Deck 9: Peers, Romantic Relationships, and Lifestyles

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the peer statuses that developmentalists have identified?

A)nonpopular children
B)controversial children
C)neglected children
D)rejected children

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Conformity to peers peaks in grades

A)six to seven.
B)seven to eight.
C)eight to nine.
D)nine to ten.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a positive aspect of peer relationships?

A)exploring principles of fairness and justice by working through disagreements with peers
B)feeling hostile or lonely because of the hurt of being rejected by peers
C)learning to be sensitive partners in intimate relationships by forging close friendships with selected peers
D)learning to be keen observers of peers' interests in order to integrate into the peer group

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Brenda listens carefully to her friends,controls her own negative emotions,and is self-confident.Brenda is most likely classified as a(n)_____ child.

A)controversial
B)average
C)popular
D)neglected

Question 5

Which of the following is an individual difference that can affect an adolescent's peer relations?

A)personality traits
B)negative emotionality
C)being in a subordinate social position
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 6

A recent longitudinal study demonstrated that the ability to resist peer influences was related to

A)Decreased likelihood of problematic behaviors.
B)Increased likelihood of not having friends.
C)All of these choices are correct.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Ali says that her peer group is very important to her.Which of the following things will Ali likely say her peers do for her?

A)provide a source of information about the world outside of the family
B)give her feedback about her abilities
C)serve as form of social comparison
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 8

A recent study by Mitchell Prinstein and colleagues revealed that adolescents who have _____ are most likely to conform to peers.

A)high self-esteem
B)low social anxiety
C)an uncertain social identity
D)None of these choices are correct

Question 9

Which of the following statement regarding the effects of peer status during adolescence is FALSE?

A)Being unpopular at age 13 is related to poor social outcomes at age 14.
B)Popular teens are more likely to be popular in dating.
C)Psuedomature behaviors are related to peer popularity.
D)Unpopular peers are more likely to be unemployed during adulthood.

Question 10

What is the best explanation as to why aggressive peer-rejected boys have social problems?

A)Aggressive peer-rejected boys have trouble controlling their emotions.
B)Peers disapprove of the aggressive behaviors exhibited by aggressive peer-rejected boys.
C)The appearance of aggressive peer-rejected boys is often different than the appearance of mainstream teens.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 11

In what way(s)do parents influence the selection of teen friendships?

A)Parents select where to live which influences which friends teens are likely to meet.
B)Parents are most likely to not be involved in a teen's selection of friendships.
C)Parents select specific peers in which their teen children can become friends.
D)Parents make recommendations about which peers their children should and should not be friends with.

Question 12

Deviant peer relations have been linked to all of the following EXCEPT

A)substance abuse.
B)eating disorders.
C)delinquent behavior.
D)depression.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about popular children is TRUE?

A)Popular children have social skills that contribute to their being well-liked.
B)Popular children are usually conceited.
C)Popular children often have difficulty communicating with their peers.
D)Popular children are often described as "shy" by their peers.

Question 14

Poor developmental outcomes are most likely associated with which of the following children?

A)Neglected
B)Rejected
C)Controversial
D)Bohemian

Question 15

Individuals who are about the same age or maturity level are called

A)friends.
B)colleagues.
C)peers.
D)classmates.

Question 16

Which of the following developmental outcomes is most likely associated with rejected children?

A)Depression
B)Conduct disorder
C)School dropout
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 17

Cheri has a secure attachment to her parents.What might this attachment mean to her attachment to her peers?

A)She will very likely be insecurely attached to her peers.
B)She will very likely be securely attached to her peers.
C)The parent-adolescent attachment pattern is not strongly indicative of the adolescent peer relationship.
D)There is no correlation at all between attachment to parents and attachment to peers.

Question 18

Susan is an adolescent whose peers view her as being in a subordinate group.Which of the following statements regarding Susan and the dominant peer group is likely to be TRUE?

A)Susan will be open to influence from the dominant peer group.
B)Susan will be able to influence the dominate peer group.
C)Susan will be alienated from the subordinate peer group.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 19

Alex is described as "shy" by his peers;he has a low rate of interaction with peers.Alex is likely to be classified as a(n)_____ child.

A)neglected
B)rejected
C)average
D)controversial

Question 20

The term researchers use to describe the extent to which children and adolescents are liked or disliked by their peer group is

A)social capital.
B)popularity.
C)social inclusion.
D)sociometric status.

Question 21

Which of the following actions is most likely to increase the probability that an adolescent will be popular?

A)giving out reinforcements to peers
B)comforting a friend
C)sharing private information with a friend
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 22

Tyler and Andrew like to play basketball together and "hang out," but they really don't know much about each other's lives.This type of friendship is one primarily of

A)physical support.
B)social comparison.
C)ego support.
D)companionship.

Question 23

Social cognition involves

A)feelings about social matters.
B)behaviors in regards to social matters.
C)thoughts about social matters.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 24

Planning ahead,generating multiple solutions to hypothetical problems,and evaluating physically aggressive responses negatively are all

A)emotional regulation skills.
B)social cognitive skills.
C)self-efficacy skills.
D)prosocial skills.

Question 25

Tony has not adjusted well to the peer group at his new school.When another boy accidentally bumps into Tony at a school dance,Tony will be MOST likely to

A)ignore the bump and continue talking to the chaperone who has befriended him.
B)aggressively attack the other boy because he assumes that he was bumped on purpose.
C)verbally lash out,but he won't be physically aggressive.
D)ask those around him if he was bumped on purpose.

Question 26

Paul has been identified as a rejected,aggressive boy.Which of the following is probably TRUE of Paul?

A)He has few social skills in making friends.
B)He has problems sustaining attention.
C)He is emotionally reactive.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 27

Yvonne's friend tells her that her new sweater is "like an old-lady sweater-not cool." Yvonne is angry,but she doesn't explode.She says,"I like it," and walks into her class.Yvonne is demonstrating

A)nonassertive behavior.
B)assertive behavior.
C)emotional blunting.
D)emotional self-regulation.

Question 28

The best predictor of whether rejected children engage in delinquent behavior or drop out of school later,during adolescence is

A)low rates of interactions with their peers.
B)aggression towards peers in junior high school.
C)aggression towards peers in elementary school.
D)use of alcohol in ninth grade.

Question 29

The most influential theorist in the study of adolescent friendship has been

A)Peter Blos.
B)Anna Freud.
C)Harry Stack Sullivan.
D)Aaron Durphey.

Question 30

Providing a friend with amusement is a function of friendship called

A)ego support.
B)social comparison.
C)companionship.
D)stimulation.

Question 31

Another word for conglomerate strategies for improving social skills is

A)role-playing.
B)brainstorming.
C)coaching.
D)directing.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT one of the six functions of friendship?

A)financial support
B)physical support
C)stimulation
D)social comparison

Question 33

Mrs.Brice has several adolescents in her class who are clearly regarded as "weird" by their peers.In order to change the attitude of the majority group toward these few students,Mrs.Brice implements a strategy in which

A)the whole class undergoes social-skills training.
B)the whole class works together on a common goal of organizing a food drive.
C)the outcast students are paired with sympathetic classmates in hopes of raising their popularity.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 34

Social-skills training programs have been generally most successful with individuals who are

A)in early adolescence.
B)age 10 and under.
C)in middle adolescence.
D)in emerging adulthood.

Question 35

Conglomerate strategies are

A)the use of multiple techniques to improve adolescents' social skills.
B)also known as brainstorming.
C)the most effective kinds of problem-solving skills.
D)a team approach to teaching social sciences.

Question 36

According to Kenneth Dodge,the first step in processing information about our social world is

A)interpreting social cues.
B)searching for an appropriate response.
C)decoding social cues.
D)selecting an appropriate response.

Question 37

The friendship function of providing closeness and self-disclosure is

A)ego support.
B)companionship.
C)intimacy/affection.
D)stimulation.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic social needs identified by Harry Stack Sullivan?

A)need for secure attachment
B)need for competitive companionship
C)need for intimacy
D)need for social acceptance

Question 39

Rosemary encourages her friend Meredith to try harder in her biology class.Rosemary tells Meredith that she can get a good grade and offers to give her feedback on her reports.Which function of friendship is Rosemary providing for Meredith?

A)intimacy/affection
B)ego support
C)stimulation
D)social comparison

Question 40

Lexi participated in a program designed to help her improve her self-control,stress management,and social problem-solving skills.Which of the following strategies would Lexi have been taught to use LAST?

A)Go over the problem and state how you feel.
B)Go ahead and try the best plan.
C)Set a positive goal.
D)Think of lots of solutions.

Question 41

A high degree of similarity between friends is known as

A)hemophilia.
B)homophily.
C)homophobia.
D)intimacy.

Question 42

Gini is very active in her local chapter of Young Libertarians.Compared to her counterparts who do not participate in youth groups,Gini is more likely to

A)have higher self-esteem.
B)be more radical.
C)take more history and political science courses in school.
D)take part in political demonstrations.

Question 43

Tara's friends are in honors courses,and they all have high grade-point averages.It is likely that Tara

A)also has positive achievement in school.
B)suffers anxiety trying to compete with her friends for grades.
C)turns her attention to sports,rather than academics.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 44

Which of the following statements regarding marriage trends in the United States is NOT true?

A)Marriage rates in the United States have declined in recent years.
B)The average duration of marriage in the United States is 15 years.
C)About 70 percent of Americans have married at least once.
D)More adults are remaining single for longer periods of time.

Question 45

Which of the following statements regarding child and adolescent groups is NOT true?

A)Adolescent groups are more mixed or heterogeneous than children's groups.
B)Opposite-sex participation in social groups decreases in adolescence.
C)Adolescent groups are more formalized than children's groups.
D)Rules are more well defined in adolescent groups than in children's groups.

Question 46

Which of the following statements regarding adolescent crowds is TRUE?

A)Crowds are larger than cliques.
B)Crowds are less personal than cliques.
C)Crowds may or may not spend much time together.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 47

Which of the following youth programs is dedicated to dropout prevention?

A)4-H
B)ALANA
C)Junior Achievement
D)WAVE

Question 48

What do Girl Scouts,Young Republicans,Junior Achievement,and 4-H have in common?

A)They require their members to have a sponsor in order to join.
B)They are national youth organizations.
C)They are not very popular with youth.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 49

Travis,age 16,is friends with a group of young men ages 21 to 23.According to research,Travis is more likely than his counterparts with same-age friends to

A)engage in early sexual behavior.
B)be highly mature.
C)be employed.
D)have older sisters.

Question 50

A recent study found that,for girls,achievement of their best friends is linked to the adolescent

A)being involved in a team sport in high school.
B)being involved in extracurricular activities in high school.
C)having higher school achievement.
D)having school conduct problems.

Question 51

Which of the following statements regarding marriage trends around the world is TRUE?

A)In Scandinavian countries,cohabitation is popular and people marry later.
B)In Sweden,men and women marry in their early 20s.
C)In Hungary,men and women marry at between ages 30 and 33.
D)Japan has a low proportion of unmarried young people.

Question 52

Which of the following theorists stressed that it is through peer interaction that adolescents learn the symmetrical reciprocal mode of relationships?

A)George Kelly
B)Melanie Klein
C)Harry Stack Sullivan
D)Viktor Frankel

Question 53

Which of the following statements about adolescent friendships is NOT true?

A)Adolescents,more than children,have to learn more complex skills to maintain friendships.
B)Children have more intimate friendships than adolescents.
C)In adolescence,friendships provide a source of support.
D)In adolescence,friends act more as confidants.

Question 54

Chronic loneliness has been linked to

A)impaired cognition.
B)impaired physical health.
C)poor grades.
D)stealing.

Question 55

Nikki "hangs out" every day and some of the time on weekends with four other girls.They enjoy each other's company and share a love of scrapbooking.Nikki is part of a(n)

A)clique.
B)crowd.
C)club.
D)out-group.

Question 56

Quinby,age 13,does not participate in any youth programs.Which of the following reasons might she give for not participating?

A)She has no transportation to programs.
B)She is unaware of the available opportunities.
C)She is not interested in the available activities.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT one of the common crowds of adolescence?

A)jocks
B)normals
C)nerds
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 58

Adolescents who say that crowd membership is not that important to them are called

A)independents.
B)nonconformists.
C)self-actualized.
D)populars.

Question 59

Which of the basic social needs identified by Sullivan intensifies in early adolescence?

A)the need for a secure attachment
B)the need for playful companionship
C)the need for intimacy
D)the need for sexual relations

Question 60

Reputation-based crowds often appear first during

A)late childhood.
B)early adolescence.
C)late adolescence.
D)emerging adulthood.

Question 61

Girls' friendships in adolescence are more likely than boys' to focus on

A)intimacy.
B)shared activities.
C)excitement.
D)ego support.

Question 62

Lydia is a sexually active lesbian adolescent.Which of the following is probably TRUE for Lydia?

A)She has had sex with boys before a same-sex encounter.
B)Her initial same-sex encounter was with a casual acquaintance.
C)She is in love with her current partner.
D)She is open with her parents about her romantic life.

Question 63

Which of the following statements about dating is TRUE?

A)It is a relatively recent phenomenon.
B)The primary role of dating in the past was recreation.
C)The primary role of dating today is to secure a mate.
D)Parents have historically avoided any involvement in their children's dating and mate selection.

Question 64

Recent research found that vulnerable youth who participate in positive extracurricular activities in high school were more likely than non participants to

A)enter the military.
B)enroll in college.
C)volunteer in their communities as adults.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 65

A high frequency of dating in middle adolescence has been linked to

A)delinquency.
B)depression.
C)substance abuse.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 66

Which of the following statements about peer groups across the world is TRUE?

A)Street youth rely on peer networks for survival.
B)In cultures where peer interaction is limited,adolescents rely more on the advice of parents.
C)The peer group is more important to Japanese adolescents than to adolescents in the United States.
D)In sub-Saharan Africa,peers are not an important aspect of adolescents' lives.

Question 67

Which of the following statements about the romantic relationships of sexual minority youth is NOT true?

A)Same-sex relationships are complex.
B)We can generalize from the issues of heterosexual relationships to same-sex relationships.
C)Sexual minority youth rate the breakup of a romance as very stressful.
D)Same-sex romances may be met with parental disapproval.

Question 68

Boys are more likely than girls to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)participate in organized sports.
B)engage in risk-taking.
C)associate in larger groups.
D)engage in "collaborative discourse."

Question 69

Megan has a problem with her boyfriend's intense jealousy.She and her friends talk constantly about her problem,focusing on nothing else.According to research,this co-rumination is likely to result in

A)resolution of the problem for Megan.
B)decrease in positive friendship quality with her friends.
C)an increase in depressive symptoms for Megan.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 70

Robert openly talks to his male friends about his problems at work.Robert's self-disclosure is likely to be met with

A)empathy.
B)disapproval.
C)encouragement.
D)sharing on the part of his friends.

Question 71

Janet dates Ryan primarily because he is popular and good-looking.Which of the following functions of dating does this fulfill for Janet?

A)mate selection
B)socialization
C)recreation
D)status

Question 72

The average age of initial same-sex activity for males is

A)11 to 13.
B)13 to 15.
C)15 to 17.
D)17 to 19.

Question 73

Which of the following statements regarding the timing of dating (early starters vs.late bloomers)is FALSE?

A)Late bloomers showed no signs of maladjustment.
B)Early starters were more likely to show symptoms of depression.
C)On-time daters follow a sequence of three steps in dating relationships.
D)ON-time daters showed no signs of maladjustment.

Question 74

In the Murian culture of Eastern India,children live

A)in group homes from age 13 to age 18.
B)with their grandparents from ages 12 to 20.
C)in dormitories from age 6 until marriage.
D)at boarding schools from ages 8 to 18.

Question 75

Romantic relationships and _____ predicted an increase in depressive symptoms in girls.

A)co-rumination
B)secure attachment to parents
C)lack of female friends
D)poor grades in school

Question 76

There is increasing evidence that _____ plays an important role in the peer group and friendships.

A)socioeconomic status
B)ethnicity
C)sexual orientation
D)gender

Question 77

The average age of the initial same-sex activity for females is

A)10 to 14.
B)18 to 22.
C)14 to 18.
D)12 to 16.

Question 78

Haley and Andrew,both age 12,are "going out." They eat lunch together every day,sit together on the bus,and meet at the weekly school dance.This early relationship helps them to

A)validate their attractiveness to the opposite sex.
B)learn how to interact romantically.
C)negotiate socializing in a later heterosexual group.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 79

Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to assume a leadership role on the student council?

A)Jeremy,an African-American boy
B)Sarah,a middle-class White girl
C)John,a low socioeconomic class Latino boy
D)Marcus,a lower socioeconomic class White boy

Question 80

Purnima is an adolescent living in Iran.If her experience is typical of adolescent girls living in Arab countries,Purnima will

A)have limited opportunities for peer interactions.
B)attend a sex-segregated school.
C)be severely restricted or even prohibited from socializing with males.
D)All of these choices are correct.