Deck 35: Immunity

Question 1

In a process called __________,an antibody becomes coated with antibody molecules and then macrophages recognize the projecting antibody regions and are stimulated to engulf the particle.

A) co-receptor toxicity
B) cytokinesis
C) antigen-presentation
D) opsonization
E) inflammation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

_________________ is produced by macrophages,is a mediator of inflammation,and may help cause fever.

A) Complement
B) Lysozymes
C) A major histocompatibility complex
D) Interferon
E) Tumor necrosis factor

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The terms "neutrophil" and "basophil" and "eosinophil" refer to

A) whether they are active in acidic, neutral, or basic conditions.
B) their tissue origins.
C) the type of chemical they use to kill cells.
D) stains that are used to identify them.
E) the researchers who described them.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

To make snakebite antivenin,we inject a horse with increasing doses of venom,extract the horse's antibodies,and inject them inside a person who has been bitten by a snake in order to save his/her life.Which is the best explanation of why this is effective?

A) The antivenin builds a person's active immunity.
B) The antivenin presents the antibodies built by the horse and is soon eliminated itself by the person's immune system.
C) The antibodies form a permanent immunity in the person against the venom.
D) None of the choices are correct

Question 5

Low-molecular weight glycoproteins that are released by many eukaryotic cells in response to invasion by intracellular parasites are called _____.

A) complement
B) lysozymes
C) macrophages
D) interferons
E) tissue necrosis factors

Question 6

What type(s)of cell(s)conduct(s)phagocytosis?
Macrophages in lymph nodes
Kupffer cells in sinusoids
Microglial cells in the brain
Neutrophils
__
Mast cells
__
Natural killer cells

Question 7

The blood typing test relies on ________ of red blood cells.

A) agglutination
B) staining
C) microscopic inspection
D) culturing
E) nuclear identification

Question 8

Cells bear substances on their surfaces that are the basis of nonself recognition.These substances are _______ ________ _______.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Inflammation is a very specific response to a limited number of antigens.
B) All immune responses involve antibodies.
C) There are an equal number of memory cells and activated B cells that gave rise to the memory cells.
D) Inflammation is a vital process to defend and repair tissues.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 10

Immunoglobulins have a structure that resembles which letter?

A) A
B) B
C) S
D) T
E) Y

Question 11

A substance that stimulates an immune response is called a/an _____________.

Question 12

The ________________ recognize antigen on the surface of macrophages and activate B cells.

Question 13

What type(s)of cell(s)conduct(s)phagocytosis?

A) Macrophages in lymph nodes
B) Kupffer cells in sinusoids
C) Microglial cells in the brain
D) Neutrophils
E) All of the choices are able to phagocytize

Question 14

Antibodies are large protein molecules classified as ______________.

Question 15

In a young individual who has never been exposed to a blood transfusion,why does A-type blood have anti-B antibody,while B-type blood has anti-A antibody?

A) The fetus is exposed to the mother's blood antigens during pregnancy.
B) All individuals already have all possible antibodies at birth so this is normal.
C) That antibodies develop to A and B epitopes on intestinal microorganisms in the intestine.
D) The antibodies are transferred in the saliva from parent to child.
E) The antibodies are made to the recessive blood type that is not expressed.

Question 16

_________________ is/are a series of proteins activated in a sequence as a response to invading organisms.

A) Complement
B) Lysozymes
C) A major histocompatibility complex
D) Interferons
E) Tumor necrosis factors

Question 17

Neutrophils and lymphocytes are types of _____.

A) platelets
B) red blood cells
C) white blood cells
D) plasma cells
E) epithelial cells

Question 18

Which statement is NOT true about neutrophils?

A) They are phagocytic.
B) They are polymorphonuclear.
C) They are made in lymphoid tissue.
D) They do not produce antibodies.
E) They are the most abundant white blood cell.

Question 19

When a phagocyte engulfs a bacterium or other foreign particle,how does it destroy the foreign material in the vacuole?

A) By being denied its natural food and surface respiration the bacterium simply ceases to live and breaks apart over time.
B) The phagocyte's nuclear coding is stronger than that of the bacterium.
C) The Golgi body proceeds to use molecules from the foreign body for cell products.
D) A cell lysosome is fused with the foreign particle and digestive enzymes destroy the particle.
E) Cell mitochondria use the foreign material as a fuel for aerobic respiration.

Question 20

The acquired immune response in vertebrates has two arms:

A) antibodies and antigens.
B) B and T lymphocytes.
C) cellular and humoral.
D) T_H1 and T_H2.
E) immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors.

Question 21

Many immune responses involve little,if any,________ and depend on the action of cells only.

Question 22

Identify the following: tumor necrosis factor,complement,phagocytosis,leukocytes.

Question 23

Discuss the following terms: susceptible,resistant,infective,noninfective,immunity.

Question 24

Blood cells differ from one another,and when two different and incompatible blood types are mixed,_________________ happens.

Question 25

If lysozyme is found in sweat,saliva,and tears,why can't it be used as an antibiotic against serious disease agents?

Question 26

Distinguish between innate immunity and acquired immunity.How are innate mechanisms influenced and sometimes strengthened as a consequence of acquired immune responses?

Question 27

The cells that secrete antibodies are called __________________.

Question 28

Certain proteins in the blood that,together with antibodies,lyse or break up invading cells are called ________________.

Question 29

An immune response against an invading organism or other tissue damage that involves mobilizing leukocytes from capillaries to the site of injury is called the ___________ response.

Question 30

_________ cells are responsible for retaining antigen memory for faster future immune response.

Question 31

Explain why hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis)is a problem if the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive,but not if the reverse is true.

Question 32

How do the following granulocytic leukocytes differ: neutrophils,eosinophils,basophils?

Question 33

Rh incompatibility accounts for a peculiar and often fatal disease of the newborn called ___________________ __________.

Question 34

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is commonly called ________.

Question 35

The causative agent of AIDS is _______________ _________ __________.

Question 36

One of the principal tests of the ability of invertebrate tissues to recognize nonself is grafting a tissue from another individual of the same species.This is called a(n)_________.