Deck 2: Country Differences in Political Economy

Question 1

__________ refers to a system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals.

A) Collectivism
B) Capitalism
C) Individualism
D) Totalitarian
E) Democracy

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The two dimensions of political systems are interrelated; systems that emphasize _______ tend towards totalitarianism,while systems that place a high value on _______ tend to be democratic.

A) individualism; collectivism
B) collectivism; individualism
C) socialism; individualism
D) individualism; socialism
E) theocracy; capitalism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Followers of socialist ideology who commit themselves to achieving socialism through democratic reforms are called:

A) Communists
B) Social democrats
C) Individualists
D) Political democrats
E) New democrats

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is the political system in which government is by the people,exercised either directly or through elected representatives?

A) despotism
B) democracy
C) totalitarianism
D) collectivism
E) tribalism

Question 5

_______ is consistent with the notion that an individual's right to do something may be restricted because it runs counter to "the good of society" or "the common good."

A) Totalitarian
B) Collectivism
C) Autocratic
D) Capitalism
E) Platonism

Question 6

According to the opening case,what caused the economic turnaround in Ghana?

A) the country's dependence on cash crops
B) the domination of the economy by state-owned enterprises
C) the government adopting a socialist ideology
D) military coups
E) a liberalized economy

Question 7

Individualism is built on two central themes:

A) socialism is the preferred political philosophy and an emphasis on the importance of collective interests over individual interests
B) an emphasis on the importance of collective interests over individual interests and the belief that the welfare of society is best served by letting a collective body determine what is in society's best interest rather than individuals
C) the needs of society as a whole are more important than individual freedoms and the welfare of society is best served by letting a collective body determine what is in society's best interest rather than individuals
D) the public good is more important than corporate profits and the people exist to serve the state
E) an emphasis on the importance of guaranteeing individual freedom and self expression and the belief that the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-interest

Question 8

When __________ is practiced,the needs of society as a whole are generally viewed as being more important than individual freedoms.

A) totalitarianism
B) collectivism
C) individualism
D) capitalism
E) theocracy

Question 9

What country is the last major Communist power left?

A) Russia
B) China
C) Vietnam
D) North Korea
E) Cuba

Question 10

Which of the following can be traced to an ancient Greek philosopher,Aristotle?

A) collectivism
B) individualism
C) socialism
D) totalitarianism
E) theocracy

Question 11

Which of the following definitions best describes the concept of individualism?

A) Political system in which an individual is governed by laws created to limit corruption and exploitation.
B) Political system in which government is by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives.
C) Political system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals.
D) Form of government in which one person or political party exercises absolute control over all spheres of human life and in which opposing political parties are prohibited.
E) Political philosophy that an individual should have freedom over his or her economic and political pursuits.

Question 12

Political systems can be assessed according to two related dimensions:

A) the degree to which they emphasize individualism opposed to totalitarian and the degree to which they are individualistic verses democratic
B) the degree to which they are market orientated opposed to production orientated and the degree to which they are democratic verses individualistic
C) the degree to which they emphasize social democracy opposed to communism and the degree to which they emphasize collectivism opposed to individualism
D) the degree to which they emphasize collectivism opposed to individualism and the degree to which they are democratic or totalitarian
E) the degree to which they emphasize capitalism as opposed to communism and the degree to which they emphasize cultural freedom as opposed to cultural monitoring

Question 13

Collectively,we refer to political,economic,and legal systems as constituting the _______ economy of a country.

A) domestic
B) civic
C) administrative
D) political
E) governing

Question 14

Social democracy has had its greatest influence in the following group of countries:

A) Canada, United States, Mexico, and Spain
B) India, Pakistan, Burma, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan
C) Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Ecuador, Columbia, and French Guiana
D) Australia, Britain, France, Germany, Norway, Spain, and Sweden
E) Australia, Columbia, Venezuela, Cambodia, Brazil

Question 15

The group that believed that socialism could be achieved only through violent revolution and totalitarian dictatorship were referred to as:

A) Communists
B) Fascists
C) Political democrats
D) Collectivists
E) Mensheviks

Question 16

Modern __________ trace their intellectual roots to Karl Marx.

A) Separatists
B) Capitalists
C) Individualists
D) Socialists
E) Federalists

Question 17

In contrast to collectivism,__________ stresses that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the interests of the state.

A) totalitarianism
B) socialism
C) individualism
D) collectivism
E) tribalism

Question 18

The communist version of socialism reached its high point in the late ________.

A) 1940s.
B) 1950s.
C) 1960s.
D) 1970s.
E) 1980s

Question 19

The Cold War was essentially a war between __________,championed by the now-defunct Soviet Union,and __________,championed by the United States.

A) collectivism; individualism
B) democracy; socialism
C) socialism; totalitarianism
D) individualism; collectivism
E) Stalinism; Reaganism

Question 20

Experience has demonstrated that state ownership of the means of production:

A) often runs in parallel with the public interest
B) is the most profitable way to organize production
C) is the most efficient way to organize production
D) often runs counter to the public interest
E) leads to increased inefficiency, higher prices and higher taxes

Question 21

To guarantee that elected representatives can be held accountable for their actions by the electorate,an ideal representative democracy has a number of safeguards.Which of the following is not an example of a safeguard in an ideal representative democracy?

A) a fair court system that is independent from the political system
B) universal adult suffrage
C) an individual's right to freedom of expression, opinion, and organization
D) a political police force and armed services
E) regular elections

Question 22

Right-wing __________ generally permits individual economic freedom,but restricts individual political freedom on the grounds that it would lead to a rise of communism.

A) socialism
B) collectivism
C) capitalism
D) totalitarianism
E) tribalism

Question 23

A _______ is an economic system in which the goods and services produced,the quantity in which they are produced,and the prices at which they are sold are all planned by the government.

A) civic economy
B) administrative economy
C) command economy
D) market economy
E) post-industrial economy

Question 24

In a representative democracy,if elected representatives fail to perform their job adequately,what will happen?

A) a socialist democracy will take over
B) a federalist republic will take over
C) a collectivist federation will take over
D) they will be voted out of office in the next election
E) they will hold their offices for life

Question 25

_______ go "hand in hand."

A) Anarchy and individualism
B) Collectivism and individualism
C) Totalitarianism and democracy
D) Democracy and collectivism
E) Democracy and individualism

Question 26

In a pure command economy the goods and services that a country produces,the quantity in which they are produced,and the prices at which they are sold are all planned by:

A) private industry
B) local trade associations
C) individual entrepreneurs
D) the government
E) citizen committees

Question 27

There are four major forms of totalitarianism in the world today.These are:

A) collective, Marxist, right-wing, and ancestral
B) theocratic, democratic, tribal, and communist
C) communist, theocratic, tribal, and right-wing
D) ancestral, Marxist, left-wing, and compiled
E) tribal, Maoist, right-wing, and dictatorial

Question 28

Canada could be described as having elements of both a __________ economy and a ___________ economy.

A) command; mixed
B) mixed; regional
C) market; regional
D) command; regional
E) market; mixed

Question 29

In a pure __________ economy the good and services that a country products,and the quantity in which they are produced,is not planned by anyone.Rather it is determined by the interaction of supply and demand and signalled to producers through the price system.

A) ordinance
B) market
C) command
D) combined
E) free

Question 30

__________ is a form of government in which one person or political party exercises absolute control over all spheres of human life,and opposing political parties are prohibited.

A) Capitalism
B) Totalitarianism
C) Democracy
D) Collectivism
E) Theocracy

Question 31

A form of totalitarianism in which political power is monopolized by a party,group,or individual that governs according to religious principles is called __________.

A) right-wing totalitarianism
B) theocratic totalitarianism
C) ancestral totalitarianism
D) tribal totalitarianism
E) fundamental totalitarianism

Question 32

In a pure __________ economy all businesses are state owned so the government can direct them to make investments that are in the best interests of the nation as a whole,rather than in the interest of private individuals.

A) command
B) mixed
C) market
D) state-directed
E) new

Question 33

_______ is a form of totalitarianism that advocates achieving socialism through totalitarian dictatorship.

A) Tribal totalitarianism
B) Democratic totalitarianism
C) Communist totalitarianism
D) Collective totalitarianism
E) Theocratic totalitarianism

Question 34

What kind of economies were once very common throughout much of the world,although they are becoming less so?

A) mixed
B) state-directed
C) command
D) market
E) regulated

Question 35

In which region of the world is tribal totalitarianism found?

A) Africa
B) Australia
C) South America
D) Asia
E) Central America

Question 36

In a __________ economy,certain sectors of the economy are left to private ownership and free market mechanisms,while in other sectors there is significant state ownership and government planning.

A) command
B) combined
C) mixed
D) political
E) socialist

Question 37

All of the following are types of economic systems except:

A) market economy
B) command economy
C) mixed economy
D) progressive economy
E) none of the answers are an example of a type of economic system

Question 38

Which of the following are the three broad types of economic systems?

A) market economy, combined economy, production economy
B) market economy, post-industrial economy, industrial economy
C) combined economy, separate economy, mixed economy
D) ordinance economy, production economy, political economy
E) market economy, command economy, mixed economy

Question 39

A political system in which citizens periodically elect individuals to represent them is referred to as a __________.

A) participatory collective
B) totalitarianism democracy
C) representative democracy
D) socialistic democracy
E) parliamentary democracy

Question 40

All of the following are forms of totalitarianism except:

A) right-wing
B) ancestral
C) theocratic
D) tribal
E) communistic

Question 41

The _______________ system evolved in England over hundreds of years and is based on tradition,precedent,and custom.

A) civil
B) theocratic
C) common law
D) economic law
E) contract law

Question 42

The _________________ establishes a uniform set of rules governing certain aspects of the making and performance of everyday commercial contracts between sellers and buyers.

A) United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
B) The foreign practices act
C) State directed economy
D) The United Nations Human Development
E) The Canadian Government

Question 43

The violation of _______________ can be violated in two ways-through private action and through public action.

A) patents
B) copyrights
C) warrants
D) property rights
E) individual rights

Question 44

The __________ is influenced by the prevailing political system.

A) corporate system
B) economic system
C) technological system
D) market system
E) democratic

Question 45

Suppose Blackberry corporation develops a new type of phone.Blackberry can protect its invention through what kind of protection?

A) warrant
B) patent
C) copyright
D) trademark
E) contract

Question 46

A law system that is based primarily on religious teachings,refers to a

A) civil law system.
B) theocratic law system.
C) common law system.
D) traditional law system.
E) canon law system.

Question 47

Patents,copyrights,and trademarks are examples of __________ property laws.

A) intellectual
B) administrative
C) official
D) central
E) individual

Question 48

__________ are the exclusive legal rights of authors,composers,playwrights,artists,and publishers to publish and dispose of their work as they see fit.

A) Patents
B) Copyrights
C) Trusts
D) Licenses
E) Franchises

Question 49

The parties to an agreement normally resort to _______________ when one party feels the other has violated either the letter of the spirit of the agreement.

A) property law
B) arbitration
C) third-party mediator
D) contract law
E) the courts

Question 50

As a result of __________ protection,the Nike "swoosh" logo is protected from being used by any other shoe manufacturer.

A) logo
B) copyright
C) patent
D) warrant
E) trademark

Question 51

A _______________ law system is based on a very detailed set of laws organized into codes.

A) judicial
B) theocratic
C) common
D) traditional
E) civil

Question 52

Quebec is the only province in Canada to use the _____________ law system.

A) common
B) French
C) canon
D) civil
E) judicial

Question 53

Phillip is in the process of writing up a document that states his company will provide consulting on network applications for the next two weeks,for a specified amount of money.Phillip is in the process of creating what?

A) a contract
B) a contract law
C) property law
D) private action suit
E) a memorandum of understanding

Question 54

__________ are designs and names,often officially registered,by which merchants or manufacturers designate and differentiate their products.

A) Copyrights
B) Patents
C) Warrants
D) Trademarks
E) Logos

Question 55

The Canadian legislation that makes bribery of a foreign official by a Canadian business person a criminal offense is known as what?

A) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
B) Copyright infringement
C) Corruption Perceptions Index
D) Law OECD 1998
E) Bill S-21

Question 56

Which of the following describes the concept of intellectual property?

A) Exclusive legal rights of authors, composers, playwrights, artists, and publishers to publish and dispose of their work as they see fit.
B) Property, such as computer software, screenplays, musical scores, or chemical formulas for new drugs, that is the product of intellectual activity.
C) Designs and names, often officially registered, by which merchants or manufacturers designate and differentiate their products.
D) Document giving the inventor of a new product or process exclusive rights to the manufacturer, use, or sales of that invention.
E) Property that can be digitized and copied

Question 57

A composer is able to protect an original musical score from being copied and sold by someone else through __________ protection.

A) patent
B) warrant
C) trademark
D) copyright
E) logo

Question 58

The __________ of a country refers to the rules that regulate behaviour,along with the processes by which the laws of a country are enforced and through which redress for grievances is obtained.

A) political system
B) administrative system
C) economic structure
D) legal system
E) ethical system

Question 59

The bundle of legal rights over the use to which a resource is put; and over the use made of any income that may be derived form that resource are called __________ rights.

A) statutory
B) asset
C) taxable
D) property
E) users

Question 60

Suppose you invent a new product and want to obtain the exclusive rights to manufacture the product.To protect yourself,you should apply for a __________ on the product.

A) trust
B) patent
C) copyright
D) trademark
E) logo

Question 61

Amartya Sen believed that development should be assessed more by measures such as _______________.

A) Aggregate demand
B) Aggregate supply
C) PPP
D) HDI
E) GNP

Question 62

__________ liability involves holding a firm and its officers responsible when a product causes injury,death,or damage.

A) Turnout
B) Contract
C) Product
D) Outcome
E) Business

Question 63

What does the acronym GNP stand for?

A) gross national profile
B) gross national product
C) gradual notational profile
D) general natural productivity
E) government natural product

Question 64

"Windows" is a computer operating system that is an exclusive __________ of the Microsoft corporation.

A) sticker
B) hallmark
C) registry
D) trademark
E) brand

Question 65

The Human Development Index is scaled from 0 to 1.Countries scoring less than _______ are classified as low human development (the quality of life is poor).

A) .25
B) .50
C) .75
D) .33
E) .65

Question 66

PPP is an acronym that stands for:

A) power purchasing procedures
B) procurement priority procedures
C) priority patent procedures
D) purchasing power parity
E) parallel parametric purchasing

Question 67

When businesses feel that their intellectual property has been violated,they can lobby governments or they can do what?

A) apply to TRIPS
B) apply Bill S-21
C) look at IPRs
D) ask for a WTO ruling
E) file lawsuits on their own behalf

Question 68

_______________ allows for a more direct comparison of living standards in different countries.

A) PPP
B) UPN
C) EOC
D) IOF

Question 69

_______________ set certain safety standards to which a product must adhere.

A) Turnout safety laws
B) Product liability laws
C) Product safety laws
D) Contract liability laws
E) Civil laws

Question 70

An important international agreement signed by 187 countries to protect intellectual property,was called the

A) Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.
B) Paris Convention on Human Development.
C) Paris Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property.
D) Paris Convention for the Development of Intellectual Innovation.
E) Paris Convention for Related Aspects of Intellectual Rights.

Question 71

In Canada,the Bill S-21 was passed during the _______ following a meeting with G7 leaders that endorsed the OECDs call to end bribery of foreign officials.

A) 1997
B) 1987
C) 1999
D) 1979
E) 1991

Question 72

In 2001,the World Bank has chosen to replace GNP with ________.

A) GDP
B) aggregate demand and aggregate supply
C) GRP
D) PPP
E) GNI

Question 73

_______________ to violate property rights refers to theft,piracy,and blackmail.

A) Patents
B) Public action
C) Warrants
D) Private action
E) Public Patents

Question 74

When public officials such as politicians and government bureaucrats,extort income or resources from property holders,this can be described as a(n)

A) patents.
B) public action.
C) warrants.
D) private action.
E) nationalization

Question 75

The United Nations __________ index is based on life expectancy,literacy rates,and whether average incomes are sufficient to meet the basic needs of life in a country.

A) Human Development
B) Standard of Living
C) Quality of Life
D) Economic Development
E) UNICEF

Question 76

Generally speaking,international laws about intellectual property rights are _______.

A) Not part of TRIPS
B) Not affected by the lobbying of specific firms
C) Roughly the same as they were two decades ago
D) Being weakened
E) Being strengthened

Question 77

In the United States,the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was passed during the _______ following revelations that U.S.companies had bribed government officials in foreign countries in an attempt to win lucrative contracts.

A) 1990s
B) 1980s
C) 1970s
D) 1960s
E) 1950s

Question 78

Amartya Sen believed that development should be assessed less by measures such as _______________.

A) Aggregate demand
B) Aggregate supply
C) PPP
D) HDI
E) GNP

Question 79

GNP is increasingly being replaced by ______.

A) PPP
B) Atlas conversion
C) GNI
D) Atlas methodology
E) IOF

Question 80

Bill S-21 does what?

A) Increases GNP
B) Protects copyrights
C) Protects trademarks
D) Makes bribery a crime
E) Increases PPP