Deck 15: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Which of the following layers of the heart and their functions are correctly matched?

A) Epicardium-protective inner lining of the heart chambers and valves
B) Myocardium-cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers
C) Endocardium-protective outer covering
D) Pericardium-protective inner lining of the heart chambers and valves

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The systemic circuit

A) sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
B) brings oxygen-rich blood from the tissues.
C) brings oxygen-poor blood from the lungs.
D) sends oxygen-rich blood to the tissues.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The skeleton of the heart consists of

A) bone within the myocardium.
B) bone within the interatrial septum.
C) fibrous connective tissue in the endocardium.
D) fibrous connective tissue encircling the atrioventricular orifices.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The pain of angina pectoris comes from a blockage in an artery that supplies the

A) left arm and shoulder.
B) neck and jaw.
C) heart.
D) sternum.

Question 5

The loose-fitting sac around the heart is the

A) fibrous pericardium.
B) visceral pericardium.
C) epicardium.
D) endocardium.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves from the vena cava to the lungs?

A) Right atrium, pulmonary valve, right ventricle, tricuspid valve
B) Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve
C) Right ventricle, tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary valve
D) Right ventricle, pulmonary valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle

Question 7

The heart pumps about ____ liters of blood a day and contracts about _____ times in a lifetime.

A) 1,000 liters; 1 billion
B) 1,200 liters; 2 billion
C) 3,000 liters; 2 billion
D) 7,000 liters; 2.5 billion

Question 8

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that

A) is released from certain muscle cells of the heart.
B) inhibits the release of renin and aldosterone.
C) lowers blood pressure.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

The inner lining of the heart is the

A) epicardium.
B) myocardium.
C) endocardium.
D) pericardium.

Question 10

When the ventricular walls contract,

A) the mitral valve opens and the tricuspid valve closes.
B) the tricuspid valve opens and the mitral valve closes.
C) the mitral and tricuspid valves close.
D) the mitral and tricuspid valves open.

Question 11

The correct sequence of parts that carry cardiac impulses is

A) AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle
B) AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, SA node
C) SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, AV bundle
D) SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers

Question 12

Impulses that the vagus nerve carries to the heart

A) are parasympathetic and increase heart rate.
B) are parasympathetic and decrease heart rate.
C) are sympathetic and increase heart rate.
D) are sympathetic and decrease heart rate.

Question 13

The right atrium receives blood directly from

A) the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava only.
B) the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
C) the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary veins.
D) the pulmonary veins.

Question 14

Blood flow to the right side of the heart muscle decreases due to constriction of the _____, and decreased blood flow to the heart tissue can result in _____.

A) left coronary artery; mitral valve prolapse
B) right pulmonary artery; endocarditis
C) right coronary artery; ischemia
D) left coronary vein; myocardial infarction

Question 15

Which of the following waves of an ECG pattern is/are correctly described?

A) P wave-depolarization of atria
B) QRS complex-repolarization of ventricles
C) T wave-depolarization of ventricles
D) QRST complex-depolarization of ventricles

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the heart?

A) The apex end points downward at about the 5th intercostal space.
B) The heart is located lateral to the lungs.
C) The average adult heart is about 8 cm long and 5 cm wide.
D) The base of the heart lies beneath the fourth rib.

Question 17

The pulmonary circuit

A) sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
B) sends oxygen-poor blood to the tissues.
C) sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
D) brings oxygen-rich blood from the tissues.

Question 18

Circulation is vital because it

A) supplies oxygen and nutrients to and removes wastes from tissues.
B) inflates the lungs.
C) delivers carbon dioxide to tissues and removes excess oxygen.
D) delivers wastes to tissues.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly matches the valve to its function?

A) Tricuspid valve-permits one-way blood flow from the right to the left atrium
B) Pulmonary valve-permits one-way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta
C) Mitral valve-permits one-way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
D) Aortic valve-permits one-way blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk

Question 20

In mitral valve prolapse, the mitral valve

A) is missing as a result of abnormal development.
B) has an extra cusp.
C) bulges into the left atrium during ventricular relaxation.
D) bulges into the left atrium during ventricular contraction.

Question 21

When venous pressure is too low, ____________ stimulate smooth muscles in the walls of veins to contract.

A) parasympathetic reflexes
B) sympathetic reflexes
C) somatic reflexes
D) carbon dioxide levels

Question 22

The effect on the heart of excess potassium ion concentration usually is

A) increased rate and increased force of contraction.
B) decreased rate and increased force of contraction.
C) decreased rate and decreased force of contraction.
D) increased rate and decreased force of contraction.

Question 23

Which of the following might serve as a secondary pacemaker for the heart?

A) AV node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) Both AV node and Purkinje fibers
D) Neither AV node nor Purkinje fibers

Question 24

When smooth muscles in the walls of the arteries are stimulated to contract,

A) peripheral resistance decreases.
B) viscosity increases.
C) blood pressure decreases.
D) blood pressure increases.

Question 25

Sympathetic stimulation increases

A) end-diastolic volume.
B) stroke volume.
C) end-systolic volume.
D) blood vessel volume.

Question 26

Cells of the conducting system in the heart are more sensitive to which ion?

A) Sodium
B) Iron
C) Potassium
D) Chloride

Question 27

Once cells in the SA node reach threshold,

A) an action potential is triggered.
B) a heart attack occurs.
C) nothing happens until the AV node is innervated.
D) the heart stops beating.

Question 28

The mechanism ensures that the volume of blood discharged from the heart is equal to the volume entering its chambers is described by ______ law of the heart.

A) Boyle's
B) Frank-Starling's
C) Dalton's
D) Newton's

Question 29

In an ECG pattern, the T wave is caused by

A) repolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
B) repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
C) depolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
D) depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.

Question 30

In an ECG pattern, the PQ interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the

A) SA node to the atrial muscle fibers.
B) SA node to the Purkinje fibers.
C) AV node to the atrial muscle fibers.
D) SA node through the AV node.

Question 31

In an ECG pattern, the P wave is caused by

A) repolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
B) repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
C) depolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
D) depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.

Question 32

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

A) Purkinje fibers.
B) AV bundle.
C) sinoatrial node.
D) atrioventricular node.

Question 33

Which of the following gases does endothelium release?

A) Nitric oxide
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Methane

Question 34

A person warming up after being cold feels a warm rush as blood flows quickly to the peripheral appendages. Nitric oxide is important in this situation because it

A) raises blood pressure.
B) raises blood temperature.
C) relaxes the smooth muscle in the blood vessel wall.
D) enhances gas exchange.

Question 35

Water and dissolved substances leave the arteriole end of a capillary due to ____, and enter the venule end of a capillary due to ______.

A) hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure; active transport being greater than osmotic pressure
B) osmotic pressure being higher than hydrostatic pressure; hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure
C) hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure; osmotic pressure being higher than hydrostatic pressure
D) osmosis; active transport

Question 36

An abnormally slow heart rate is termed

A) tachycardia.
B) bradycardia.
C) fibrillation.
D) cardioversion.

Question 37

Because net inward pressure in the venular ends of capillaries is less than net outward pressure in the arteriolar ends of capillaries,

A) more fluid flows into the capillaries than moves out.
B) the lymphatic vessels push fluid into the capillaries.
C) the pressure in the venules increases.
D) more fluid leaves the capillaries than returns.

Question 38

Which of the following is most life threatening?

A) Atrial flutter
B) Ventricular flutter
C) Atrial fibrillation
D) Ventricular fibrillation

Question 39

Which type of blood vessel holds the greatest volume of blood?

A) Artery
B) Arteriole
C) Capillary
D) Vein

Question 40

Listening with a stethoscope just to the right near the tip of the sternum, sounds come most distinctly from the

A) aortic valve.
B) tricuspid valve.
C) pulmonary valve.
D) mitral valve.

Question 41

Pulse pressure is calculated by

A) adding systolic and diastolic pressures.
B) multiplying systolic and diastolic pressures.
C) subtracting systolic pressure from diastolic pressure.
D) subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure.

Question 42

Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by

A) increasing peripheral resistance.
B) releasing renin.
C) inhibiting the release of aldosterone.
D) promoting the excretion of sodium.

Question 43

The pulmonary trunk divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries about __ centimeters above its origin.

A) 5
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12

Question 44

Which of the following is not a branch of the aorta?

A) Right coronary artery
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Brachiocephalic artery
D) Left subclavian artery

Question 45

Kidney disease can cause hypertension by

A) activating the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
B) stimulating the secretion of aldosterone.
C) increasing retention of sodium and water.
D) all of the above.

Question 46

Which artery is incorrectly matched to its location?

A) Inferior mesenteric artery; colon and rectum
B) Thyrocervical arteries; thymus.
C) Celiac arteries; liver, spleen, and upper gastrointestinal tract
D) Popliteal; behind the knee

Question 47

Plasma proteins in capillaries help to

A) maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood.
B) decrease the osmotic pressure of the blood.
C) maintain the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
D) decrease the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.

Question 48

Blood from the face and scalp is drained by the

A) external jugular vein.
B) subclavian vein.
C) superior vena cava.
D) cephalic vein.

Question 49

Which of the following helps return blood to the heart?

A) Positive intrathoracic pressure
B) Valves in the arteries
C) Contracting skeletal muscles
D) Capillary action

Question 50

The blood pressure in the large systemic arteries is greatest during

A) atrial systole.
B) ventricular systole.
C) ventricular diastole.
D) atrial diastole.

Question 51

Factors that increase heart rate and blood pressure include

A) emotional responses.
B) exercise.
C) increase in body temperature.
D) all of the above.

Question 52

Arterial systolic pressure is most closely associated with

A) atrial contraction.
B) ventricular contraction.
C) atrial relaxation.
D) ventricular relaxation.

Question 53

Heart rate in a fetus is about ____, in a newborn about _____, and in an adult about ___.

A) 145; 140; 70
B) 70; 140; 145
C) 100; 100; 100
D) 200; 160; 120

Question 54

The celiac artery provides blood to the

A) diaphragm.
B) large intestine.
C) liver and spleen.
D) adrenal glands.

Question 55

The structures that contain chemoreceptors that detect blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide are the

A) aortic bodies.
B) aortic sinuses.
C) aortic branches.
D) capillary buds.

Question 56

When a person's pulse is taken by palpation near the thumb on the wrist, which artery is felt?

A) Brachial artery
B) Ulnar artery
C) Radial artery
D) Palmar arch arteries

Question 57

Which of the following supplies blood to parts of the intestinal tract?

A) Phrenic arteries
B) Superior mesenteric artery
C) Lumbar artery
D) Middle sacral artery

Question 58

The radial and ulnar veins merge to form the _______ vein.

A) jugular
B) axillary
C) brachial
D) cephalic

Question 59

The external carotid arteries branch to structures in the

A) scalp.
B) face.
C) base of the skull.
D) all of the above.

Question 60

The longest vein in the body is the

A) superior vena cava.
B) great saphenous vein.
C) internal iliac vein.
D) hepatic portal vein.

Question 61

The distribution of blood in capillary pathways is largely controlled by the action of precapillary sphincters.

Question 62

The coronary sinus drains blood from the wall of the heart into the left atrium.

Question 63

The visceral pericardium lines the pericardial cavity, whereas the parietal pericardium covers the surface of the heart.

Question 64

Small areas of the myocardium contracting chaotically is called

A) flutter.
B) fibrillation.
C) bradycardia.
D) tachycardia.

Question 65

Metarterioles connect arterioles and venules, and allow blood to bypass the capillaries.

Question 66

Sudden cardiac arrest can result from

A) an artery blocked with plaque.
B) scar tissue from a previous heart attack.
C) accelerated heart rate.
D) all of the above.

Question 67

Arteries are strong, elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart.

Question 68

The smaller branches of the coronary arteries have some anastomoses between vessels.

Question 69

The apical heartbeat is heard by listening between the fifth and sixth ribs about 7.5 cm left of the midline.

Question 70

In the arterial disease atherosclerosis,

A) plaque accumulates on the interior walls of arteries.
B) blood flow through affected arteries slows.
C) risk of a thrombus or embolus forming increases.
D) all of the above may happen.

Question 71

The SA node relays nerve impulses into the AV bundle of the interventricular septum, and the AV node is responsible for the rhythmic contractions of the heart.

Question 72

Which of the following is not a normal response to physical exercise?

A) Increased heart rate
B) Increased ventricular contraction
C) Increased blood flow to the skeletal muscles
D) Increased blood flow to the abdominal viscera

Question 73

Marjorie suffers from phlebitis. She has

A) inflammation of her veins.
B) too much phlegm in her throat.
C) extra capillaries in her legs.
D) inflammation of her arteries.

Question 74

Tim runs 5 to 8 miles a day. He has an enlarged heart and low heart rate and blood pressure. He most likely has

A) coronary artery disease.
B) an arrhythmia.
C) a very healthy cardiovascular system.
D) atherosclerosis.

Question 75

Capillary walls consist of a single layer of epithelial cells, and they exchange substances in the blood for substances in the tissue fluid surrounding body cells.

Question 76

Bruce has colorectal cancer that has spread to his lymphatic system. He is given a drug that is an angiogenesis inhibitor. The drug works by

A) stimulating new blood vessels to serve tissue damaged by the cancer.
B) starving tumors by cutting off their blood supplies.
C) halting cell division only in tumor cells.
D) cutting off the supply of ATP to cancer cells.

Question 77

Which of the following is due to an aging cardiovascular system?

A) The tunica interna thickens.
B) The direction of blood flow in some capillaries reverses.
C) Arteries become less rigid.
D) Veins lose collagen.

Question 78

A sphygmomanometer measures

A) clotting time.
B) blood pressure.
C) hematocrit.
D) brain function.

Question 79

A left ventricular assist device

A) is routinely used in people who have had heart attacks.
B) can substitute for the atria.
C) can maintain cardiac function until a donor heart becomes available.
D) is an implantable replacement heart.

Question 80

Which of the following is not a factor that increases risk of developing atherosclerosis?

A) A diet high in unsaturated fats
B) Tobacco smoking
C) Lack of physical exercise
D) Low blood pressure