
B) engaged in warfare only for self-defense
C) lived in the Southwest
D) were transformed by the arrival of horses
E) were threatened by a prolonged drought

Question 27

Columbus succeeded in:

A) finding a water route to Asia
B) proving the world was round
C) inspiring subsequent European explorations
D) bringing the benefits of European civilization to the Indians
E) finding rich sources of rubies and diamonds

Question 28

Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World in:

A) Venezuela
B) Panama
C) Jamaica
D) Florida
E) the Bahamas

Question 29

John Cabot's crossing of the Atlantic in 1497 resulted in his:

A) sighting of the Pacific
B) sailing around the tip of South America
C) discovery of a shortcut to China
D) exploration of Florida
E) making landfall in present-day Canada

Question 30

Which of the following would NOT characterize the Mississippi Indian culture?

A) towns built around plazas and temples
B) cliff dwellings and widespread use of irrigation
C) cultivation of corn, beans, and squashes
D) ceremonial human torture and sacrifice
E) extensive trading activities

Question 31

By 1492, united kingdoms in western Europe included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Italy
B) England
C) Spain
D) Portugal
E) France

Question 32

Ancient Greeks:

A) knew of the existence of the New World
B) measured longitude at sea
C) used printing presses
D) knew of the riches of China and Japan
E) knew that the world was round

Question 33

Which of the following animals were NOT found in the New World before the Europeans arrived?

A) flying squirrels and catfish
B) bison and opossums
C) sheep and pigs
D) turkeys and llamas
E) rattlesnakes and iguanas

Question 34

In 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) capture Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Spain
B) force Jews to either convert or leave Spain
C) sponsor Columbus's first voyage across the Atlantic
D) begin to build an overseas empire
E) unite Spain and Portugal under one crown

Question 35

After defeating the native forces at Veracruz, Cortés:

A) ordered all the defeated people to worship him as a god
B) instructed all the defeated people to move out of the area
C) insisted that all female prisoners be executed
D) invited the warriors to join his advance on the Aztecs
E) received permission from the governor of Cuba to go further

Question 36

European exploration of the Americas was greatly assisted by:

A) increased literacy
B) the Reformation
C) new sailing technologies
D) decentralized European nation states
E) the decline of European monarchies

Question 37

The arrival of Europeans in the Americas was driven by:

A) a need to escape their home countries
B) an adventurous curiosity
C) a powerful greed to conquer and hold land
D) competition between nations for the India trade
E) the struggle for gold and slaves

Question 38

The extensive lands controlled by Muslims:

A) hindered European trade routes to Asia
B) were forfeited with the success of the Crusades
C) lessened European interest in spices from Asia
D) included France and Holland
E) made many Christians begin to doubt their faith

Question 39

Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the New World?

A) beans
B) corn
C) potatoes
D) squash
E) rice

Question 40

The first Europeans to sail around Africa and on to India were the:

A) Portuguese
B) Spaniards
C) English
D) Italians
E) Irish

Question 41

The original Spanish settlement of New Mexico:

A) sought to Christianize Plains tribes like the Apaches
B) was enriched by discoveries of gold and silver
C) ended when Santa Fe was abandoned in 1620
D) was led by Juan de Oñate
E) soon had a larger population than Mexico City

Question 42

By the seventeenth century, the Indian population in Spain's New World empire had decreased by about:

A) 5 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 90 percent
E) 10 percent

Question 43

Horses became so valuable in North America they:

A) intensified intertribal competition and warfare
B) were very hard to purchase
C) became the sole responsibility of men
D) were rarely used for hunting due to the dangers involved
E) were worshipped as gods

Question 44

During Cortés's siege of Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs were especially weakened by:

A) the death of Montezuma
B) cannon fire
C) smallpox
D) a crisis of religious faith
E) a series of natural disasters

Question 45

The Protestant Reformation in England:

A) occurred more for political reasons than because of disagreement about religious doctrine
B) was almost undone when Elizabeth tried to reimpose Catholicism
C) was led by John Calvin
D) occurred prior to the Reformation in Germany
E) led to the overthrow of Henry VIII

Question 46

The primary objective of the thousands of priests in New Spain was to:

A) bless marriages
B) establish towns
C) educate Spanish colonists
D) serve as government officials
E) convert the Indians

Question 47

The encomienda system:

A) kept the Portuguese out of Mexico
B) allowed privileged Spanish landowners to control Indian villages
C) benefited the Native American populations of Spanish America
D) allowed Mayan and Incan leaders to become very wealthy through the labor of their people
E) was replicated by the English in their later New World colonies

Question 48

A central element of John Calvin's theology was his belief in:

A) salvation through good works
B) predestination
C) infant baptism
D) papal infallibility
E) the basic truth of all religions

Question 49

The Protestant Reformation was launched in Europe by:

A) Henry VIII
B) John Calvin
C) Martin Luther
D) Charles V of Spain
E) Isaac Newton

Question 50

The introduction of horses to Plains tribes:

A) unilaterally bettered the lives of their women
B) lessened their dependence on bison
C) replaced dogs as beasts of burden
D) minimally altered the ecology of the Great Plains
E) made them less nomadic

Question 51

Cortez was primarily motivated by:

A) his commitment to the supremacy of Spain
B) a desire to organize encomiendas
C) a drive to spread Christianity among native Americans
D) his powerful sense of racial superiority
E) Aztec gold

Question 52

Dutch sailors, like Sir Francis Drake, were essentially:

A) slave traders
B) explorers
C) missionaries
D) pirates
E) deep-sea fishermen

Question 53

Which is NOT true of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?

A) Indians forced the Spaniards to temporarily retreat.
B) Indians attacked numerous churches and priests.
C) It occurred in New Mexico.
D) It led the Spaniards to immediately colonize Texas and California.
E) It was led by an Indian named Popé.

Question 54

Spanish explorers of North America such as Narvaez, de Soto, and Coronado:

A) found large deposits of gold and silver
B) established numerous permanent settlements
C) added to the knowledge of the continent's interior
D) converted many Indians to Christianity
E) journeyed as far north as current-day Canada

Question 55

During Queen Elizabeth's reign:

A) Catholicism again became the official religion
B) archbishops and bishops were eliminated in the Church of England
C) her subjects gained true religious freedom
D) some Calvinists separated from the Church of England
E) England became militarily weak and politically unstable

Question 56

In 1565, the first European town was established in the current-day United States at:

A) Santa Fe
B) St. Augustine
C) Jamestown
D) Plymouth
E) San Antonio

Question 57

The French captain, Jacques Cartier, most importantly explored the:

A) Caribbean
B) Mississippi River
C) Great Lakes
D) St. Lawrence River
E) Hudson Bay

Question 58

The presidios established by the Spaniards in the Southwest housed:

A) missionaries
B) settlers
C) soldiers
D) ranchers
E) explorers

Question 59

A central element of Aztec religion:

A) maintained that its god was a woman
B) required the Aztecs to live at peace with their neighbors
C) required offerings of human blood
D) repudiated ritual sacrifices
E) was infant baptism

Question 60

The government of Spain in the New World differed from that of the later British colonies in that:

A) Spain permitted a greater degree of self-government in its colonies
B) there was less bureaucracy associated with the government of the Spanish colonies
C) every detail of colonial administration was closely regulated by the Spanish king
D) Spain completely uprooted the native cultures it encountered
E) Spaniards were more likely to settle as families

Question 61

Discuss the impact of horses on the Great Plains. Be sure to include short-term as well as long-term consequences.

Question 63

The explorer Sir Humphrey Gilbert:

A) was lost at sea
B) founded the Roanoke colony
C) became a notorious pirate
D) married Queen Elizabeth
E) was an English captain hired by the French

Question 64

Describe the role that disease played in the conquest of American natives.

Question 65

The title of this chapter is "The Collision of Cultures." In what ways is this phrase an accurate assessment of the early relationship between the Old World and the New World?

Question 66

The English attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island resulted in:

A) a severe blow to Spanish power
B) a permanent English presence in North America
C) a severe blow to English power
D) the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh
E) the disappearance of the colonists

Question 67

Explain the impact of the Protestant Reformation on the settlement of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 68

The Spanish Armada:

A) attempted to invade England
B) was a treasure fleet attacked by the English
C) was destroyed by a storm before it left Spain
D) caused Spain to give up New World colonization as a result of its defeat
E) broke English naval power for a century

Question 69

A major reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was:

A) storms in the North Sea
B) Elizabeth's brilliance as a naval strategist
C) the incompetence of the Spanish captains
D) the greater size of the English vessels
E) inaccurate Spanish maps and compasses

Question 70

Explain the origins of the American Indians and compare the general cultures that they developed in South, North, and Central America.

Question 71

Explain the various factors of the European Renaissance that prompted and promoted the exploration and settlement of the New World.

Question 72

Which country did Sir Walter Raleigh argue should establish colonies in the New World?

A) England
B) France
C) Holland
D) Spain
E) Portugal

Question 73

Discuss the voyages of Columbus. What motivated him, and what did he accomplish on each trip? How did Columbus deal with those who doubted his claims?

Question 74

Describe the great biological exchange between the Old and New Worlds. Discuss what each world gained from the other.

Question 75

In 1600, which European nation seemed to have the best chance at eventually controlling what is now the United States? Why?

Question 76

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.

Question 77

Describe the development of Spanish rule over its territory in America.