Deck 17: Digestive System

Question 1

The uvula is

A) a type of tooth.
B) a projection from the soft palate.
C) a flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the trachea.
D) part of the tongue.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract

A) from the pharynx to the anus.
B) in the stomach and small intestine only.
C) in the small and large intestines only.
D) in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the swallowing reflex,

A) muscles pull the pharynx upward toward the food.
B) the epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea.
C) the tongue presses against the uvula and soft palate.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The teeth that are best adapted for biting off hunks of food are the

A) incisors.
B) canines.
C) bicuspids.
D) molars.

Question 5

Salivary amylase digests

A) carbohydrates.
B) proteins.
C) fats.
D) vitamins.

Question 6

The digestive system

A) ingests food, propels food, mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the remainder.
B) mechanically and chemically assembles food from absorbed nutrients.
C) sends cellular debris to lysosomes.
D) absorbs nutrients in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach, and releases nutrients in the intestines.

Question 7

The functions of saliva include

A) moistening, binding, and building up food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the esophagus.
B) moistening, binding, and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of proteins; and cleansing the esophagus.
C) moistening, binding, and building up food particles; beginning mechanical digestion of fats; and cleansing the teeth and mouth.
D) moistening, binding, and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the teeth and mouth.

Question 8

The epiglottis is attached to the

A) esophagus.
B) trachea.
C) pharynx.
D) larynx.

Question 9

Elliot thought that his peptic ulcers were caused by his nagging parents, and was surprised when the doctor handed him a prescription for medication to treat

A) a bacterial infection.
B) a viral infection.
C) a too high pH.
D) excess bile.

Question 10

The correct sequence for the layers in the walls of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost is the

A) mucosa, muscular layer, serosa, submucosa.
B) mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa.
C) serosa, muscular layer, mucosa, submucosa.
D) submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscular layer.

Question 11

Because of their location, swollen palatine tonsils may interfere with

A) breathing.
B) swallowing.
C) both breathing and swallowing.
D) neither breathing nor swallowing.

Question 12

The _______ is the layer of the alimentary canal that absorbs nutrients.

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) muscular layer
D) serosa

Question 13

Edith suffers from severe heartburn. She goes to her physician and is diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. This condition affects her

A) abdominal wall.
B) small intestine.
C) diaphragm.
D) stomach wall.

Question 14

Activities of the digestive system generally increase when it is stimulated by

A) sympathetic impulses.
B) parasympathetic impulses.
C) sensory impulses.
D) somatic impulses.

Question 15

The mechanical breakup of food particles in the mouth is called

A) mastication.
B) salivation.
C) peristalsis.
D) absorption.

Question 16

The parotid glands are

A) the largest salivary glands.
B) the smallest salivary glands.
C) under the tongue.
D) in the lower jaw.

Question 17

Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the

A) heart.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) small intestine.

Question 18

The alimentary canal extends, in its entirety, from

A) the mouth to the large intestine.
B) the stomach to the small intestine.
C) the liver to the gallbladder.
D) the mouth to the anus.

Question 19

The main part of the stomach is called the

A) fundus.
B) pylorus.
C) cardia.
D) body.

Question 20

The root canal of a tooth contains

A) dentin.
B) cementum.
C) gingiva.
D) blood vessels and nerves.

Question 21

Acute pancreatitis is often caused by the conversion of

A) trypsin to trypsinogen.
B) trypsinogen to trypsin.
C) pepsin to pepsinogen.
D) pepsinogen to pepsin.

Question 22

The parietal cells of gastric glands secrete

A) mucus.
B) pepsinogen.
C) hydrochloric acid.
D) pepsin.

Question 23

It is good that Emily does not remember being a newborn, because she was miserable, vomiting frequently. An X-ray revealed hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The problem in Emily's digestive system, before surgery helped her, was

A) an extra stomach.
B) overgrowth of muscle that blocked the passageway from the stomach to the small intestine.
C) absence of the pyloris.
D) a peptic ulcer.

Question 24

_______ is a protein-digesting enzyme in pancreatic juice.

A) Trypsin
B) Pancrease
C) Amylase
D) Nuclease

Question 25

The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct unite to form the

A) common bile duct.
B) hepatic duct.
C) hepatopancreatic duct.
D) pancreatic duct.

Question 26

The liver

A) forms glucose from noncarbohydrates.
B) stores vitamin
C)
C) produces red blood cells.
D) secretes chymotrypsin.

Question 27

Which constituent of bile has a digestive function?

A) Bile salts
B) Bile pigments
C) Cholesterol
D) Electrolytes

Question 28

The _______ is the part of the digestive tract that has the most lymph nodules and bacteria.

A) duodenum
B) jejunum
C) ileum
D) colon

Question 29

Matthew takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer. If he takes it for a long time, digestion of which nutrient would be affected the most?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Minerals

Question 30

Secretion of cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by

A) protein in the stomach.
B) protein in the small intestine.
C) fat in the stomach.
D) protein and fat in the small intestine.

Question 31

Gastrin, which stomach cells secrete,

A) inhibits production of hydrochloric acid.
B) increases secretion by the gastric glands.
C) changes pepsin into pepsinogen.
D) contracts the stomach.

Question 32

Gallstones are usually composed of

A) calcium salts.
B) uric acid.
C) cholesterol.
D) bile pigments.

Question 33

The hormone secretin

A) converts trypsinogen to trypsin.
B) activates chymotrypsin.
C) stimulates release of pancreatic juice.
D) inhibits the action of pancreatic lipase.

Question 34

All of the enzymes that digest protein are

A) secreted by the pancreas.
B) activated by HCl.
C) secreted in an inactive form.
D) stimulated by enterokinase.

Question 35

Bile salts function like detergents in that they ___________ fat globules.

A) emulsify
B) coagulate
C) digest
D) liquefy

Question 36

Gallstones may form if

A) bile is too concentrated.
B) hepatic cells secrete too much HCl.
C) the pH of the gallbladder becomes too alkaline.
D) the liver is lacerated.

Question 37

Pancreatic digestive secretions are regulated by

A) bile salts.
B) cholesterol.
C) cholecystokinin.
D) the amount of food eaten.

Question 38

Functions of the liver include

A) maintaining blood glucose concentration.
B) formation of urea.
C) secretion of bile.
D) all of the above.

Question 39

David has sustained severe damage to his liver in a car accident. Digestion of which nutrient will be most affected?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Vitamins

Question 40

Which of the following is true about bile?

A) Cholecystokinin stimulates its production.
B) Secretin stimulates release of bile into the duodenum.
C) It contains concentrated enzymes that digest carbohydrates.
D) Bile is produced by the liver.

Question 41

Bacteria cause dental caries by

A) infecting the gums.
B) destroying the gums so that the teeth loosen.
C) metabolizing carbohydrates in food, producing acidic by-products that damage enamel and dentin.
D) secreting acids that dissolve enamel.

Question 42

Receptor-mediated endocytosis removes _______ molecules from plasma, delivering cholesterol to the tissues.

A) VLDL
B) LDL
C) HDL
D) triglycerides

Question 43

Enlarged blood vessels of the anal columns are called

A) peritonitis.
B) hemorrhoids.
C) diarrhea.
D) flatulence.

Question 44

The greater omentum is composed of

A) the peritoneal membrane.
B) the pericardial membrane.
C) the pleural membrane.
D) the hiatal membrane.

Question 45

VLDL molecules are produced in which organ?

A) Pancreas
B) Liver
C) Kidneys
D) Stomach

Question 46

Over-the-counter antacids usually include

A) agents that lower the pH in the stomach.
B) sodium, aluminum, calcium, or magnesium.
C) a mixture of digestive juices.
D) anti-inflammatory medicines such as ibuprofen.

Question 47

________ pick up cholesterol from the peripheral tissues and return it to the liver.

A) VLDLs
B) LDLs
C) HDLs
D) Triglycerides

Question 48

Lydia is taking an antihistamine for her allergies and develops xerostomia. She has

A) a peptic ulcer.
B) hairloss.
C) bad breath.
D) dry mouth.

Question 49

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the digestion and absorption of lipids? 1. Formation of chylomicrons
2) Emulsification by bile
3) Dissolved in the epithelial cell membrane
4) Hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase
5) Movement into lacteal ducts

A) 4, 3, 2, 1, 5
B) 2, 4, 3, 1, 5
C) 2, 1, 4, 3, 5
D) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1

Question 50

One of the functions of the large intestine is to

A) secrete digestive enzymes.
B) absorb ingested water.
C) regulate the release of bile.
D) break down hemoglobin.

Question 51

The major mixing movement in the small intestine is accomplished by

A) peristalsis.
B) churning.
C) segmentation.
D) ring contractions.

Question 52

An extracorporeal liver assist device was surgically implanted into Sam. This device is very similar to

A) an artificial heart.
B) artificial skin.
C) kidney dialysis.
D) a blood transfusion.

Question 53

Feces contain

A) electrolytes.
B) undigested food.
C) bacteria.
D) all of the above.

Question 54

The epithelial cells that form the inner lining of the small intestine

A) are replaced every few days.
B) are not able to reproduce.
C) are cube-shaped.
D) remain where they are first formed.

Question 55

Feces are about ____ percent water.

A) 25
B) 33
C) 50
D) 75

Question 56

During the defecation reflex, the

A) diaphragm is lowered.
B) glottis is opened.
C) abdominal wall muscles relax.
D) internal abdominal pressure is decreased.

Question 57

Factors that may affect the rate of absorption of certain medications with age include

A) slowing of the exit of chyme from the stomach.
B) slowing peristalsis.
C) thinning of the stomach lining.
D) all of the above.

Question 58

Tanisha has abdominal pains. Medical tests reveal that she can digest nutrients, but the nutrients are not taken in by the intestinal blood supply. She likely has

A) malnutrition.
B) malabsorption.
C) constipation.
D) food allergy.

Question 59

Changes in the mouth associated with aging include

A) overgrowth of gums.
B) thinning enamel.
C) thinning cementum.
D) shrinking dentin.

Question 60

Chylomicrons transport dietary fats to ___________ through the blood.

A) bones and cartilage
B) neurons and neuroglia
C) the liver and gallbladder
D) muscle and adipose cells

Question 61

Fatty foods stay in the stomach longer than protein or carbohydrate foods.

Question 62

Hepatitis C is not transmissible

A) by sharing razors.
B) from mother to baby.
C) from uncooked meats.
D) from a blood transfusion.

Question 63

The hepatic duct connects the gallbladder to the bile duct.

Question 64

The pyloric sphincter serves as a valve that controls the movement of food between the esophagus and stomach.

Question 65

The parotid gland differs from the submandibular and sublingual glands in that it secretes a clear fluid that is rich in amylase.

Question 66

The enterogastric reflex begins in the stomach and ends in the small intestine.

Question 67

Cholecystokinin, a hormone released from intestinal mucosa as a result of stimulation by the presence of fats in the small intestine, stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum.

Question 68

A set of primary teeth consists of 20 teeth, whereas a set of secondary teeth consists of 32 teeth.

Question 69

Hepatitis B can be transmitted by means of

A) sexual activity.
B) hypodermic needles.
C) saliva.
D) all of the above.

Question 70

The tissues turning yellow (jaundice) is due to the accumulation of
A)

A) cholesterol.
B) bile pigments.
C) carotene.
D) hemoglobin

Question 71

Bile salts function as digestive enzymes to break down fatty acids.

Question 72

An X-rays series of the bile ducts is called a

A) cholangiogram.
B) cholecystogram.
C) cholecystectomy.
D) cholelithiasis.

Question 73

Peristalsis mixes food in small segments of the alimentary canal with digestive enzymes.

Question 74

The esophagus provides a passageway for substances from the larynx to the bronchi.

Question 75

The disorder of the large intestine that produces a "cobblestone" effect within the tissues of the colon is

A) colorectal cancer.
B) hemorrhoids.
C) Crohn's disease.
D) ulcerative colitis.

Question 76

Bile is composed of HCl, pepsin, mucus, and intrinsic factor.

Question 77

The chamber of the mouth between the tongue and the palate is the vestibule.

Question 78

The stomach is C-shaped and extends from the duodenum to the spleen.

Question 79

Pancreatic acinar cells secrete pancreatic juice.

Question 80

The organs of the alimentary canal are innervated by sympathetic as well as by parasympathetic nerve fibers.