Deck 6: Body Composition

Question 1

Why do women have a higher proportion of essential fat than men?

A) Women have essential fat deposited in the breasts, uterus, and other sex specific sites.
B) Women have lower metabolic rates.
C) Women have less muscle tissue.
D) Women tend to expend less energy in physical activity.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which technique for evaluating health risks associated with body weight is based on the concept that a person's weight should be proportional to his or her height?

A) underwater weighing
B) body mass index
C) skinfold measurement
D) bioelectrical impedance analysis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What level of body fat in women may signal amenorrhea and loss of body mass?

A) 3-5%
B) 8-12%
C) 15-20%
D) 20-25%

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which factor can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes?

A) lower weight
B) a diet high in monounsaturated fat
C) age
D) physical activity

Question 5

What does successful management of body composition require?

A) a very low calorie diet
B) an active lifestyle only
C) a very low calorie diet and an active lifestyle
D) long-term, consistent coordination of many aspects of a wellness program

Question 6

Which is true for type 2 diabetes?

A) It occurs in 50% of people diagnosed with diabetes.
B) It is best prevented through a healthy diet and regular physical activity.
C) It always requires insulin injections as a method of treatment.
D) It has obvious symptoms in the early stages.

Question 7

People who gain weight in which body area are at greater risk for early onset heart disease?

A) thighs
B) hips
C) abdomen
D) buttocks

Question 8

Upon which do height and weight tables rely?

A) insurance company mortality statistics
B) national fitness data
C) individual fitness assessments
D) body density information

Question 9

What is one possible explanation for the increase in obesity among Americans over the past 40 years?

A) fewer meals eaten outside the home
B) less time spent in sedentary work
C) lower consumption of fast food
D) increased portion sizes

Question 10

What is the approximate percentage of Americans classified as obese?

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 30%
D) 60%

Question 11

Which is a symptom of metabolic syndrome?

A) low blood pressure
B) resistance to the effects of insulin
C) low blood glucose levels
D) subnormal blood fat levels

Question 12

What makes up the condition called the "female athlete triad"?

A) abnormal eating patterns, premature osteoporosis, and amenorrhea
B) abnormal eating patterns, premature osteoporosis, and insulin sensitivity
C) abnormal eating patterns, premature osteoporosis, and dysmenorrhea
D) premature osteoporosis, insulin sensitivity, and dysmenorrhea

Question 13

Which is a definition of essential fat?

A) fat primarily within fat cells
B) fat incorporated into muscle
C) fat incorporated into the organs and tissues
D) fat found primarily under the skin

Question 14

Which is true about type 1 diabetes?

A) It accounts for 5% to 10% of all cases of diabetes.
B) It may often be completely controlled through diet and exercise.
C) It often goes undiagnosed.
D) It usually develops after age 40.

Question 15

What condition do obese people develop at three times the rate of non-obese people?

A) pneumonia
B) hypertension
C) diabetes
D) influenza

Question 16

Since 1970,how much has the daily caloric intake among Americans risen?

A) 100 calories
B) 250 calories
C) 500 calories
D) 1,000 calories

Question 17

What level of body fat in a man may signal muscle wasting and fatigue?

A) 3-5%
B) 8-12%
C) 15-20%
D) 20-25%

Question 18

For which group of people does metabolic syndrome increase the risk of heart disease?

A) men and women
B) men but not women
C) women but not men
D) children only

Question 19

Which condition are people who tend to gain weight in the abdominal area at a greater risk for developing?

A) late-onset wasting disease
B) diabetes
C) muscle wasting
D) macular degeneration

Question 20

Which lifestyle change can benefit a person with diabetes?

A) increasing daily physical activity
B) increasing intake of refined carbohydrates
C) increasing the intake of saturated fats
D) decreasing fiber intake

Question 21

Body fat located under the skin is called subcutaneous fat.

Question 22

Body fat located under the skin is called intra-abdominal fat.

Question 23

Which statement about skin-fold measurements is true?

A) They are difficult to perform on a normal weight individual.
B) They are an expensive mode of assessing body composition.
C) They are a practical way to assess body composition.
D) They are not very precise.

Question 24

Men have a higher percentage of essential fat than women.

Question 25

What BMI range is considered healthy according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH)and the World Health Organization (WHO)?

A) between 12.5 and 17.5
B) between 15.5 and 20.5
C) between 18.5 and 24.9
D) between 22.5 and 27.5

Question 26

How is a person with a body mass index of 26.5 classified?

A) underweight
B) normal weight
C) overweight
D) obese

Question 27

Fifty percent of Americans are obese.

Question 28

Hydrostatic weighing uses which statistic to predict the percentage of body fat?

A) body mass index
B) body density
C) fat weight
D) height and total body weight

Question 29

For a person who is overweight,increasing physical activity can benefit health even if it doesn't result in a change in body weight or percent body fat.

Question 30

Essential body fat is located just below the skin.

Question 31

Nearly 90% of type 2 diabetes cases are preventable with healthy lifestyle choices.

Question 32

For which condition does a BMI value of 17.5 or less become a diagnostic criterion?

A) obesity
B) fat-weight
C) pre-diabetes
D) anorexia nervosa

Question 33

Which method of body composition assessment involves passing the body through a magnetic field?

A) skin-folds
B) TOBEC
C) DEXA
D) Bod Pod

Question 34

Regular physical activity and exercise have no effect on many of the destructive effects of obesity.

Question 35

How is a person with a body mass index of 31.2 classified?

A) underweight
B) normal weight
C) overweight
D) obese

Question 36

Two people of the same body weight may have different values of percent body fat.

Question 37

What is the error range for skin-fold measurements?

A) ± 2%
B) ± 11%
C) ± 4%
D) ± 7%

Question 38

Most of the fat in the body is stored in fat cells called adipose tissue.

Question 39

Which association is accurate for people with a waist-to-hip ratio above 1.0?

A) associated with a significantly increased risk of disease
B) acceptable for both men and women
C) acceptable for men only
D) acceptable for women only

Question 40

Which approach helps avoid errors in bioelectrical impedance analysis?

A) Using a variety of instruments to compare measures over time
B) Avoiding dehydration prior to the measurement
C) Avoiding deep breathing during the measurement
D) Avoiding underhydration prior to the measurement

Question 41

The Bod Pod estimates percent body fat through water displacement.

Question 42

Prolonged amenorrhea can lead to osteoporosis.

Question 43

For people with pre-diabetes,lifestyle measures are more effective than medication for preventing the development of type 2 diabetes.

Question 44

Define body mass index,and explain how it is calculated.List the NIH and WHO classifications and cutoffs for BMI.

Question 45

State the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Americans,and list at least three factors that have contributed to recent increases in their prevalence.

Question 46

People who are significantly overweight should seek the help of a physician in setting body composition goals.

Question 47

The majority of people with pre-diabetes will develop type 2 diabetes unless they make lifestyle changes.

Question 48

Bioelectrical impedance analysis estimates percent of body fat by sending a small electrical current through the body.

Question 49

Body composition changes before weight changes.

Question 50

A woman with approximately 22% of total body weight as fat is at risk for amenorrhea and loss of bone mass.

Question 51

Body mass index is a measure of a person's percentage of body fat.

Question 52

Define type 1 diabetes,type 2 diabetes,pre-diabetes,and gestational diabetes.List three risk factors and three preventive strategies for type 2 diabetes.

Question 53

A total waist measurement over 37.5 inches is associated with an increased risk of disease for men.

Question 54

The cause of type 2 is that the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

Question 55

Explain the components of the female athlete triad and the health effects associated with the triad.

Question 56

Describe body composition,including the concepts of essential fat,overweight,and obesity.

Question 57

A body mass index of 28.5 is classified as normal weight.

Question 58

Muscle mass has a higher density than fat mass.

Question 59

Describe the health effects of too much and too little body fat.

Question 60

People who tend to gain weight in the hip area have a higher incidence of coronary heart disease than do people who gain weight in the abdominal area.

Question 61

List and describe three techniques for estimating percent body fat.

Question 62

Describe the steps an individual should take if he or she is significantly overweight and/or has known risk factors for disease.