Deck 5: The Power of Positive Thinking

Question 1

,individualistic modern cultures have "an excess of freedom",which is positively correlated with

A) life satisfaction.
B) clinical depression.
C) self-efficacy.
D) an external locus of control.

Answer 1

clinical depression.

Question 2

You have tried to study for an exam with flashcards,with a friend,and with your notes - all to no avail.You begin to feel that you should give up,as whatever you do does not seem to help your exam scores.According to Myers,you may have symptoms of

A) low self-esteem.
B) low self-control.
C) learned helplessness.
D) the looking-glass self.

Answer 2

learned helplessness.

Question 3

You attend a self-help discussion group,where the leader is encouraging people to think of themselves as the writers,directors,and actors of their own lives.The group leader is hoping people will adopt a(n)_______ locus of control.

A) internal
B) external
C) high
D) low

Answer 3

internal

Question 4

A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's

A) self-esteem.
B) self-aggrandizement.
C) self-worth.
D) self-efficacy.

Question 5

The extent to which we perceive outcomes as a result of our own efforts or as a result of chance refers to

A) self-esteem.
B) self-efficacy.
C) locus of control.
D) social comparison.

Question 6

If your initial efforts to lose weight,stop smoking,or improve your grades are successful,it is likely that your self-efficacy will

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) stay the same.
D) eventually become stable.

Question 7

,teen gang leaders,extreme ethnocentrists and terrorists have

A) high self-esteem.
B) low self-esteem.
C) high self-efficacy.
D) low self-efficacy.

Question 8

According to the text,attempts to improve a child's self-esteem through unconditional praise leads to

A) increased academic performances.
B) increased memory and attention.
C) increased social skills.
D) a devaluing of praise.

Question 9

reported that people who tend to be obnoxious,interrupt others and talk at people rather than with them,tend to possess

A) high self-esteem.
B) low self-esteem.
C) high self-efficacy.
D) low self-efficacy.

Question 10

Your best friend earned a grade of "F" on her latest physics exam,and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam.She therefore has a(n)_______ locus of control.

A) internal
B) external
C) high
D) low

Question 11

found that nursing home residents who were choice and personal responsibility ______ relative to those who were given sympathetic care.

A) declined in health
B) improved in health
C) remained consistent in their physical and psychological state
D) showed more variation in their health

Question 12

The hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called

A) depression.
B) low self-esteem.
C) learned hopelessness.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 13

Researchers reported a _______ correlation between persistence and self-efficacy.

A) positive
B) negative
C) moderate
D) zero

Question 14

Our sense of self-worth is also called our

A) self-concept.
B) self-efficacy.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-value.

Question 15

After much contemplation,you decide to decline an invitation to a really great party,as you need to study for an exam.Doing well on this exam will help you meet your long-term goal of graduating with a strong grade point average,which will help you obtain a desirable job.You likely have a(n)_______ locus of control.

A) internal
B) external
C) high
D) low

Question 16

You are more likely to be satisfied with your selection of soda,purchased from the vending machine,if you are presented with _______ options rather than if you are presented with _______ options.

A) a few; many
B) many; a few
C) some; no
D) no; some

Question 17

According to the research reviewed in the text,college students who experience more stress,anger,relationship problems,drug and alcohol use,and eating disorders than others are more likely to have a self-worth contingent upon

A) internal sources.
B) external sources.
C) their hoped-for possible selves.
D) their feared possible selves.

Question 18

Self-efficacy is similar to self-esteem in that both _______ our accomplishments.

A) increase with
B) decrease with
C) are independent of
D) contribute to

Question 19

Research has found that when prisoners are given some control over their environments,such as being able to move chairs and operate the lights,they tend to

A) attempt to control other aspects of their lives, such as how often they go outside.
B) experience more stress.
C) exhibit more health problems.
D) commit less vandalism.

Question 20

Compare and contrast the concepts of self-efficacy and locus of control.

Question 21

Discuss the differences between internal and an external locus of control.

Question 22

Compare and contrast the concepts of self-efficacy and self-esteem.

Question 23

Review the evidence that supports the "dark side of high self-esteem."