Deck 15: Basic Elements of Individual Behavior in Organizations

Question 1

During an interview,people use perception management.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

If the individual perceives that the psychological contract is fair and equitable,he may request a pay raise or promotion,decrease his contributed effort,or look for a better job elsewhere.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Job satisfaction is determined by pay level.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Since the organization may have hired the person because of her skills,it is reasonable for the organization to expect that she will subsequently display those skills in the performance of her job.

Question 5

The study of psychology is helpful to managers.

Question 6

People with Type B personalities are driven to succeed.

Question 7

Convergent thinking is a skill that allows people to see similarities between situations,phenomena,or events.

Question 8

If a person accepts employment with an organization because he thinks he will earn an attractive salary and have an opportunity to advance,he will subsequently expect that those rewards will actually be forthcoming.

Question 9

Nicole hears a colleague boosting about his work.She thinks he must be insecure if he has to try to make himself sound good.She has used attribution.

Question 10

Harrison wants to lose weight,but he eats salty snacks because he likes them.He is experiencing cognitive dissonance.

Question 11

Agreeableness does not extend to relationships with customers,suppliers,and other key organizational constituents.

Question 12

Attributions consistency is the extent to which other people in the same situation behave the same way.

Question 13

In the workplace,stress is always disruptive.

Question 14

A psychological contract is like a standard legal contract,formal and well defined.

Question 15

Certain religions believe in predestination.According to this belief,God has foreordained all things,especially the salvation of individual souls.This belief is indicative of a belief in an internal locus of control.

Question 16

One consequence of organizational stress is burnout.

Question 17

Psychologists have identified thousands of personality traits and dimensions that are especially relevant to organizations.

Question 18

EQ cannot be learned.

Question 19

Research suggests that Japanese workers are less committed to their organizations than are American workers.

Question 20

The lighting in a room can cause stress.

Question 21

Ellie likes to make new friends.In terms of the "Big Five" personality traits,she has more

A)locus of control.
B)positive affectivity.
C)agreeableness.
D)self-efficacy.
E)extraversion.

Question 22

Mary Paule is independent,determined,defiant,and competitive.These are examples of her

A)inducements.
B)intangibles.
C)psychological contracts.
D)contributions.
E)competencies.

Question 23

Salary,working conditions,and business travel are examples of ____ from an organization.

A)inducements
B)intangibles
C)psychological contracts
D)contributions
E)competencies

Question 24

Dan does acceptable work in terms of quantity and quality,but he refuses to help coworkers.He is considered a good organizational citizen.

Question 25

Which of the following personality traits is NOT one of the "Big Five"?

A)Agreeableness
B)Locus of control
C)Extraversion
D)Conscientiousness
E)Negative emotionality

Question 26

A person's ability to get along with others in an organization is known as

A)extraversion.
B)positive affectivity.
C)agreeableness.
D)self-efficacy.
E)conscientiousness.

Question 27

____ is the set of expectations that an individual holds about what he or she will contribute to the organization and what it will provide in return.

A)Cognitive dissonance
B)A psychological contract
C)An organizational contract
D)Collaboration
E)Organizational citizenship

Question 28

Elyssa says she does not like people.They annoy her easily.According to the "Big Five" personality traits,Elyssa has more

A)openness.
B)negative emotionality.
C)agreeableness.
D)self-efficacy.
E)conscientiousness.

Question 29

____ is the relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another.

A)Behavior
B)Attitude
C)Attribution
D)Personality
E)Motivation

Question 30

When Jerre Stead took over as the CEO of Ingram Micro,he was following a CEO who was strongly authoritarian.Stead immediately removed all office doors.This gesture indicated his willingness to consider new ideas and his

A)openness.
B)positive affectivity.
C)agreeableness.
D)self-efficacy.
E)conscientiousness.

Question 31

Verification determines the truthfulness of the insight.

Question 32

The extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by the organization is referred to as the

A)person-job fit.
B)individual/task match.
C)contribution-competency fit.
D)cognitive component.
E)contribution component.

Question 33

A person's range of interest is captured in the personality trait of

A)openness.
B)positive affectivity.
C)agreeableness.
D)self-efficacy.
E)low conscientiousness.

Question 34

Doreen likes to focus on one thing at a time and hates interruptions.This refers to her

A)conscientiousness.
B)openness.
C)self-efficacy.
D)agreeableness.
E)positive affectivity.

Question 35

When an individual does not show up for work because of either feigned or real illnesses,absenteeism occurs.

Question 36

Sexual harassment is a dysfunctional behavior.

Question 37

Warren is diligent,slow,and thorough.These are examples of his

A)competencies.
B)psychological contracts.
C)contributions.
D)tangibles.
E)inducements.

Question 38

Ingrid is excited about her new job.She thinks it will be exciting,fulfilling,and rewarding,and will allow her the standard of living she is looking for.She has made a(n)____ with her new employer.

A)inducement
B)psychological contract
C)organizational commitment
D)contributory expectation
E)mental picture

Question 39

You formulate a(n)____ with your employer when you accept a job.

A)inducement
B)psychological contract
C)organizational commitment
D)contributory expectation
E)mental picture

Question 40

One important method for enhancing creativity is to make it an explicit goal.

Question 41

____ is the extent to which a person believes that power and status differences are appropriate within organizations.

A)Dogmatism
B)Locus of control
C)Authoritarianism
D)Risk propensity
E)Self-efficiency

Question 42

An employee with high self-esteem is likely to

A)seek higher-status jobs.
B)be confident in his ability to perform.
C)derive intrinsic satisfaction from accomplishments.
D)believe she is a worthwhile person.
E)All of these choices

Question 43

Serena blames everything on someone else.Nothing is ever her fault.She has a(n)

A)high-risk propensity.
B)dogmatic set of beliefs.
C)internal locus of control.
D)external locus of control.
E)high level of competency.

Question 44

If you accept everything your professor says solely because he or she is "the professor," you are highly

A)dogmatic.
B)self-monitoring.
C)authoritarian.
D)motivated.
E)perceptive.

Question 45

____ is the term used to describe an individual's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task.

A)Self-efficacy
B)Self-esteem
C)Self-monitoring
D)Confidence
E)Machiavellianism

Question 46

Antoine likes concrete things.This trait illustrates the ____ dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A)judging
B)intuitive
C)thinking
D)feeling
E)sensing

Question 47

____ refers to a person's comfort level with relationships.

A)Conscientiousness
B)Openness
C)Self-efficacy
D)Agreeableness
E)Extraversion

Question 48

____ is the degree to which an individual is willing to take chances and make decisions.

A)Self-esteem
B)Conformity
C)Competency
D)Self-monitoring
E)Risk propensity

Question 49

Machiavellianism is

A)a term used to describe behavior directed at gaining power and controlling the behavior of others.
B)a personality trait.
C)not consistently present in all people.
D)used by individuals who are rational and unemotional.
E)All of these choices

Question 50

If you are proud of your accomplishments yet look forward to achieving higher levels of performance and are confident in your abilities,you have high

A)conformity.
B)risk propensity.
C)self-monitoring.
D)locus of control.
E)self-esteem.

Question 51

Evelyn gets her energy from others,likes creative tasks,is logical and likes finishing things.Her traits illustrate the ____ dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A)Extrovert, intuitive, thinking, judge
B)Extrovert, intuitive, feeling, perceiver
C)Introvert, intuitive, feeling, judge
D)Introvert, sensing, thinking, judge
E)Introvert, sensing, feeling, perceiver

Question 52

James gets his energy from other people,likes the big picture,makes gut decisions,and completes work before moving on to the next project.His traits illustrate the ____ dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A)Extrovert, intuitive, thinking, judge
B)Extrovert, intuitive, feeling, judge
C)Introvert, intuitive, feeling, judge
D)Introvert, sensing, thinking, judge
E)Introvert, sensing, feeling, perceiver

Question 53

Lynn has two projects to choose from.She knows the big one takes weeks and is important.The small one,she can finish by the end of the day,but it is not that important.Her decision to work on the small one illustrates her ____ dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A)judging
B)perceiving
C)thinking
D)feeling
E)sensing

Question 54

Since Jeffrey took over as CEO the stock value has tumbled for more than two years.Jeffrey is doubting his capabilities.In other words,he has had low

A)self-efficacy.
B)self-esteem.
C)self-monitoring.
D)risk propensity.
E)dogmatism.

Question 55

Alan enjoys manipulating others to his own benefit.He sees telling lies as a gray area and is loyal only to himself.He is highly

A)authoritative.
B)dogmatism.
C)Machiavellian.
D)effective.
E)risk propensity.

Question 56

Charlie believes "let go and let God." Charlie has a(n)

A)high-risk propensity.
B)dogmatic set of beliefs.
C)internal locus of control.
D)external locus of control.
E)high level of competency.

Question 57

An individual who has been described as Machiavellian would

A)put a high value on friendship.
B)get little personal pleasure from manipulating others.
C)tend to be rational and unemotional.
D)not be willing to lie to get a promotion or a bonus.
E)want his or her superiors to be authoritarian.

Question 58

Dale takes responsibility for everything.When something goes wrong he will trace it backward until he finds his involvement and determine what he could have done to prevent it.He has a(n)

A)high-risk propensity.
B)dogmatic set of beliefs.
C)internal locus of control.
D)external locus of control.
E)high level of competency.

Question 59

Juwan seems to like every idea that comes his way.He does not have a core of beliefs.According to the "Big Five" personality traits,he has more

A)openness.
B)negative emotionality.
C)agreeableness.
D)self-efficacy.
E)conscientiousness.

Question 60

____ is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual.

A)Self-esteem
B)Conformity
C)Self-monitoring
D)Risk propensity
E)Self-image

Question 61

Christine "knows" that Paul is independent,a trait she admires.Renee "knows" that Paul is defiant,a trait she does not admire.The ____ components of their attitudes differ.

A)intentional
B)intellectual
C)affective
D)cognitive
E)behavioral

Question 62

Howard Schultz,the CEO of Starbucks,hires managers by looking for two qualities¾integrity and passion.According to Schultz,these qualities are as important as experience and abilities because he wants people to become passionate about helping the company succeed while maintaining high ethical standards that promote the organization's responsibility to society.In other words,Schultz values

A)organizational commitment.
B)job satisfaction.
C)selective perception.
D)an external locus of control.
E)high authoritarianism.

Question 63

Tom Evslin knew that using the Internet to make telephone calls was a good idea,but the static you get when you try to talk with a computer and a microphone to someone else with a computer and a microphone is unacceptable.He started a new company to make it possible to use the Internet to make clear telephone calls.He is very excited about his new company's possibility and claims,"I have just barely opened the door for this new technology.We're going to be more successful than AT&T." Which of the following terms best describes Evslin?

A)An internal locus of control
B)Positive affectivity
C)Machiavellian
D)Authoritarian
E)Negative affectivity

Question 64

Andrew likes the way a political candidate looks and speaks.He knows he agrees with the candidate on important issues.Andrew voted for her.Voting was the ____ component of Andrew's attitude.

A)cognitive
B)intentional
C)dissonance
D)affective
E)affirmative

Question 65

An individual's level of job satisfaction is determined by

A)compensation.
B)personal needs and aspirations.
C)relationships with coworkers and supervisors.
D)working conditions.
E)All of these choices

Question 66

Juan has a tendency to see the good side of each situation.This is known as

A)cognitive dissonance.
B)self-efficacy.
C)an internal locus of control.
D)positive affectivity.
E)the cognition part of an attitude.

Question 67

Bernard Madoff defrauded "friends" and family.He even took money from holocaust survivors and foundations.This indicates a high level of

A)authoritarianism.
B)risk propensity.
C)external locus of control.
D)Machiavellianism.
E)conformity.

Question 68

Dorothy is overweight and smokes,even though she knows that both of these are bad for her health.She is most likely experiencing

A)cognitive dissonance.
B)low self-esteem.
C)an external locus of control.
D)low risk propensity.
E)burnout.

Question 69

____ dissonance refers to the conflict that individuals experience among their attitudes.

A)Behavioral
B)Intentional
C)Personal
D)Cognitive
E)Affective

Question 70

The ____ component of an attitude reflects feelings and emotions that an individual has toward something.

A)cognitive
B)intentional
C)dissonance
D)affective
E)affirmative

Question 71

A manager who is willing to lose it all on one product has high

A)locus of control.
B)self-esteem.
C)Machiavellianism.
D)emotional intelligence.
E)risk propensity.

Question 72

Corinne observed her company laying people off without notice or explanation.Her ____ will likely decrease.

A)organizational commitment
B)job satisfaction
C)selective perception
D)external locus of control
E)high authoritarianism

Question 73

Stacey complains constantly.The world has never been fair to her.This is known as

A)being realistic.
B)negative affectivity.
C)an external locus of control.
D)cognitive dissonance.
E)the cognition part of an attitude.

Question 74

The beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas,situations,and people are known as

A)personality attributes.
B)attitudes.
C)perceptions.
D)characteristics.
E)behaviors.

Question 75

If you perceive that one method of completing a task is the most efficient,but your coworker perceives that her idea is better,the ____ components of your attitudes differ.

A)intentional
B)intellectual
C)affective
D)cognitive
E)emotional

Question 76

Martha had parents who were perfectionists.She has been very successful in running her business,but she is overly critical of herself.Martha has low

A)conformity.
B)risk propensity.
C)self-monitoring.
D)locus of control.
E)self-esteem.

Question 77

____ is an attitude that reflects an individual's identification with and attachment to an organization.

A)Job involvement
B)Organizational commitment
C)Organizational citizenship
D)Job satisfaction
E)Job identification

Question 78

The ____ component of an attitude reflects how a person expects to behave in a situation.

A)cognitive
B)perceptive
C)affective
D)intentional
E)intellectual

Question 79

Personal factors such as an individual's needs and aspirations,as well as organizational factors such as relationships with coworkers and supervisors,working conditions,work policies,and compensation,all help determine an individual's level of

A)intrinsic self-relevance.
B)authoritarianism.
C)attribution.
D)job satisfaction.
E)behavior.

Question 80

Kristen worked in a fast-food restaurant to pay for her college tuition.Kristen vowed never to eat fast food again.But years later her small children love nothing better than a fast-food kid's meal.Kristen's acceptance of the kid's menu choice creates

A)a setback.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)affective dissonance.
D)intentional dissonance.
E)behavioral dissonance.