Deck 14: Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Question 1

A young adult who is caught in the middle between parents engaged in hostile conflict is more at risk for

A) depression.
B) college achievement.
C) rebellion.
D) identity confusion.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Ryan,a young adult,has just moved away to college but still relies on his parents for financial support.Ryan is at which stage of the recentering process?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) None of these

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Recentering refers to the process

A) of cognitive changes.
B) that reflects personality formation.
C) that underlies the shift to an adult identity.
D) that underlies a shift to a personalized identity.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Although Barry,a senior in high school,still lives with his parents,he has a part-time job after school and takes care of most of his own needs at home.Barry is at which stage of the recentering process?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) None of these

Question 5

According to your text,which individual is MOST likely to still be living at home with his/her parents until age 30?

A) Jacques, a male from France
B) Elisabeth, a female from the UK
C) Antonio, a male from Italy
D) Isabella, a female from Spain

Question 6

Characteristics of the generation of people referred to as millennials includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) heavy reliance on technology.
B) being involved in the voting process.
C) working for or in the military.
D) being highly educated.

Question 7

A sequence of age-related development that continues through the adult life span,identified by major,predictable life changes,describes the ______ model of personality.

A) five-factor
B) humanistic
C) timing-of-events
D) normative-stage

Question 8

Which model describes human development as a universal sequence of age-related social and emotional changes?

A) Normative-stage
B) Normative age-graded
C) Normative history-graded
D) Timing-of-events

Question 9

Currently,developmentalists who ascribe to the normative-stage model believe that people

A) experience no further development after adolescence.
B) continue to develop through their thirties, but undergo only minimal changes thereafter.
C) probably develop very little after age 50.
D) continue to follow a sequence of age-related changes throughout adulthood.

Question 10

Recentering refers to

A) the prospect of gaining a promotion at work.
B) the process that underlies the shift to an adult identity.
C) finding your spiritual self on the path of enlightenment.
D) adjusting previous dreams to reflect the reality of emerging adulthood.

Question 11

Which statement below is FALSE with regards to the trend identified as "failure to thrive"?

A) Emerging adults from low-income families are more likely to live at home than are those from high-income families.
B) Emerging adults from high-income families are more likely to live at home than are those from low-income families.
C) Emerging adults have trouble negotiating their relationships with parents when living at home.
D) There are more emerging adult women living at home than emerging adult men.

Question 12

Cameron has a profile on Facebook,has her smartphone with her at all times,and prays on a regular basis.Cameron would be described as a

A) Centenarian.
B) Baby Boomer.
C) Retiree.
D) Millennial.

Question 13

Evette just finished college,started work as a registered nurse,and plans to marry next fall.Evette is at which stage of the recentering process?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) None of these

Question 14

In the 1960s,young people in the United States typically finished school,left home,got a job,got married,and had children.By the 1990s,only __________ of emerging adults followed this sequence.

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 45%

Question 15

A young woman passes through adolescence without developing a strong sense of personal identity.According to Erikson,what difficulty will she experience during young adulthood?

A) She will lack competitiveness.
B) She will have problems with intimacy.
C) She will become sexually promiscuous.
D) She will fail to develop "the dream."

Question 16

Identity exploration among emerging adults has been found to be different for racial/ethnic minorities.What conclusion can we make about this group of youth?

A) Many minority youth must take on adult responsibilities earlier than their peers.
B) Minority youth are pressured to marry and have children later in life.
C) Minority youth are less likely to assist their family financially.
D) Minority youth have greater pressure to attend college.

Question 17

What are the characteristics of parental interactions that can lead to individuals at age 25 to become "stuck" at a less mature level of ego development?

A) Encouraging and supportive
B) Controlling and punitive
C) Uplifting and spiritual
D) Expressive and open

Question 18

Recentering is a three-stage process in which the young adult changes from her family of origin in the following ways EXCEPT

A) power.
B) financial independence.
C) decision making.
D) responsibility.

Question 19

According to Erikson,a failure to resolve the identity versus identity confusion crisis results in a lack of

A) trust.
B) hope.
C) will.
D) fidelity.

Question 20

Current research indicates that emerging adults with the highest well-being have done all of the following EXCEPT

A) attended college.
B) had no children.
C) did not get married.
D) lived with parents.

Question 21

According to Erikson,love is the virtue achieved from the resolution of

A) trust versus mistrust.
B) identity versus identity confusion.
C) intimacy versus isolation.
D) generativity versus stagnation.

Question 22

Erikson identified ______ that need to be accomplished for successful adaptation to each stage of life.

A) normative crises
B) age-graded events
C) history gradients
D) developmental tasks

Question 23

According to Erikson,which of the following must people achieve before they can begin to form intimate relationships?

A) Initiative
B) A strong sense of personal identity
C) Generativity
D) Integrity

Question 24

Which personality model focuses on mental,emotional,temperamental,and behavioral attributes?

A) Timing-of-events model
B) Humanistic model
C) Trait model
D) Normative-crisis model

Question 25

Vanna has just found out that a wealthy distant relative has died and unexpectedly left her $2 million.According to the text,this sort of event would be classified as

A) normative.
B) unexpected wanted event.
C) a life-transition event.
D) off-time event.

Question 26

Predictable changes in adult personality are at the heart of the ______ model.

A) timing-of-events
B) trait
C) normative-stage
D) typological

Question 27

The main reason cited in your text that many young adults "fail to launch" is

A) these individuals are spoiled.
B) these individuals are lazy.
C) these individuals cannot support themselves financially.
D) All of these

Question 28

Erikson's concept of intimacy versus isolation falls under which type of personality model?

A) Normative-stage
B) Trait
C) Typological
D) Timing-of-events

Question 29

Aspects of Erikson's theory that have been criticized include all of the following EXCEPT

A) the only lifestyle he considers healthy is a loving heterosexual relationship that produces children.
B) he focuses on a male pattern of development.
C) the theory assumes homosexuality is not normal.
D) he places too much emphasis on sexual strivings.

Question 30

Troy and Christa are young adults who have developed a high level of intimacy and commitment toward one another.They will marry soon.According to Erikson,Troy and Christa have developed the virtue of

A) mutual devotion.
B) compatibility.
C) trust.
D) generativity.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the four views of personality development discussed in your text?

A) Normative-stage model
B) Timing-of-events model
C) Nonnormative-stage model
D) Trait models

Question 32

According to the five-factor model,Angelica,who is hostile and impulsive,would be described as

A) neurotic.
B) extraverted.
C) introverted.
D) agreeable.

Question 33

The fact that as a society in general we are more accepting of a 39-year-old first-time mother indicates a shift in

A) normative-stage models.
B) timing-of-events models.
C) trait models.
D) typological models.

Question 34

Occurrences that people expect are called __________ life events.

A) normative
B) nonnormative
C) individual
D) cultural

Question 35

Bill,age 30,is searching for the right woman to share his life and future.According to Erikson's theory,Bill is at the stage of

A) identity versus identity confusion.
B) industry versus inferiority.
C) intimacy versus isolation.
D) initiative versus guilt.

Question 36

The term used for society's norms or expectations for the appropriate timing-of-life events is the

A) social clock.
B) cohort time.
C) normative time.
D) individual clock.

Question 37

According to the five-factor model,Hank,who is gregarious and assertive,would be described as

A) neurotic.
B) extraverted.
C) conscientious.
D) open to experience.

Question 38

Dr.Dunn says that she supports Erik Erikson's model of development,which assumes that people pass through a universal sequence of age-related social and emotional changes during the life span.According to the text,Dr.Dunn supports the __________ model.

A) idiosyncratic stage theory
B) normative-sequential
C) normative-stage
D) timing-of-events

Question 39

According to the social clock of past generations,Noel should graduate from college at age

A) 16.
B) 22.
C) 32.
D) 42.

Question 40

The cultural expectations for the proper timing of life events,such as getting married or retiring,are called

A) nonnormative sequences.
B) the social clock.
C) temporal schemas.
D) age-consciousness.

Question 41

Sternberg describes love as a(n)____________,a concept that people create out of their own cultural influences and perceptions of reality.

A) personal construct
B) personal story
C) psychological need
D) integration of the social order

Question 42

People who are shy,quiet,anxious,and dependable exhibit ______ personalities.

A) ego-resilient
B) ego-controlled
C) overcontrolled
D) undercontrolled

Question 43

For many young adults,friends are combined into chosen family networks.These close relationships are considered to be

A) supportive kin.
B) harmonious kin.
C) fictive kin.
D) time-honored kin.

Question 44

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,the cognitive component is called

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) commitment.
D) intelligence.

Question 45

Jack is perceived by his friends as highly stubborn and impulsive.Considering the typological approach to personality development,Jack would be considered

A) ego-resilient.
B) overcontrolled.
C) undercontrolled.
D) well-adjusted.

Question 46

The five-factor model of personality emphasizes

A) personality changes that occur during middle childhood.
B) five crises that adolescents and young adults experience that produce instability in personality.
C) normative influences on adaptive mechanisms in mid-life.
D) stability of personality characteristics over much of adult life.

Question 47

In the context of friendship,women are more likely to

A) share confidences with friends.
B) talk with friends about marital problems.
C) receive advice and support from friends.
D) All of these

Question 48

In the typological model,undercontrolled children,who are depicted as impulsive,stubborn,and easily distracted,may

A) have a very difficult time forming intimate relationships in early adulthood.
B) show serious neuroticism between ages 16 and 21.
C) become shy, quiet, and dependable as adults.
D) get along better as adults when they find niches where their energy and spontaneity are considered a plus.

Question 49

Compared with men,women tend to have

A) more friendships.
B) more intimate, nurturing friendships.
C) satisfying friendships with other women.
D) All of these

Question 50

In the context of friendship,men are more likely to

A) share confidence with friends.
B) talk with friends about marital problems.
C) share information and activities.
D) receive advice and support from friends.

Question 51

Carmine is always willing to try new things.At dinner last night she sampled three new kinds of sushi.According to the five-factor model,Carmine would be described as

A) neurotic.
B) agreeable.
C) open to experience.
D) extraverted.

Question 52

A cluster of the traits of anxiety,hostility,depression,self-consciousness,impulsiveness,and vulnerability is called

A) extraversion.
B) neuroticism.
C) the sixth factor.
D) None of these

Question 53

People who are observed as having adaptability under stress and are well adjusted and self-confident are seen as having ______ personalities.

A) ego-resilient
B) ego-controlled
C) overcontrolled
D) undercontrolled

Question 54

All of the following personality types reflect the typological model of personality EXCEPT

A) ego-resilient.
B) overcontrolled.
C) conflicted.
D) undercontrolled.

Question 55

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,the emotional component is called

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) commitment.
D) intelligence.

Question 56

Baron is a well-respected businessman.He helps coach his daughter's soccer team and visits his elderly mother at least once a week.Considering the typological approach to personality development,Baron would be considered

A) ego-resilient.
B) overcontrolled.
C) undercontrolled.
D) maladaptive.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor in successful,satisfying intimate relationships?

A) An increased standard of living
B) Self-awareness
C) Empathy
D) Conflict resolution

Question 58

In terms of more recent research regarding stability and change in personality traits,most experts now believe

A) personality traits are as stable as they have always been.
B) changes in personality can and do occur throughout the life span.
C) the change is too strong a term for describing personality development.
D) that the stability of personality traits is true for men, but not for women.

Question 59

Friendships during young adulthood tend to center around the following topics EXCEPT

A) parenting.
B) sharing confidences.
C) technology.
D) advice.

Question 60

Wanda has worked at the same job for nearly 20 years,and yet few of her coworkers know much about her.She is quiet and reserved,rarely goes out on the weekend,and seems anxious a lot of the time.Considering the typological approach to personality development,Wanda would be considered

A) ego-resilient.
B) overcontrolled.
C) undercontrolled.
D) typical.

Question 61

According to Sternberg,the ultimate pattern of love is __________ love,in which all three components of the triangular theory of love are present.

A) romantic
B) fatuous
C) consummate
D) companionate

Question 62

Compared to those who do not live together,couples who cohabitate before marriage experience all of the following EXCEPT

A) unhappier marriages.
B) greater risk of breaking up.
C) better marriages for having lived together before marriage.
D) older cohabiters who have plans to marry report more satisfaction with the relationship than younger cohabiters.

Question 63

Which of the following is TRUE about cohabitation?

A) Rates of cohabitation are declining in the United States.
B) U.S. rates have increased dramatically since 1960.
C) Living together is universally considered a "trial marriage."
D) Cohabitation seems to improve the chances of successful marriage.

Question 64

Carly can't stop thinking about her new boyfriend Jason.According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,Carly is experiencing

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) commitment.
D) hot flashes.

Question 65

Jeremy just proposed to his girlfriend Alyssa.According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,Jeremy is experiencing

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) commitment.
D) doubt.

Question 66

What proportion of U.S.couples who marry have lived together first?

A) One-fifth
B) One-fourth
C) One-third
D) One-half

Question 67

In terms of online dating services,when describing themselves,people are most likely to lie about

A) weight.
B) age.
C) height.
D) financial status.

Question 68

According to the text,gay and lesbian couples are more likely than heterosexual couples to

A) negotiate household chores according to skill and interests.
B) resolve conflicts in a more positive manner.
C) be less stable due to fewer social supports.
D) All of these

Question 69

Lucy is a single 27-year-old.The reasons she might provide for remaining single include all of the following EXCEPT

A) she finds the lifestyle exciting.
B) she enjoys the sexual freedom single life provides.
C) she wants to be independent.
D) she feels she is too young to commit to someone else.

Question 70

A cohabitating couple that eventually marries reduces the risk of marital dissolution by

A) signing prenuptial agreements.
B) waiting a minimum of three years before getting married.
C) having sex only with each other.
D) getting both parents' permission first before living together.

Question 71

The proportion of young adults ages 25 to 34 in the United States who have not yet married ____ between 1970 and 2005.

A) remained the same
B) doubled
C) tripled
D) decreased

Question 72

Leigh and David have decided to cohabitate.The outlook for this lifestyle includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) they are more likely to divorce if they marry.
B) they are more likely to have an unhappy marriage.
C) this relationship will be less satisfying.
D) this relationship will be less stable than marriage.

Question 73

Compared to heterosexual relationships,the ingredients for long-term satisfaction in homosexual relationships are

A) very similar.
B) somewhat different.
C) very different.
D) None of these

Question 74

What country was the first to legalize same-sex marriages?

A) Netherlands
B) Belgium
C) France
D) England

Question 75

Consensual or informal unions are types of

A) marriage.
B) divorce.
C) cohabitation.
D) annulments.

Question 76

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,the motivational component is called

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) commitment.
D) intelligence.

Question 77

Romello confessed to his new girlfriend that he was still a little afraid of the dark.In terms of Sternberg's triangular theory of love,Romello is experiencing

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) commitment.
D) shyness.

Question 78

In Sternberg's triangular theory,the three elements of love are

A) intimacy, passion, and commitment.
B) intimacy, passion, and companionship.
C) passion, companionship, and commitment.
D) intimacy, companionship, and commitment.

Question 79

Lola and Leslie are a lesbian couple who have been together for over ten years.Compared to heterosexual couples,they are likely to

A) have more support from friends and family.
B) resolve their conflicts in a more positive atmosphere.
C) suffer intermittent bouts of depression.
D) shy away from organizations that are friendly to the lesbian-gay community.

Question 80

While doing a report for his psychology class,Brandon found that a majority of today's single adults

A) intensely dislike their single status.
B) are routinely "looking" for a partner and are not satisfied with their status.
C) are too depressed to be busy and active.
D) feel secure about themselves and their status.