Deck 7: Skeletal System

Question 1

The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n)

A) long bone.
B) flat bone.
C) short bone.
D) irregular bone.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In a child, a vitamin D deficiency results in ______, whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ______.

A) pituitary dwarfism; rickets
B) rickets; retardation of bone development
C) excess calcium absorption; osteomalacia
D) soft bones; rickets

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is(are) an example of an intramembranous bone?

A) Broad, flat skull bones
B) Phalanges of the fingers
C) Humerus
D) Femur

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which one of the following is true?

A) Osteoblasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down calcified bone matrix.
B) Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.
C) Osteoclasts secrete bone matrix and become osteoblasts.
D) Osteoclasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.

Question 5

The term "bone" can refer to

A) a tissue, an organ, or a type of cell.
B) a tissue or an organ only.
C) a tissue only
D) an organ only.

Question 6

A bone thickens

A) as a result of cell division in the medullary cavity.
B) due to increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts.
C) as a result of increased activity within the epiphyseal plate.
D) as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis.

Question 7

Which of the following groups of bones, based on shape, is associated with an incorrect example?

A) Long bones - forearm bones
B) Short bones - wrist and ankle bones
C) Flat bones - thigh bones
D) Irregular bones - vertebrae

Question 8

Which of the following is not a step in endochondral bone formation?

A) Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.
B) Periosteum forms from connective tissue outside the developing bone.
C) Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
D) Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.

Question 9

Osteoblasts are ______, whereas osteocytes are ______.

A) bone-forming cells; bone-dissolving cells
B) mature bone cells; bone-forming cells
C) bone-forming cells; mature bone cells
D) bone-dissolving cells; mature bone cells

Question 10

Articular cartilage of a long bone is found

A) on the outer surface of the epiphyses.
B) inside the medullary cavity.
C) on the outer surface of the diaphysis.
D) in the spaces of the spongy bone.

Question 11

All of the following are functions of bones except

A) to protect certain internal organs.
B) to provide a source for red and white blood cells.
C) to provide a set point for the control of blood pressure and body temperature.
D) to store inorganic salts.

Question 12

A bone lengthens

A) as a result of cell division in the medullary cavity.
B) due to increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts.
C) as a result of increased activity within the epiphyseal plate.
D) as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis.

Question 13

Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of ______ , which as a result decreases the rate of cell division of ______.

A) thyroid hormones; osteocytes in the periosteum
B) growth hormone; fat cells in the medullary cavity
C) thyroid hormones; osteoclasts in the compact bone
D) growth hormone ; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate

Question 14

Articular cartilage is

A) fibrocartilage.
B) found only in the knees and elbows.
C) elastic cartilage.
D) hyaline cartilage.

Question 15

Compact bone has ________, whereas spongy bone has __________.

A) spaces that reduce the weight of bone; tightly packed matrix that is solid
B) osteons; trabeculae
C) trabeculae; osteons
D) osteocytes; no osteocytes

Question 16

Which of the following is not found associated with spongy bone?

A) Trabeculae
B) Osteons
C) Canaliculi
D) Osteocytes

Question 17

Osteoclasts are

A) cells that secrete bone matrix.
B) mature bone cells that maintain the matrix.
C) immature bone cells that give rise to osteocytes.
D) cells that break down bone matrix.

Question 18

A six-month-old baby is admitted to the hospital with a broken bone. This is the third fracture in the otherwise healthy child. The parents are arrested on charges of child abuse. The defense lawyer gets the charges dropped after the results of genetic tests indicate which of the following conditions?

A) Polydactyly
B) Osteoporosis
C) Osteogenesis imperfecta
D) Anemia

Question 19

At what age are nearly all bones completely ossified?

A) Birth
B) 5 years
C) 15 years
D) 25 years

Question 20

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that

A) the bone is lengthening.
B) the bone is no longer lengthening.
C) the bone is increasing in diameter.
D) the bone has completed ossification.

Question 21

It is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the

A) diaphysis.
B) medullary cavity.
C) epiphyseal plate.
D) articular cartilage.

Question 22

A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the

A) ethmoid bone
B) maxillae.
C) mandible.
D) vomer bone.

Question 23

The sternum is part of the

A) pectoral girdle.
B) pelvic girdle.
C) axial skeleton.
D) appendicular skeleton.

Question 24

The number of bones in the skeletal system is

A) the same for everyone.
B) more for males than females.
C) more for females than males.
D) variable.

Question 25

Which of the following bones is not part of the orbit of the skull?

A) Ethmoid
B) Sphenoid
C) Vomer
D) Frontal

Question 26

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of

A) red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
B) red blood cells only.
C) white blood cells only.
D) red and white blood cells only.

Question 27

The hard palate is composed of the

A) sphenoid and ethmoid bones.
B) nasal conchae and vomer bones.
C) zygomatic and lacrimal bones.
D) maxillary and palatine bones.

Question 28

The thyroid hormone thyroxine ______.

A) increases cartilage production in the epiphyseal plate
B) stimulates osteoclasts
C) stimulates replacement of cartilage with bone in the epiphyseal plate
D) removes calcium from bone

Question 29

The pituitary gland is located in the

A) sella turcica.
B) cribriform plate.
C) sphenoidal sinus.
D) mandibular fossa.

Question 30

The zygomatic arch is composed of processes of

A) the zygomatic and temporal bones.
B) the zygomatic and maxillary bones.
C) the maxillary and temporal bones.
D) the temporal and parietal bones.

Question 31

Bacteria infecting the mucous membranes in the air cells of the mastoid process most likely spread from the

A) middle ear.
B) meninges.
C) frontal sinus.
D) maxillary sinus.

Question 32

Which of the following describes the function(s) of the skeletal system?

A) It interacts with muscles, providing movement.
B) It stores inorganic salts.
C) It protects organs, especially in the head and thorax.
D) All of the above describe skeletal system functions.

Question 33

Endochondral ossification ______, whereas intramembranous ossification ______.

A) replaces hyaline cartilage; replaces undifferentiated connective tissue
B) forms bone in broad, flat areas of the skull; occurs in the limbs
C) inhibits osteoblast activity; activates osteoclast activity
D) activates osteoclasts; inhibits osteoblast activity

Question 34

Which is true of sex hormones?

A) They inhibit osteoblast activity.
B) They have no effect on bone.
C) They stimulate ossification of the epiphyseal plates.
D) Their action on bone growth is stronger in males than in females.

Question 35

Which of the following is not a function of bones?

A) Contraction
B) Attachment for muscles
C) Blood cell production
D) Storage of inorganic salts

Question 36

Exercise ______ and _______ bones.

A) thickens; elongates
B) elongates; weakens
C) thickens; strengthens
D) thins; atrophies

Question 37

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the

A) cervical and lumbar curvatures.
B) cervical and thoracic curvatures.
C) thoracic and sacral curvatures.
D) lumbar and sacral curvatures.

Question 38

Which of the following is the most abundant form in which calcium is found in the inorganic matrix of the bone?

A) Calcium oxalate
B) Hydroxyapatite
C) Calcium pyrophosphate
D) Calcium carbonate

Question 39

Bones

A) are not living tissue.
B) are multifunctional.
C) do not contribute to homeostasis.
D) have a matrix composed mostly of organic salts.

Question 40

The axial skeleton includes

A) the upper and lower limbs and pelvic and pectoral girdles.
B) the skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.
C) the radius, ulna, carpals, and phalanges.
D) the femur, tibia, and fibula.

Question 41

The talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and lateral, intermediate, and cuneiform bones are all part of the

A) foot.
B) hand.
C) pelvis.
D) skull.

Question 42

Which of the following correctly lists the steps of fracture repair in sequence?

A) A hematoma forms, granulation tissue and fibrocartilage develop, osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris, bony callus forms.
B) A hematoma forms, osteoblasts arrive and produce new bone tissue, osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris, granulation tissue forms.
C) Phagocytes clear away debris, osteoblasts remove damaged bone tissue, and a hematoma forms.
D) A hematoma forms followed by formation of a bony callus that fibrocartilage replaces.

Question 43

The femur

A) is the longest bone in the body.
B) extends from the hip to the knee.
C) articulates with the patella.
D) is all of the above.

Question 44

The secondary curves of the vertebral column are the

A) cervical and lumbar curvatures.
B) cervical and thoracic curvatures.
C) thoracic and sacral curvatures.
D) lumbar and sacral curvatures.

Question 45

Having extra digits is termed

A) polydactyly.
B) polyuria.
C) polyploidy.
D) polydipsia.

Question 46

Which of the following describes a female's pelvis compared to a male's pelvis?

A) A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with lighter bones.
B) A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with lighter bones.
C) A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with heavier bones.
D) A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with heavier bones.

Question 47

Phalanges are

A) finger bones only.
B) toe bones only.
C) both finger and toe bones.
D) wrist and ankle bones.

Question 48

Which three bones fuse to form the hip bone?

A) the ilium, the femur, and the pubis.
B) the ilium, the sacrum, and the pubis.
C) the ischium, the coccyx, and the pubis.
D) the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis.

Question 49

The three borders of the scapula are called

A) the frontal, pivotal, and dorsal borders.
B) the superior, lateral, and medial borders.
C) the acromion process, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity.
D) the supraspinous, infraspinous, and subscapular borders.

Question 50

Height begins to decrease on average after age

A) 25.
B) 30.
C) 50.
D) 65.

Question 51

The capitulum and trochlea are located

A) at the proximal end of the humerus.
B) at the distal end of the humerus.
C) at the distal end of the ulna.
D) in the hand.

Question 52

The atlas is one of the

A) lumbar vertebrae.
B) thoracic vertebrae.
C) cervical vertebrae.
D) sacral vertebrae.

Question 53

Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called

A) true ribs.
B) false ribs.
C) floating ribs.
D) vertebrochondral ribs.

Question 54

A compound fracture

A) incompletely breaks the bone in more than one place.
B) is caused by a disease.
C) exposes the broken bone to the outside.
D) completely breaks the bone in more than one place.

Question 55

Which of the following are components of the pelvic girdle?

A) hip bones.
B) coxal bones.
C) sacrum.
D) all of the above.

Question 56

The clavicles

A) provide attachments for muscles of the back, chest, and upper limbs.
B) are the strongest bones in the body.
C) provide attachments for muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs.
D) are part of the axial skeleton.

Question 57

Which of the following describes the female pelvis compared to that of the male?

A) The angle of the female pubic arch is smaller.
B) The distance between the female ischial spines is greater.
C) The obturator foramen is more oval in a female.
D) The female iliac bones are less flared.

Question 58

A sternal puncture is often used to obtain a sample of

A) fibroblasts.
B) osteoblasts.
C) red bone marrow.
D) yellow bone marrow.

Question 59

The acetabulum is

A) a depression in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur.
B) a protuberance in the hip bone that attaches to the head of the femur.
C) the prominence of the hip.
D) the anterior portion of the hip bone.

Question 60

Cells that remove excess bone tissue after fracture repair are

A) fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
B) chondrocytes and osteocytes.
C) osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
D) osteoclasts and phagocytes.

Question 61

If the supply of blood cells is deficient, yellow marrow may change into red marrow.

Question 62

Eighty-year-old Evelyn takes a bisphosphonate drug once a month to keep her bones strong. She most likely has

A) polydactyly.
B) osteogenesis imperfecta.
C) osteoporosis.
D) a hematoma.

Question 63

Bones in the human body are non-living.

Question 64

Which of the following increases the risk of developing osteoporosis?

A) Low intake of dietary calcium
B) Lack of physical exercise
C) Family history of the condition
D) All of the above

Question 65

The thyroid gland secretes growth hormone.

Question 66

A bone shaft is the diaphysis; the expanded parts at the ends are the epiphyses.

Question 67

Bones are classified as irregular, flat, short, or long.

Question 68

The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.

Question 69

The small intestine requires vitamin D to adequately absorb calcium.

Question 70

The number of bones in most people is 206.

Question 71

Intervertebral discs are formed of skeletal muscle.

Question 72

Bone remodeling occurs as osteoblasts resorb bone tissue and osteoclasts replace the bone.

Question 73

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells, whereas osteoblasts are bone-forming cells.

Question 74

Curvatures of the spine produce all of the following except

A) lordosis.
B) scoliosis.
C) increased height.
D) kyphosis.

Question 75

Blood cell formation is called osteogenesis.

Question 76

The parietal bones meet each other along the sagittal suture.

Question 77

Fontanels in the fetal skull permit some bone movement, enabling the fetus to pass more easily through the birth canal during childbirth.

Question 78

Perforating canals form transverse channels in bone tissue.

Question 79

Testosterone has a stronger effect on epiphyseal plates than estrogens.

Question 80

Bisphosphonates are drugs that slow the progress of

A) rickets.
B) heart disease.
C) osteoporosis.
D) menopause.