Deck 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE about adolescence?

A) This developmental period is recognized in all cultures throughout the world.
B) Adolescence is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood.
C) It begins when young people reach sexual maturity.
D) Adolescence is genetically determined.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Secondary sex characteristics include which of the following?

A) Pubic hair
B) Breast growth in females
C) Broad shoulders in males
D) All of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Adolescence was created by

A) nature.
B) society.
C) poets.
D) the media.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to the text,adolescence is defined as

A) encompassing the years between 11 and 20.
B) puberty.
C) cognitive changes.
D) an apprenticeship.

Question 5

Alan is in the longest developmental period of childhood.Alan is

A) an adolescent.
B) a toddler.
C) a preschooler.
D) in middle childhood.

Question 6

At what age would you expect an average American girl to begin puberty?

A) 6 to 7
B) 9 to 10
C) 12 to 14
D) 14 to 15

Question 7

Before the 20th century,there was no concept of adolescence; children moved to adulthood either through physical maturity or when they began apprenticeships.Adolescence is

A) an arbitrary state.
B) a sign of puberty.
C) a social construction.
D) a genetically determined stage.

Question 8

The process that leads to sexual maturity is

A) puberty.
B) puberty rites.
C) adolescence.
D) the secular trend.

Question 9

The anatomical structures that differentiate males from females are the

A) primary gender structures.
B) gonads.
C) primary sex characteristics.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Question 10

Research suggests that the pubertal process takes about ____________ in both sexes.

A) 3-4 years.
B) 1-2 years.
C) 5-6 years.
D) 7-8 years.

Question 11

Mack's broadening shoulders at age 13 reflect the emergence of

A) primary sex characteristics.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) tertiary sex characteristics.
D) All of these

Question 12

The initial origin of the hormonal changes that cause puberty begins with the

A) pituitary.
B) hypothalamus.
C) thyroid.
D) lacrimal.

Question 13

The precise time when puberty begins seems to depend on

A) the neurological program in the brain.
B) reaching a critical weight level.
C) the age of the person.
D) the personality of the person.

Question 14

In the United States,entry from adolescence into adulthood occurs

A) at a set time fixed by law.
B) earlier than in previous centuries because of the "hurried child" phenomenon.
C) later than in previous centuries because of the secular trend.
D) at varying times, depending on what definition of adulthood is used.

Question 15

At about what age would you expect an average American boy to begin puberty?

A) 6 to 7
B) 9 to 10
C) 12 to 14
D) 15 to 16

Question 16

Primary sex characteristics are

A) body parts directly related to reproduction.
B) pubic, facial, axillary, and body hair.
C) frequently the cause of pimples, blackheads, and acne.
D) the cause of the voice change.

Question 17

Sandy has noticed that her younger brother is beginning to emit much stronger body odor than he used to.His skin is oily and he has some hair underneath his arms now.Sandy's brother is specifically experiencing increased levels of

A) gonadotropin releasing hormone.
B) lutenizing hormone.
C) adrenaline.
D) dehydroepiandrosterone.

Question 18

The following behaviors pose risks to adolescents' physical and mental well-being EXCEPT

A) drug abuse.
B) working at a part-time job.
C) accidents.
D) smoking cigarettes.

Question 19

It is typical for a girl to have breast buds and pubic hair at an average age of

A) 10 to 11.
B) 6 to 7.
C) 14 to 15.
D) 16 to 18.

Question 20

According to your text,risky behaviors such as drinking alcohol,smoking,and having unprotected sex have ____ among adolescents since the 1990s.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) remained the same
D) None of these

Question 21

The principal sign of sexual maturity in males is

A) growth of the penis.
B) growth of testes.
C) ejaculation of semen.
D) the adolescent growth spurt.

Question 22

Menarche,or the first menstruation,

A) occurs at the beginning of puberty.
B) accompanies the onset of the development of public hair.
C) is a sign of sexual maturity.
D) signals a sexual disorder.

Question 23

During the past century,the onset of puberty has been coming at an earlier age in the United States and in some other countries.This is

A) called a secular trend.
B) apparently related to a higher standard of living.
C) now leveling off.
D) All of these

Question 24

The fact that the age of onset of puberty has steadily been decreasing in developed countries for the last hundred years is called a(n)

A) miracle.
B) social construction.
C) secular trend.
D) unobserved phenomenon.

Question 25

Which person is at greatest likelihood for engaging in risky sexual behaviors?

A) Early-developing boy in an all-boys school
B) Late-developing boy in a mixed-gender school
C) Early-developing girl in a mixed-gender school
D) Early-developing girl in an all-girls school

Question 26

Which of the following is true about the adolescent growth spurt?

A) A growth spurt follows the achievement of sexual maturity.
B) Growth spurts usually occur earlier in boys than in girls.
C) Growth may be uneven and cause temporary gawkiness.
D) Growth is faster than growth at any other time during the life span.

Question 27

At puberty,brain changes include

A) major changes in gray matter in frontal lobes.
B) decline in gray matter in the prefrontal cortex.
C) under-activation of the amygdala.
D) no changes in brain development.

Question 28

The adolescent brain is

A) a work in progress.
B) consistent since infancy.
C) not producing new brain functions.
D) fairly rigid with minimal plasticity.

Question 29

The term for one's first period is

A) puberty.
B) menarche.
C) adolescence.
D) spermarche.

Question 30

Puberty began for Molly when she was 9 years old.Her mother began puberty at 11 years.For her grandmother,the onset was at 13 years of age.These changes in the age of the onset of puberty over time are referred to as a _____ trend.

A) cross-sectional
B) sexual
C) physiologic
D) secular

Question 31

Which of the following describes the major changes that occur in the brain during adolescence?

A) Stopping of brain changes
B) Growth and pruning of gray matter
C) Growth alone
D) Growth of the gray matter

Question 32

Several studies have suggested that ____________ is associated with early menarche.

A) parental warmth
B) harmonious family relationships
C) family conflict
D) parental involvement in child rearing

Question 33

Which of the following is TRUE about the secular trend for early onset of puberty?

A) It is probably due to better health and nutrition.
B) It does not appear to have a genetic limit.
C) It is found in nonindustrialized countries.
D) It is so called because it seems to be linked with decreased influence of religion.

Question 34

Jack,a 16-year old male,drives way over the speed limit everywhere he goes.This risky behavior is MOST likely linked to

A) watching too much television.
B) immaturity of the brain.
C) sibling rivalry.
D) listening to pop music.

Question 35

Which of the following is associated with the initial external signs of puberty?

A) Release of FSH
B) Presence of pubic hair in girls
C) Increased levels of DHEA
D) Smoother, nearly flawless skin

Question 36

Compared to adults,adolescents process information about emotions

A) similarly.
B) differently.
C) None of these
D) Both of these, at different times

Question 37

Nocturnal emission is

A) also called a wet dream.
B) common in adolescent girls.
C) a signal of a sexual disorder.
D) found only in sexually active males.

Question 38

Compared to boys of the same age,girls between the ages of 11 and 13 are

A) taller.
B) smarter.
C) thinner.
D) weaker.

Question 39

The growth spurt in girls usually begins at about the age of

A) 10.
B) 12.
C) 14.
D) 16.

Question 40

Most teenagers are more concerned about their _______________ than any other aspect of their development.

A) moral changes
B) cognitive improvement
C) appearance
D) hair

Question 41

In recent years,there has been a drop in adolescents' overall use of drugs.The exception to this is an increase in the use of

A) heroin and other opiates-both natural and synthetic.
B) ecstasy and anabolic steroids.
C) marijuana and prescription drugs.
D) methamphetamines.

Question 42

Secret gorging on food followed by vomiting,fasting,or purging with use of laxatives is characteristic of

A) anorexics.
B) bulimics.
C) obese teenagers.
D) compulsive dieters.

Question 43

Physical exercise affects both physical and mental health by doing all of the following EXCEPT

A) helping build desired muscle.
B) reducing anxiety and stress.
C) decreasing time spent dealing with friends.
D) increasing feelings of confidence.

Question 44

At age 18,Terri is 25% underweight and has stopped menstruating.However,she is afraid of becoming fat.She is also overactive and obsessed with food.She is probably

A) anorexic.
B) bulimic.
C) schizophrenic.
D) suicidal.

Question 45

The unhealthy diets of many adolescents place them at risk for all of the following EXCEPT

A) being overweight.
B) deficiencies in iron and calcium.
C) high-fat and low-nutrient eating.
D) increased heart attacks.

Question 46

Moneisha,a teenager,finds that she does not get tired until much later at night than she did when she was younger.Which hormone is MOST directly related to Moneisha's change in sleeping patterns?

A) Androgen
B) Testosterone
C) Estrogen
D) Melatonin

Question 47

A pattern of late bedtimes and oversleeping in the morning can contribute to

A) depression.
B) stress.
C) insomnia.
D) night terrors.

Question 48

Which of the following effects can sleep deprivation have?

A) Reduce concentration and performance in school
B) Increase irritability
C) Impair driving
D) All of these

Question 49

Ramone seems overly affected by comments from his peers.According to your text,Ramone is struggling with his

A) socio-emotional network.
B) cognitive-control network.
C) increasing amounts of gray matter in his brain.
D) thinning corpus callosum.

Question 50

The typical anorexic is

A) an underachiever in school.
B) depressed.
C) rarely thinking about food or handling it.
D) fully aware of how abnormally thin she is, but cannot help herself.

Question 51

The most common problem associated with eating is

A) anorexia.
B) obesity.
C) bulimia.
D) addiction to junk food.

Question 52

Which of the following is a cause of obesity?

A) Inadequate physical activity
B) Poor eating habits
C) Genetic predisposition
D) All of these

Question 53

Treatment for anorexia and bulimia may include

A) family therapy.
B) antidepressant drugs.
C) cognitive behavior therapy.
D) All of these

Question 54

Miranda has not eaten any food for the last three days.She has lost so much weight recently that her bones are showing through her skin.Even then,when Miranda looks in the mirror,she sees a person who needs to lose another ten pounds.This behavioral pattern is MOST consistent with

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge eating disorder.
D) yo-yo dieting.

Question 55

Overweight teenagers are at heightened risk for

A) hypertension.
B) diabetes.
C) high cholesterol.
D) All of these

Question 56

To be in sync with their brain's natural clock,or circadian rhythms,most adolescents need to

A) go to bed late and get up late.
B) go to bed late and get up early.
C) go to bed early and get up early.
D) go to bed early and get up late.

Question 57

Adolescents who have bulimia

A) may be depressed.
B) have low self-esteem.
C) are overly concerned about body image.
D) All of these

Question 58

After completion of treatment,approximately ________ of anorexics make a full recovery.

A) 100%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 10%

Question 59

Stacy often eats to excess,consuming very large quantities of food in one sitting.After she binges,Stacy will then go to the gym for hours at time.Stacy's behavioral pattern is MOST consistent with

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge eating disorder.
D) yo-yo dieting.

Question 60

Annabeth often eats to excess,consuming very large quantities of food in one sitting.This pattern of food consumption is MOST consistent with

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge eating disorder.
D) yo-yo dieting.

Question 61

Factors that have been found to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in today's youth include

A) emotional well-being.
B) academic achievement.
C) sense of connectedness.
D) All of these

Question 62

The leading cause of death among U.S.teenagers,accounting for two of three deaths of 16- to 19-year-olds,is

A) homicide.
B) suicide.
C) vehicular accidents.
D) cancer.

Question 63

Lucy solves a chemistry problem by systematically testing several hypotheses.She is at which stage of cognitive development,according to Piaget?

A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Formal operations
D) Concrete operations

Question 64

As adolescents move into the stage of formal operations,they are able to make moral judgments and plan for the future.This means they are thinking

A) abstractly.
B) sophisticatedly.
C) realistically.
D) consistently.

Question 65

Which of the following was NOT one of the factors listed in your text that contribute to higher rates of depression in teenage females?

A) Early onset of puberty
B) Different socialization than males
C) More vulnerable to stress in social relationships than males
D) The tendency to engage in yo-yo dieting

Question 66

Which of these groups has the highest rate of suicide?

A) Adolescent males
B) Native American males
C) African-American females
D) Depressed homosexuals

Question 67

When adolescents die,it is usually from which of the following?

A) Cancer
B) Accidents
C) Homicide
D) Suicide

Question 68

Depression appears in adolescents as which behavior?

A) Irritability
B) Laziness
C) Loneliness
D) Ebullience

Question 69

What percentage of American teens are binge drinkers?

A) 2 %
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 52%

Question 70

Ms.Heil is a new teacher at Roosevelt High School.She is concerned about her students and pays close attention to their affective behavior.When assessing a student's potential for suicidal behavior,Ms.Heil should look for all of the following EXCEPT

A) antisocial behavior.
B) perpetrators and victims of violence.
C) high tolerance for frustration.
D) depression.

Question 71

Adolescent girls are more likely to be depressed than adolescent boys because they experience

A) biological changes in puberty.
B) family conflict.
C) more help with emotional problems.
D) None of these

Question 72

A reason cited for the decline of teenage suicides in the United States is

A) more police officers on the streets.
B) improved education.
C) restriction of children's access to guns.
D) parental guidance has improved.

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor of drug use in adolescents?

A) A "difficult" temperament
B) Early initiation in drug use
C) Aggression
D) Peer acceptance

Question 74

All of the following are strong factors in getting adolescents to start smoking EXCEPT

A) peer pressure.
B) early experience with tobacco.
C) family influence.
D) the taste of tobacco.

Question 75

Paul is a teenager.Paul is MOST likely to die from

A) cancer.
B) a car accident.
C) a drug overdose.
D) a gun shot.

Question 76

An increasing trend in drug use by high school youth is the abuse of

A) nonprescription drugs.
B) inhalants.
C) methamphetamines.
D) opiates.

Question 77

Although most adolescents who attempt suicide do it by taking pills,the method of those who succeed is most likely to be

A) carbon monoxide.
B) an intentional car crash.
C) overdose of recreational drugs.
D) a firearm.

Question 78

In recent years,the rate of smoking among adolescents has

A) risen.
B) declined.
C) stayed the same.
D) remained somewhat stable.

Question 79

Brain imaging studies have identified neurocognitive deficits in executive function,risk assessment,and problem solving in the brains of

A) individuals who attempted or successfully managed suicide.
B) chimpanzees who were taught to communicate.
C) adolescents described as gifted or precocious.
D) newborn infants after a normal healthy pregnancy.

Question 80

According to Piaget,adolescents are in which stage of cognitive development?

A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Formal operations
D) Concrete operations