Deck 32: Rebellion and Reaction: the 1960s and 1970s

Question 1

César Chávez served in the army during WWII.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) resolved to use its huge oil supplies as a political and economic weapon.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

President Ford vetoed more bills than any previous president.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

By 1960-1961, a number of students had become inspired to become social reform activists by:

A) the fear of getting drafted and sent to Vietnam
B) the example of the civil rights movement
C) the boredom and restrictions of campus life
D) musicians and protest singers with political agendas
E) the need to rebel against their conservative parents

Question 5

For pardoning Nixon, President Ford suffered a huge decline in his popularity.

Question 6

In 1964, the University of California at Berkeley:

A) was the site of a free-speech movement (FSM)
B) remained racially segregated
C) was shut down by antiwar protestors
D) became the birthplace of the counterculture
E) was the scene of a bloody confrontation between students and the National Guard

Question 7

The Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) in the early 1960s:

A) was dominated by the Weathermen
B) was a leading proponent of the sexual revolution
C) was the youth wing of the Democratic party
D) looked to the Socialists and Communists of the Depression era for inspiration
E) challenged established authority in favor of "participatory democracy"

Question 8

Unemployment jumped to 9 percent in 1975, and the annual rate of inflation had reached double digits.

Question 9

When North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam in 1975, U.S. troops were sent back into the region.

Question 10

Richard Nixon was impeached for Watergate-related offenses.

Question 11

President Nixon strongly supported court efforts to complete school desegregation.

Question 12

César Chávez became the first Hispanic mayor of a major city when he was elected in Los Angeles.

Question 13

In 1960, unemployment among Native Americans was ten times the national average, their life expectancy was 20 years lower, and their suicide rate was 100 times greater.

Question 14

In 1968, students managed to shut down Columbia University.

Question 15

In 1971, Nixon imposed wage and price restrictions in an effort to curb inflation.

Question 16

Within days of the U.S. withdrawal, the cease-fire in Vietnam collapsed.

Question 17

Nixon and his White House aides tried to cover up the Watergate break-in.

Question 18

Hispanic was originally a term for any immigrant in Chicago.

Question 19

The New Left came together in opposition to Richard Nixon's policies.

Question 20

Young men were able to avoid service in Vietnam by all of the following methods EXCEPT:

A) joining VISTA or the Peace Corps
B) fleeing to Canada or Sweden
C) obtaining conscientious objector status
D) going to prison
E) failing the physical examination on purpose

Question 21

By 2012, Hispanics:

A) still rarely voted
B) had become the country's largest minority
C) had attained equality with whites in average income levels
D) launched their own political party
E) no longer desired to speak Spanish

Question 22

The "silent majority":

A) quietly approved of the social and cultural changes of the 1960s
B) was anti-Vietnam War though not involved in open protest
C) was growing weaker by the early 1970s
D) were not fans of TV's Archie Bunker
E) supported politicians like Richard Nixon

Question 23

The energy crisis of the early 1970s increased support for:

A) consumption
B) travel and tourism
C) environmentalism
D) suburbanization
E) socialism

Question 24

The youths of the counterculture:

A) came primarily from poor or working-class families
B) congregated in the Watts district of Los Angeles
C) were the direct descendants of the Beats of the 1950s
D) believed that electoral politics would solve society's problems
E) preferred urban surroundings to a rural life in contact with nature

Question 25

All of the following are true of César Chávez EXCEPT that he:

A) used boycotts to pressure grape growers
B) was founder and leader of the United Farm Workers
C) as a young man, worked as a migrant laborer in farm fields
D) was committed to nonviolent tactics
E) failed to secure collective bargaining rights for farm workers

Question 26

In their role at the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago, the Yippies could best be described as:

A) political philosophers
B) terrorists
C) political activists
D) artists
E) pranksters

Question 27

At the Altamont concert in 1969:

A) Hells Angels killed a man in front of the stage
B) the Beatles gave their last performance
C) the violence of the hippies was fully displayed
D) a huge crowd enjoyed three days of "peace and music"
E) the Rolling Stones recorded live their most classic psychedelic album

Question 28

The hippie movement ultimately:

A) disappeared once the draft was ended
B) won over much of Middle America to its perspective
C) was limited to San Francisco
D) began to wane as counterculture had become counterproductive
E) got involved in civil rights activism and the war on poverty

Question 29

The term Hispanic referred to:

A) an increasing opposition of Latin Americans to the Vietnam War
B) Mexican American opposition to illegal immigration
C) efforts of Latin Americans to make Spanish the national language
D) growing political assertiveness among Mexican Americans
E) the New Left's major influence upon young Mexicans

Question 30

At Columbia University in 1968:

A) anti-war students disrupted a speech by President Johnson
B) the Yippies held their founding convention
C) students successfully fought for free tuition
D) a student strike shut down the campus
E) the presence of military recruiters sparked a riot

Question 31

Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique:

A) celebrated the cult of female domesticity
B) explained the unhappiness of so many middle-class women
C) told women how to better please their husbands
D) painted an ideal portrait of suburban living
E) argued that women should be paid high wages for housework

Question 32

The figure who most influenced Nixon's foreign policy was:

A) General Alexander Haig
B) Robert McNamara
C) Henry Kissinger
D) William Rogers
E) Bob Haldeman

Question 33

One major impetus behind the rise of a Native American rights movement was the:

A) effective work of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
B) interest of many Americans in Indian history
C) realization of Indians that their votes could swing elections in several states
D) fact that Indians were still not recognized as citizens
E) terrible levels of poverty that persisted in the Indian population

Question 34

Nixon's "southern strategy" involved winning southern support by:

A) capitalizing on their skepticism of federal social welfare programs
B) stepping up the military effort in Vietnam
C) expressing sympathy toward fundamentalist Christians
D) making southerners dominant in his cabinet
E) increasing federal support of the South's economy

Question 35

Indian activists ultimately discovered that their most effective tactic for bringing about change was:

A) voting
B) occupying places like Alcatraz and Wounded Knee
C) taking legal action to force the government to adhere to old treaties
D) opening casinos on their reservations
E) imitating the civil rights movement in organizing massive protest marches

Question 36

By 1971, the New Left:

A) was working within the system for moderate reform
B) remained committed to nonviolent movement
C) had split into factions and largely self-destructed
D) was stronger than ever due to Nixon's policies
E) was focusing on personal liberation rather than political change

Question 37

The feminist movement suffered a setback with the:

A) National Organization for Women's inability to agree on a political agenda
B) Supreme Court's refusal to recognize abortion rights
C) decreasing number of jobs for women
D) failure of the states to ratify the equal-rights amendment
E) refusal of Ivy League universities to admit women

Question 38

In its earliest years, the gay rights movement especially emphasized:

A) the importance of gays "coming out"
B) the need for more funding for AIDS research
C) the passage of hate-crimes legislation
D) the push to legalize gay marriage
E) getting recognition of gay contributions to American history

Question 39

In the early 1970s, angry protests began to erupt in cities outside the South over:

A) integration of swimming pools and public parks
B) interracial dating
C) racial profiling by police
D) busing
E) rising rates of crime in the inner cities

Question 40

The most important factor behind the sexual revolution of the 1960s was the:

A) Supreme Court's legalization of abortion
B) development of birth-control pills
C) free love philosophy of the hippie movement
D) increasing number of women in college
E) permissive messages and images in Hollywood films

Question 41

The Nixon Doctrine implied a foreign policy that was shaped more by:

A) the determination to defeat communism
B) a need to be selective in its commitments abroad
C) the effort to reshape the world in our own image
D) the needs of the domestic economy
E) the desires of our allies

Question 42

In April 1970, Nixon extended the war when he sent troops into:

A) Laos
B) China
C) Cambodia
D) Thailand
E) North Vietnam

Question 43

On October 26, 1972, only a week before the U.S. presidential election, Kissinger announced:

A) Nixon's resignation
B) a peace agreement for the Middle East
C) a new offensive against China
D) his resignation
E) "Peace is at hand"

Question 44

Nixon's trip to the Soviet Union resulted in:

A) the end of the cold war
B) U.S. wheat sales to the Soviets
C) Soviet withdrawal from Eastern Europe
D) intensification of the nuclear arms race
E) the end of the new relationship with China

Question 45

In 1971, in an effort to curb inflation, President Nixon:

A) asked American businesses to voluntarily reduce prices
B) imposed tough new limits on petroleum consumption
C) returned the country to the gold standard
D) drastically cut the federal budget
E) imposed a freeze on wages and prices

Question 46

To punish the United States for supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC):

A) expelled the United States from membership
B) flooded the American market with cheap petroleum to drive American oil producers out of business
C) threatened to cut off oil shipments to the United States
D) nationalized American oil companies in their countries
E) announced it would deal exclusively with the Soviet Union

Question 47

The Pentagon Papers:

A) revealed shocking waste in military spending
B) were successfully suppressed from publication by the government
C) put President Johnson's war policy in a more favorable light
D) were the actual diary entries of Defense Secretary Robert McNamara
E) revealed that the Johnson administration had deceived the public in regard to war policy

Question 48

The burglars arrested at the Watergate apartment complex:

A) were trying to obtain Republican campaign files
B) were spying for the Soviet Union
C) were common thieves hoping to steal valued items
D) had connections to the CIA and the Nixon campaign
E) had been sent there by the FBI

Question 49

Essential to breaking the Watergate case was the testimony before the Ervin committee of White House legal counsel:

A) Leon Jaworski
B) John Ehrlichman
C) Daniel Ellsberg
D) James McCord
E) John Dean

Question 50

The major motivation behind the Saturday Night Massacre was Nixon's desire to:

A) elevate his approval ratings
B) expose the corruption of the Democrats
C) avoid handing over the key White House tapes
D) publicly humiliate special prosecutor Archibald Cox
E) appoint a loyal attorney general

Question 51

The Vietnam settlement signed on January 27, 1973:

A) insured the survival of South Vietnam
B) brought lasting peace to Vietnam
C) was followed by massive bombings of North Vietnam a few months later
D) left 150,000 Communist troops in South Vietnam
E) got Nixon reelected

Question 52

Nixon's new relationship with China was made possible by:

A) the discovery of China's vast oil deposits
B) China's growing fear of the Soviet Union
C) Nixon's landslide reelection in 1972
D) the American public's more favorable attitude toward communism
E) the removal of Vietnam as a source of division between the United States and China

Question 53

Senator George McGovern of South Dakota:

A) was the democratic nominee for president in 1972
B) resigned from the Senate
C) ran for governor in South Dakota
D) was Nixon's secretary of defense
E) led U.S. troops in Vietnam

Question 54

Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization" involved:

A) increasing the number of young men being drafted
B) launching a U.S. invasion of North Vietnam
C) establishing diplomatic and trade relations with North Vietnam
D) gradually reducing the number of American troops in Vietnam
E) working toward the reunification of North and South Vietnam

Question 55

Economists coined the term stagflation in the early 1970s to describe:

A) a simultaneously stagnant economy with inflationary prices
B) continuing declines in stock prices
C) high oil prices along with declining profits for the petroleum industry
D) the return of economic conditions similar to the Depression
E) continuing economic growth along with a growing budgetary deficit

Question 56

Shocking events at Kent State University involved:

A) a fight between anti-war students and construction workers
B) the killing of four students by the National Guard
C) violence when police broke up a student strike
D) several deaths when students exploded a bomb in the ROTC building
E) student attacks upon conservative, pro-war professors

Question 57

In regard to Vietnam policy, Nixon:

A) insisted that he would pursue "peace with honor"
B) was indifferent to an eventual Communist takeover
C) was determined to end the American involvement quickly
D) still believed that the war could be won
E) refused to sit and negotiate with the enemy

Question 58

As the 1972 election approached, the biggest threat to Nixon's reelection seemed to be:

A) George Wallace's potential to drain away conservative votes from the Republicans
B) the massive popularity of Democratic nominee George McGovern
C) public disapproval of Nixon's efforts to ease tensions with the Chinese and the Russians
D) revelations concerning the Watergate break-in
E) the continuing appeal of 1960s-style social liberalism

Question 59

A sad legacy of Watergate was:

A) lasting damage to the image of the presidency
B) ongoing limits on press freedom
C) a renewal of divisive partisan politics
D) Congress's inability to pass needed legislation
E) the weakening of the CIA's domestic operations

Question 60

Gerald Ford suffered terrible political damage when he:

A) continued Nixon's economic policies
B) vetoed the War Powers Act
C) pardoned Nixon
D) sent Americans back into Vietnam
E) failed to achieve peace in the Middle East

Question 61

Trace how the Watergate crisis brought an end to the Nixon presidency.

Question 62

All of the following were consequences of the Vietnam War EXCEPT:

A) 58,000 Americans died
B) Saigon fell to the Communists and became Ho Chi Minh City
C) many young Americans questioned the value of military service
D) Americans were more determined than ever to spread democracy
E) deep divisions over foreign policy continued

Question 63

Describe the gains made by women and ethnic minorities in the 1960s and early 1970s. In each case, what accounted for the gains?

Question 64

Discuss the various aspects of President Nixon's Vietnam policy. How was Nixon's policy different from those of his predecessors?

Question 65

During his presidency, Gerald Ford achieved a record for:

A) tax increases
B) Supreme Court appointments
C) press conferences
D) vetoes
E) military interventions

Question 66

James Earl (Jimmy) Carter Jr. represented:

A) the new liberal wing of the Democratic party
B) the new moderate wing of the Democratic party
C) the new moderate wing of the Republican party
D) the new liberal wing of the Republican party
E) Alabama as its senator

Question 67

Discuss President Nixon's reasons for believing that a new multipolar world order was emerging to replace the conventional cold war. What actions did he take to shift his foreign policy in that direction?

Question 69

Detail all aspects of the counterculture in the United States during the 1960s.

Question 70

Jimmy Carter's victory in the 1976 election was aided by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) his electoral strength in the South
B) his non-Washington background in the aftermath of Watergate
C) a huge voter turnout
D) his promise to be an honest president
E) Ford's less-than-impressive presidential record

Question 71

Describe the domestic policy of the Nixon administration.

Question 72

Within a year after taking control of the South, the Vietnamese Communists were at war with the:

A) Soviets
B) Cambodian Communists
C) Japanese
D) French
E) South Vietnam

Question 73

Detail the New Left movement in America during the 1960s. Who were the participants and what issues were at the core of their organization?

Question 74

Along with the black power movement, other marginalized groups asserted their causes in the 1960s. Detail both the "brown power" (Hispanic rights) and "red power" (Native American rights) movements.

Question 75

What economic problems did President Ford face? How did he try to solve these problems, and how successful was he?

Question 76

Discuss the election of 1972 and its implication for the future.

Question 77

Nixon's Watergate-related resignation came with the revelation that he had:

A) burned his tapes of White House conversations
B) lied to the Senate's Ervin committee
C) authorized the use of dirty tricks against Democratic campaigns
D) ordered a cover-up of the original Watergate break-in
E) ordered the IRS to harass his political enemies

Question 78

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.