Deck 12: Nervous System III: Senses

Question 1

A sensation is ______, and projection of a sensation is the ______.

A) the stimulation of a receptor cell; transmission of an impulse into the brain
B) a feeling that results from sensory stimulation; brain causing it to seem to come from the receptors being stimulated
C) a good feeling from a stimulation; right side of the brain projecting the sensation to the left side, or vice versa
D) a change in membrane permeability of a receptor; transmission of an impulse into a sensory area of the brain

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Max returns to his dorm room late at night to find his roommate throwing up. The smell is at first so bad that Max wants to vomit too, but after helping his roommate clean up, the odor seems to fade. Max has experienced

A) damage to his sensory receptors.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) a response to the decreasing concentration of odorant molecules in the room.
D) a hallucination.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following are paired correctly?

A) Baroreceptors-stimulated by blood pressure changes
B) Pain receptors-stimulated by damage to tissues
C) Thermoreceptors-stimulated by temperature changes
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A pole vaulter keeps track of his position in mid-air through

A) lamellated corpuscles.
B) pain receptors.
C) proprioceptors.
D) baroreceptors.

Question 5

Sensory receptors include

A) mechanoreceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) photoreceptors.
D) all of the above.

Question 6

Olfactory receptors, which provide the sense of smell, are

A) thermoreceptors.
B) mechanoreceptors.
C) chemoreceptors.
D) proprioceptors.

Question 7

Temperature senses use two types of

A) chemoreceptors.
B) proprioceptors.
C) tactile corpuscles.
D) free nerve endings.

Question 8

Receptors for the special senses are found

A) primarily in the head.
B) throughout the integumentary system.
C) in the fingertips.
D) in internal organs.

Question 9

The war veteran experiences an intense burning sensation seeming to come from where his foot had been amputated. He most likely has

A) hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy.
B) post traumatic stress disorder.
C) reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
D) anosmia.

Question 10

Sensory impulses are stimulated at receptors by

A) neurotransmitters.
B) decreasing permeability of nerve cell membranes.
C) subthrehold potential.
D) local changes in their cell membrane potentials.

Question 11

Fibers of the spinothalamic tract transmit pain and temperature information to the

A) hypothalamus.
B) cerebellum
C) brainstem.
D) thalamus.

Question 12

Pain receptors differ from other somatic receptors by

A) being stimulated only when pain comes from skeletal muscle.
B) adapting very little, if at all.
C) not being able to project impulses back to their origin.
D) adapting much more than other receptors.

Question 13

Pain impulses are first processed in the

A) gray matter of the posterior horn.
B) motor cortex of the cerebrum.
C) dorsal root ganglion.
D) cerebral cortex.

Question 14

The sequence of information flow in response to biting into a slice of pizza is

A) perception, sensation, impulse send to CNS, sensory receptors activated.
B) sensory receptors activated, impulse sent to CNS, sensation, perception.
C) impulse sent to CNS, sensory receptors activated, perception, sensation.
D) impulse sent to CNS, sensory receptors activated, sensation, perception.

Question 15

Pain receptors

A) respond to factors that can damage tissue.
B) adapt rapidly.
C) are among the most specialized receptors.
D) are widely distributed in the brain.

Question 16

The ability to ignore your socks around your ankles demonstrates

A) general adaptation.
B) receptor integration.
C) interpretive assimilation.
D) sensory adaptation.

Question 17

Receptors for the general senses are found

A) in a few clusters.
B) only in the integumentary system.
C) widely distributed throughout the body.
D) throughout the visceral organs.

Question 18

The brain interprets input from sensory receptors as

A) reception.
B) sensation.
C) perception.
D) contraception.

Question 19

Another name for pain receptors is

A) tactile corpuscles.
B) lamellated corpuscles.
C) nociceptors.
D) mechanoreceptors.

Question 20

Henry has hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. He lacks

A) chemoreceptors.
B) nociceptors.
C) mechanoreceptors.
D) baroreceptors.

Question 21

If a person's right visual cortex is damaged, the injury will most likely affect vision from the

A) right eye only.
B) left eye only.
C) nasal side of one eye and the temporal side of the other eye.
D) nasal side of both eyes.

Question 22

The color receptors in the retina are most sensitive to light waves that are

A) red, green, and blue.
B) red, blue, and yellow.
C) green, yellow, and purple.
D) orange, green, and purple.

Question 23

Arnold enters a darkened movie theater on a sunny summer afternoon. It takes many minutes for his eyes to adapt to the darkness because

A) it takes some time for the retina to rebuild its rhodopsin stores from opsin and retinal.
B) the rods in the eye work only in bright light, and it takes time for the cones to work in weak light.
C) the iris takes time to close after being subjected to bright light.
D) the optic nerve fatigues in bright light, and it takes time to recover.

Question 24

Light is refracted when it passes

A) between media of the same optical density.
B) into glass at a right angle.
C) between media of different optical densities at a right angle.
D) between media of different optical densities at an oblique angle.

Question 25

Rhodopsin is found in ____ cells.

A) cone
B) lens
C) rod
D) olfactory receptor

Question 26

Stereoscopic vision results when the

A) images in both eyes are identical.
B) images in the eyes are different.
C) rods of one eye are stimulated and the cones of the other eye are stimulated.
D) brain interprets the images in two dimensions.

Question 27

Anosmia is loss of

A) taste.
B) smell.
C) hearing.
D) vision.

Question 28

Taste receptors are

A) found only on the tongue.
B) unable to divide.
C) modified connective tissue cells.
D) modified epithelial cells.

Question 29

The taste receptor that amino acids such as glutamic acid activate is

A) sour.
B) salty.
C) bitter.
D) umami.

Question 30

Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye?

A) Retina
B) Cornea
C) Choroid coat
D) Sclera

Question 31

If you were a physician evaluating a young person who has conductive deafness, which of the following would you consider in your differential diagnosis?

A) A torn tympanic membrane
B) A brain tumor
C) Damage to the auditory nerve
D) Use of the antibiotic drug streptomycin

Question 32

The range of human hearing is about

A) 2,000-3,000 vibrations per second.
B) 2,000-200,000 vibrations per second.
C) 20-20,000 vibrations per second.
D) 2-2,000 vibrations per second.

Question 33

Bitter receptors sense

A) alkaloids.
B) acids.
C) inorganic salts.
D) carbohydrates.

Question 34

The hearing receptors are most closely associated with the

A) ampulla.
B) spiral organ.
C) utricle.
D) saccule.

Question 35

Which of the following is not a primary taste sensation?

A) Sweet
B) Salty
C) Pungent
D) Sour

Question 36

Visual sensations from images focused on the side of the retina are blurred because

A) there are no rods in this region.
B) there are more cones than rods in this region.
C) there are more rods than cones in this region.
D) the optic disc is located on the side of the retina.

Question 37

The Golgi tendon organ is stimulated more when

A) muscles are metabolically active and produce oxygen.
B) muscle tension increases.
C) muscle tension decreases.
D) muscle tension stays the same.

Question 38

As a result of the tympanic reflex,

A) the bridge of auditory ossicles becomes less rigid.
B) vibrations are transmitted more effectively to the inner ear.
C) the malleus is pulled toward the eardrum.
D) vibrations are transmitted less effectively to the inner ear.

Question 39

The lens of the eye thickens when the

A) suspensory ligaments pull on the lens capsule.
B) ciliary processes relax.
C) ciliary muscles relax.
D) ciliary muscles contract.

Question 40

As they extend from the retina to the brain, the nerve fibers

A) from the nasal half of each retina cross over.
B) from the temporal half of each retina cross over.
C) all cross over.
D) do not cross over.

Question 41

Glaucoma is usually caused by

A) clouding of the lens.
B) clouding of the lens capsule.
C) accumulation of vitreous humor.
D) accumulation of aqueous humor.

Question 42

Lorelei thinks of the days of the week and months of the year as particular colors. She has

A) synesthesia.
B) neuropathy.
C) a deficiency of neurons in her visual cortex.
D) too few synapses in her hypothalamus.

Question 43

The stapes transmit vibrations to the round window of the inner ear.

Question 44

A cochlear implant treats

A) a torn tympanic membrane.
B) otosclerosis.
C) conductive deafness.
D) sensorineural deafness.

Question 45

A curvature defect of the lens or cornea in which some parts of an image are in focus on the retina and other parts are blurred and vision is distorted is called

A) presbyopia.
B) astigmatism.
C) hyperopia.
D) myopia.

Question 46

The painkiller sold as Ziconotide comes from a

A) bacterium.
B) fungus.
C) snail.
D) plant.

Question 47

Referred pain occurs when the brain projects the sensation back to the original source in the body from which the pain originated.

Question 48

Stretching of tissues can cause pain sensations to arise from visceral organs.

Question 49

Opiate drugs used to treat pain come from a

A) bacterium.
B) fungus.
C) snail.
D) plant.

Question 50

Movement of hair cells in the semicircular canals signals

A) sound waves to the brain.
B) the direction of motion.
C) the frequency of the sound.
D) the velocity of the movement.

Question 51

Sensory receptors are specialized cells or multicellular structures that collect information from the environment and stimulate neurons to send impulses along sensory fibers to the brain, where the cerebral cortex forms a perception.

Question 52

A person who is colorblind lacks

A) retinas.
B) one type of photopigment.
C) corneas.
D) a gene that encodes the proteins in rod cells.

Question 53

The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors associated with the sense of dynamic equilibrium.

Question 54

Farsightedness after the age of forty-five is most likely caused by

A) loss of lens capsule elasticity.
B) shortening of the eyeball.
C) lengthening of the eyeball.
D) changes in curvature of the cornea.

Question 55

Treatment for cataract is usually removal of the

A) cornea.
B) sclera.
C) lens.
D) vitreous humor.

Question 56

Receptors that are stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations are called thermoreceptors.

Question 57

Smell and taste disorders may be caused by

A) a side effect of a drug.
B) allergies.
C) a head injury.
D) all of the above.

Question 58

Jenny slurps up a plate of beef lo mein at a Chinese restaurant. "That tastes great, but I can't quite describe it." What type of taste sensation is she experiencing?

A) Paprika
B) Umami
C) Starch
D) Pepper

Question 59

Otosclerosis affects the

A) tympanic membrane.
B) auditory ossicles.
C) cochlea.
D) auditory nerve.

Question 60

General senses result from stimulation of receptors in the head only.

Question 61

When the radial muscles of the iris contract, the diameter of the pupil decreases.

Question 62

The auditory ossicles are in the inner ear.

Question 63

Tears contain an enzyme that reduces the risk of eye infection.

Question 64

The optic disc is medial to the fovea centralis and is the site from which nerve fibers from the retina leave the eye and become part of the optic nerve.

Question 65

Impulses from the spiral organ travel on the vestibulocochlear nerve.

Question 66

Receptors stimulated by changes in temperature are called ____________ .

Question 67

Light breaks down rhodopsin.

Question 68

Colorblindness is inherited.

Question 69

In astigmatism the cornea or the lens is elliptically rather than spherically curved.

Question 70

The process by which the brain causes a sensation to seem to come from the stimulated receptors is called _____________ .

Question 71

Impulses from taste receptors can travel in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.

Question 72

A person who associates sounds with tastes has synesthesia.

Question 73

Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are important for color vision.

Question 74

When all three sets of cones are stimulated, a person senses white light.

Question 75

Floaters are bowel movements that float due to a fatty diet.

Question 76

In hyperopia, the eyeball is too short and the focal point is in front of the retina.

Question 77

The taste of food is the same, whether a person has a respiratory infection or not.

Question 78

The conjunctiva is a layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers most of the anterior surface of the eye.

Question 79

Optic nerve fibers cross over in the thalamus.

Question 80

Sound vibrations are conducted from the malleus to the stapes to the incus.