Deck 1: The Study of Human Development

Question 1

Which scientific goal is reflected by suggesting that after several weeks of observing Ronald's aggressive behavior patterns,he would benefit from counseling?

A) Describe
B) Explain
C) Predict
D) Intervene

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The principle that human development is adaptive means

A) it is coherent and organized.
B) it is aimed at dealing with internal and external conditions of existence.
C) development proceeds from simple to complex.
D) None of these

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following words BEST describes the focus of the study of human development?

A) Change
B) Childhood
C) Infancy
D) Relationships

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following would be of LEAST interest to a researcher studying the cognitive domain?

A) Feelings
B) Language
C) Memory
D) Attention

Question 5

Which topic would NOT have been addressed by the original developmental researchers?

A) Babbling
B) Puberty
C) Menopause
D) Toilet training

Question 6

Which scientific goal is reflected by stating that most children take their first steps at about a year?

A) Describe
B) Explain
C) Predict
D) Intervene

Question 7

Which of the following activities improved student grades,reduced school absences,and resulted in fewer behavioral problems?

A) Increased physical activity
B) Increased amount of sleep
C) Free breakfast
D) Free tutoring programs

Question 8

Typically when studying human development,researchers focus mainly on which domain of development?

A) Physical
B) Cognitive
C) Psychosocial
D) All of these

Question 9

Which scientific goal is reflected by stating that most students learn to read through a combination of phonetic and whole-word instruction?

A) Describe
B) Explain
C) Predict
D) Intervene

Question 10

Professor Sanchez is passing out peer evaluations to a group of preschool children.Each child can choose a smiley face,a neutral face,or frowny face to describe their classmates.Which developmental domain is Professor Sanchez most interested in?

A) Physical
B) Cognitive
C) Emotional
D) Psychosocial

Question 11

When developmental scientists understand how language develops they can _________ when a child needs speech therapy.

A) intervene
B) describe
C) predict
D) explain

Question 12

The concept of a lifelong process of development that can be studied scientifically is known as what?

A) Childhood development
B) Longtime development
C) Life-span development
D) Traditional development

Question 13

Which scientific goal is reflected by suggesting that high school students who score a 1000 or more on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (S.A.T.)will be successful in college?

A) Describe
B) Explain
C) Predict
D) Intervene

Question 14

Peter is three inches taller than every other student in his class.Which domain of development would address Peter's height?

A) Physical
B) Cognitive
C) Psychosocial
D) Neurological

Question 15

Life-span studies are based on which of the following ideas?

A) There is little continuity over the life span.
B) Development occurs early in life, not during adulthood.
C) Every portion of the life span is influenced by earlier events and will in turn affect later events.
D) There is no development that takes place in the late adulthood stage.

Question 16

Which of the following would NOT have been the focus of developmental psychologists in the inception of the field of developmental psychology?

A) Attachment
B) Teen drug use
C) Math abilities of preschoolers
D) Divorce

Question 17

Juan's teacher is concerned that he is behind his fellow classmates in computational ability.Juan's teacher is concerned about which domain of human development?

A) Physical
B) Cognitive
C) Psychosocial
D) Neurological

Question 18

Change and stability in mental abilities,such as learning,memory,language,thinking,reasoning,etc.,would constitute which type of development?

A) Physical
B) Cognitive
C) Psychosocial
D) Physiological

Question 19

Riley doesn't want to share her new toy with the other children at preschool.Riley is struggling with her _____ development.

A) physical
B) cognitive
C) psychosocial
D) neurological

Question 20

Which type of development is most involved in the growth of body and brain,sensory capacities,motor skills,and health?

A) Cognitive
B) Neurological
C) Physical
D) Psychosocial

Question 21

Marcus has stopped being so demanding and waits his turn when playing with his friends.He also appears to be more interested in others instead of himself.He is probably in what developmental period?

A) Infancy
B) Toddlerhood
C) Early childhood
D) Middle childhood

Question 22

The existence of adolescence as part of the life span in many industrialized societies but not in other societies,is an example of

A) environmental experiences.
B) social construction.
C) cognitive development.
D) physical development.

Question 23

Division of the life span into periods is a

A) physical construction.
B) cognitive construction.
C) intellectual construction.
D) social construction.

Question 24

Shayla is dependent on adults to meet her basic needs for food,clothing,and shelter,and to provide attachment bonding.She is experiencing the needs of what developmental period?

A) Infancy
B) Toddlerhood
C) Early childhood
D) Middle childhood

Question 25

The developmental period that includes the establishment of families and occupations is

A) adolescence.
B) middle childhood.
C) young adulthood.
D) middle adulthood.

Question 26

During which developmental period do children begin to regulate their own behavior and become more interested in their peer groups?

A) Infancy
B) Toddlerhood
C) Early childhood
D) Middle childhood

Question 27

Increases in brain development have an effect on

A) physical development.
B) cognitive development.
C) psychosocial development.
D) All of these

Question 28

Marcus is 14 months old and having great difficulty when left with the babysitter.His separation anxiety is an example of interaction between which two types of development?

A) Intellectual and physical
B) Cognitive and intellectual
C) Physical and emotional
D) Cognitive and social

Question 29

A developmental scientist who studies brain development is studying the __________ domain of the self.

A) psychological
B) psychosocial
C) physical
D) cognitive

Question 30

During which developmental period do most people finish their formal education,become independent,and start families and careers?

A) Adolescence
B) Young adulthood
C) Middle adulthood
D) Older adulthood

Question 31

Two-year-old Sydney has not started talking yet,often cries when her mother leaves the room,and did not take her first steps until she was 18 months old.Which developmental domains should her parents be concerned with?

A) Physical
B) Cognitive
C) Psychosocial
D) All of these

Question 32

The inborn traits or characteristics we inherit from biological parents are our

A) environment.
B) individual differences.
C) heredity.
D) influences.

Question 33

The concept of individual differences implies that people differ in

A) size and build.
B) intelligence and personalities.
C) the influence of society and relationships they have.
D) All of these

Question 34

According to your text,which of the following is NOT one of the major divisions of the life span?

A) Prenatal
B) Infancy and toddlerhood
C) Late adulthood
D) Senescence

Question 35

Becoming introspective and searching out meaning in life is characteristic of which of the following?

A) Adolescence
B) Young adulthood
C) Middle adulthood
D) Late adulthood

Question 36

A concept or practice that may appear natural and obvious to those who accept it,but in reality is an invention of a particular culture,is an example of

A) physical construction.
B) cognitive construction.
C) intellectual construction.
D) social construction.

Question 37

During which developmental period does a person make the transition from childhood to adulthood,while at the same time searching for a personal identity?

A) Middle childhood
B) Adolescence
C) Young adulthood
D) Emerging adulthood

Question 38

The age range of approximately 6-11 years refers to which of the following periods of development?

A) Early childhood
B) Middle childhood
C) Adolescence
D) Young adulthood

Question 39

Which of the following is true about physical development?

A) It interacts with cognitive, personality, and social development at all ages.
B) Physical development occurs independently of cognitive development.
C) It becomes less important than personality and social development during adolescence.
D) One's genetic makeup entirely controls one's physical development.

Question 40

Marlane is large for her age and does not have many friends.This is an example of interaction between which two types of development?

A) Physical and intellectual
B) Cognitive and social
C) Physical and social
D) Personality and social

Question 41

Despite being identified as a "low-risk" group,children of affluent families suffer a high rate of

A) depression.
B) anxiety.
C) substance abuse.
D) All of these

Question 42

Industrialization and the move to more populated areas are both cited as reasons for the decline in the

A) multilingual family.
B) nuclear family.
C) extended family.
D) blended family.

Question 43

A multigenerational kinship unit consisting of parents,children,grandparents,aunts,uncles,and cousins is called a(n)______ family.

A) nonnormative
B) nuclear
C) extended
D) blended

Question 44

Meghan recorded events in the lives of her sons Joseph and Jacob such as their first words,their first steps,and the events of puberty.These events are examples of the process of

A) environmental influences.
B) genetic influences.
C) inherited characteristics.
D) maturation.

Question 45

Although they grew up in the same home,Natasha and Veronica are nothing alike.Situations such as these highlight the concept of

A) individual differences.
B) sibling rivalry.
C) intellectual disabilities.
D) conformity.

Question 46

____ include(s)what is outside the self and the learning that comes from experiences in this world.

A) Environment
B) Individual differences
C) Heredity
D) Influences

Question 47

A child born today in Iraq will have different experiences than children born in the United States or Mexico.These experiences will affect the course of development for these children because each child develops within a unique

A) biological context.
B) social and historical context.
C) genetic content.
D) maturation period.

Question 48

_____ is the unfolding of a natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns.

A) Individual responses to the opportunities offered by one's culture
B) Environmental influences
C) Maturation
D) One's perception of the events in his/her life

Question 49

Socioeconomic status is determined by all of the following EXCEPT

A) ethnicity.
B) income.
C) education.
D) occupation.

Question 50

The main argument today concerning the nature versus nurture debate focuses on

A) the dominance of nature over nurture.
B) the dominance of nurture over nature.
C) the relative influence of nature over nurture.
D) the interaction between nature and nurture.

Question 51

A possible strength associated with poverty would include

A) the increased number of meals eaten together.
B) the lowered level of substance abuse.
C) the lowered levels of stress.
D) none, since there are no strengths associated with poverty.

Question 52

Lawrence grew up in a poor neighborhood in a state of poverty.What can we predict about Lawrence's future?

A) Lawrence will struggle physically, cognitively, and psychosocially.
B) Lawrence will find a way to remain positive and live a successful life.
C) Lawrence will need lots of social support from the community to finish school.
D) Any of the outcomes listed are possible futures for Lawrence.

Question 53

Dr.Atkinson focuses her studies on factors such as school,family,and peers.She is most interested in

A) inherited characteristics.
B) environmental factors.
C) maturational factors.
D) personality characteristics.

Question 54

All of the following may be considered indirect effects of poverty EXCEPT

A) parents' emotional state.
B) home environments.
C) presence of models for young people.
D) breakdown of the nuclear family.

Question 55

Environmental or experiential factors that help define individual differences in development include all of the following EXCEPT

A) genetic inheritance.
B) socioeconomic status.
C) ethnicity.
D) historical events.

Question 56

A group's total way of life,including customs,traditions,laws,beliefs,values,and language,is referred to as its

A) subculture.
B) ethnicity.
C) culture.
D) acculturation.

Question 57

Which of the following statements about hereditary and environmental influences on development is TRUE?

A) Internal influences are more important because they occur first.
B) External influences are more important because they are active for a longer time.
C) Internal and external influences interact and often cannot be separated.
D) Internal and external influences are independent and can be readily separated.

Question 58

The family that consists of two generations with parents and children-either biological,step,or adopted-is called

A) nuclear.
B) extended.
C) multigenerational.
D) post modern.

Question 59

Professor Ferguson believes that nurture is the primary shaper of human development.Which concept would Professor Ferguson be MOST interested in?

A) Heredity
B) Genetics
C) Environment
D) Maturation

Question 60

Conditions that would increase the likelihood of a negative outcome are

A) environmental perceptions.
B) genetic influences.
C) risk factors.
D) social resources.

Question 61

Cohort differences are primarily due to

A) geographical separation.
B) experiences affecting a generation.
C) variations of family history.
D) unusual life events.

Question 62

A group of people who experience an event such as the attack of September 11 during a formative time in their lives is known as a historical

A) generation.
B) chronosystem.
C) anomaly.
D) culture.

Question 63

Nonnormative life events are

A) unusual events that influence a person's life.
B) events that generally happen to everyone.
C) typical for a given population.
D) traumatic or unhappy events.

Question 64

Which of the following is a normative age-graded influence?

A) Puberty and menopause
B) War
C) Winning the lottery
D) Famine

Question 65

Danielle,who is in her late forties,just lost her mother to a battle with cancer.This would represent a

A) normative-age influence.
B) nonnormative-age influence.
C) normative history-graded influence.
D) nonnormative history graded influence.

Question 66

An overgeneralization that obscures cultural difference within a group is an

A) ethnic identity.
B) ethnic gloss.
C) ethnicity.
D) ethnic group.

Question 67

By the year 2050,the minority population in the United States is projected to rise to approximately

A) 30%.
B) 40%.
C) 50%.
D) 60%.

Question 68

Which of the following are members of the same cohort?

A) A woman who raised children in Binghamton, New York, during World War II and a woman raising children in Binghamton during the 1990s
B) An urban child in Iraq and a rural child in the United States
C) A veteran of the Gulf War and a veteran of Vietnam War
D) A high school student in Binghamton, New York, and a high school student in Elmira, New York

Question 69

Based on 2008 data,approximately what percentage of immigrant children living in the United States live in extreme poverty?

A) Less than 1%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 50%

Question 70

Your cohort would include your

A) grandparents.
B) parents.
C) schoolmates.
D) children.

Question 71

Normative history-graded influences include all of the following EXCEPT

A) worldwide economic depression.
B) introduction of the contraceptive pill.
C) AIDS epidemic.
D) death of a spouse.

Question 72

Developmental researchers refer to typical events that happen at an atypical time,or atypical events that happen at a typical time,as __________ events.

A) normative
B) nonnormative
C) strange
D) bizarre

Question 73

A group of people who share a similar experience common to all of its members is called a

A) generation.
B) cohort.
C) culture.
D) peer group.

Question 74

An event that is experienced in a similar way by most people in an age group is called a _________ influence.

A) nonnormative age-graded
B) normative age-graded
C) cohort
D) cultural

Question 75

Some religious groups have taught children consistent traditions for weddings and funerals.Teaching these ways to the next generation is an example of

A) context.
B) ethnic diversity.
C) culture.
D) morality.

Question 76

Four-year-old Joshua plays on his mother's iPad while his grandmother is bewildered by the fact that Joshua knows how to operate it in the first place.The grandmother's reaction reflects the significance of

A) normative-age influences.
B) nonnormative-age influences.
C) normative history-graded influences.
D) nonnormative history-graded influences.

Question 77

The impact of technological developments such as video games,computers,and the Internet are considered

A) nonnormative age-graded influences.
B) normative history-graded influences.
C) normative age-graded influences.
D) nonnormative history-graded influences.

Question 78

Events,like starting school,that occur at about the same age for people the world over are called

A) normative age-graded influences.
B) normative history-graded influences.
C) nonnormative life events.
D) cohort determined influences.

Question 79

In the United States many 16-year-olds take their driver's license tests and begin driving.This reflects

A) nonnormative age-graded influences.
B) normative age-graded influences.
C) historical-graded influences.
D) cognitive similarities among adolescents.

Question 80

A ____________ is a group of people born at the same time.

A) historical generation
B) culture
C) normative group
D) cohort